Universal precursor seismicity pattern before locked-segment rupture and evolutionary rule for landmark earthquakes     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101314

Despite extensive investigations, no precursor patterns for reliably predicting major earthquakes have thus far been identified. Seismogenic locked segments that can accumulate adequate strain energy to cause major earthquakes are highly heterogeneous and low brittle. The progressive cracking of the locked segments with these properties can produce an interesting seismic phenomenon: a landmark earthquake and a sequence of smaller subsequent earthquakes (pre-shocks) always arise prior to another landmark earthquake within a well-defined seismic zone and its current seismic period. Applying a mechanical model, magnitude constraint conditions, and case study data of 62 worldwide seismic zones, we show that two adjacent landmark earthquakes reliably occur at the volume-expansion point and peak-stress point (rupture) of a locked segment; thus, the former is an identified precursor for the latter. Such a precursor seismicity pattern before the locked-segment rupture has definite physical meanings, and it is universal regardless of the focal depth. Because the evolution of landmark earthquakes follows a deterministic rule described by the model, they are predictable. The results of this study lay a firm physical foundation for reliably predicting the occurrence of future landmark earthquakes in a seismic zone and can greatly improve our understanding of earthquake generation mechanism.  相似文献   

柴北缘东段及周缘侏罗系发育特征及其对构造活动的响应     

冯怀伟  许淑梅  王大华  肖永军  张关龙  曾治平  王千军  王金铎 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022082003-2022082003

为研究柴北缘东部及周缘侏罗系发育特征及其对构造活动的响应,笔者等基于柴北缘东段红山、霍布逊及德令哈凹陷侏罗系野外地质调查,通过地层接触关系追踪、二维地震资料解释以及岩性岩相突变特征分析,同时与中国西北地区其他典型的盆地侏罗系发育特征进行对比分析,研究表明,在中国西北多个板块的相互作用的构造背景之下,柴北缘东段燕山期构造运动Ⅰ幕发生在早—中侏罗世,以古地理与古构造环境较为均一、发育粗碎屑凹陷、每个凹陷内具有幕式沉积充填特征,与中国西北其他盆地对比,此幕构造运动波及面大,但强度较弱,推测与中国西北周边各板块碰撞造山之后的伸展作用相关;燕山期构造运动Ⅱ幕发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,此幕构造运动导致古地理与古构造环境向新的环境转变,以中—上侏罗统之间的角度不整合、白垩系及晚侏罗统的残缺不全为特征,推测与拉萨地块与欧亚板块碰撞以及蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的关闭及Kolyma—Omolon地块的碰撞有关。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block: Evidence from meta volcanic rocks of Jianshanzi,northern Liaoning ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

Zhang Nuo  Wang ChangBing  Liu ZhengHong  Xu ZhongYuan  Li Gang  Xuan YuFei  Gao Yu  Wang Chen 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2323-2344

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analyses for the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in the Kaiyuan area are presented to explore the Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block. The detailed research indicates that the protolith of Jianshanzi metamorphic volcanic rocks includes rhyolite, dacite and andesite, they are calc-alkaline series and metaluminous-weak peraluminous rocks. According to the zircon U-Pb dating, the metamorphic rhyolite and metamorphic andesite formed in the Late Permian (256. 1 +/- 1. 5Ma, 252.4 +/- 1. 7Ma) and the Late Triassic (222. 4 +/- 1. 8Ma, 227. 9 +/- 1. 2Ma), respectively. They are characteristized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Metamorphic rhyolite has an obvious negative Eu anomaly with epsilon(Hf) ( t) values of 10. 83 + 8. 10 and the second -stage model are 698 similar to 1967Ma. They are mainly due to the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust and the contamination of a small amount of ancient crustal materials. Metamorphic andesite has no obvious Eu anomaly, and the epsilon(Hf)( t) value and the second -stage model are +4.54 similar to + 6. 79 and 825 similar to 968 Ma, which may be the product of partial melting of basic lower crust. There are two periods of magmatism in Jianshanzi volcanic rocks: Late Permian -Early Triassic (247 similar to 256Ma) and Late Triassic (similar to 225Ma). The material composition of the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks is characterized by different times and different tectonic backgrounds. It is comprehensively believed that the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block was in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the Permian, and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subducted in both directions; Mantle -derived magma ascends and emplaces, forming a nascent crust and causing crustal thickening. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed in the early Middle Triassic, and the impact of collisional orogeny may have continued until the early Late Triassic.  相似文献   

Lithospheric Electrical Structure across the Eastern Segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault on the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau     

ZHANG Letian  YE Gaofeng  JIN Sheng  WEI Wenbo  Martyn UNSWORTH  Alan G. JONES  JING Jianen  DONG Hao  XIE Chengliang  Florian LE PAPE  Jan VOZAR 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):90-104

Project INDEPTH (InterNational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya) is an interdisciplinary program designed to develop a better understanding of deep structures and mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau. As a component of magnetotelluric (MT) work in the 4th phase of the project, MT data were collected along a profile that crosses the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault on the northern margin of the plateau. Time series data processing used robust algorithms to give high quality responses. Dimensionality analysis showed that 2D approach is only valid for the northern section of the profile. Consequently, 2D inversions were only conducted for the northern section, and 3D inversions were conducted on MT data from the whole profile. From the 2D inversion model, the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault only appears as a crustal structure, which suggests accommodation of strike slip motion along the Altyn Tagh fault by thrusting within the Qilian block. A large-scale off-profile conductor within the mid-lower crust of the Qilian block was revealed from the 3D inversion model, which is probably correlated with the North Qaidam thrust belt. Furthermore, the unconnected conductors from the 3D inversion model indicate that deformations in the study area are generally localized.  相似文献   

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics     

SHI Zhigang  YUAN Daoyang  HE Wengui  LIU Xingwang  WANG Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1165-1175

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.  相似文献   

基于变形分区确定某反倾岩质岸坡变形体锁固段     

王章琼  晏鄂川  谢良甫  杨建国 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):394-400

对处于蠕滑阶段的边坡而言,准确确定蠕滑段和锁固段是进行稳定性评价及演化趋势预测的基础和前提。以我国西南山区某水库型岸坡变形体为例,在综合分析岸坡工程地质条件的基础上,通过联合运用野外现场地质调查、地表位移监测、钻孔、平硐、深部位移监测、物探等多种勘察手段,查明了岸坡的结构特征,并分别对岸坡进行地表和深部变形分区。 在此基础上,结合当前稳定性现状,划分出岸坡蠕滑段与锁固段。结果表明:(1)岸坡在河谷下切过程中发生了弯曲倾倒变形,弯曲折断面深度为20～80m;(2)岸坡前部为蠕滑段,中部为锁固段,后部为拉裂段,具备滑移-拉裂-剪断三段式发育特征。研究结果可直接用于该岸坡变形体的稳定性评价,且对于同类型处于蠕滑阶段边坡的勘察手段及综合分析具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于线段的基本线/线拓扑关系计算     

倪建华  周晓光  胡克新 《测绘软科学研究》2009,(5):39-43

空间拓扑关系是空间数据建模、空间查询、分析、推理、制图综合、数据质量控制、数据更新等的基础。目前空间拓扑关系研究的主要成果仍然集中在拓扑关系的描述方面,在计算方面的阐述都非常薄弱,不足以指导系统开发人员编程实现。本文研究了IR2中两个简单线目标间拓扑关系的计算方法,重点分析了线/线拓扑关系计算的特点,提出了一种基于线段的线/线拓扑关系计算方法,并用VC＋＋采用底层开发模式实现了基本线/线拓扑关系的计算。  相似文献   

Dissolved organic carbon in the southern Baltic Sea: Quantification of factors affecting its distribution     

Karol Kuliński  Janusz Pempkowiak 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

During a cruise of r/v ‘Oceania’ in May 2006, seven vertical dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration profiles were produced against a background of CTD, chlorophyll a (chl a) and phaeopigment concentration profiles. The results indicate distinct vertical and spatial DOC fluctuations, ranging from 248 ± 7 μmol C dm⁻³ at 70 m depth at the westernmost station G/06 to 398 ± 5 μmol C dm⁻³ at 5 m depth at station A/06 in the western Gulf of Gdańsk. DOC concentrations were the highest at 10 m depth, where phytoplankton activity was relatively intensive, as reflected by the active chl a concentration distribution. DOC concentrations decreased towards the sea bottom.  相似文献   

基于FAST和SURF的遥感图像自动配准方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李慧  蔺启忠  刘庆杰 《国土资源遥感》2012,(2):28-33

提出了基于加速分割检测特征(features from accelerated segment test,FAST)和加速鲁棒性特征(speeded - up robust features,SURF)的遥感图像自动配准方法.首先对参考图像与待配准图像进行HSI变换和高斯金字塔建立;然后检测并提取FAST角点,计算各角点的SURF描述子,用K-D树匹配搜索策略得到2幅图像的匹配点对;再使用最小二乘迭代法剔除错误匹配点并拟合几何变换系数;最后执行几何变换,得到配准后的图像.将该方法分别与基于SURF自动配准方法和ENVI软件中自动获取配准点的方法进行对比实验,结果表明,利用该方法能够获得更多的匹配点对,具有更高的几何配准精度,但在尺度不变性方面略逊于SURF算法.  相似文献   

汶川地震区北西向断裂带遥感分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏成阶  杨攀新  张俊  刘亚岚  阎守邕 《遥感学报》2012,16(5):1054-1073

利用北京一号小卫星遥感影像判读汶川地震区的断裂构造,发现了一系列100km左右等间距排列的北西向断裂,结果已部分地得到实地考察验证。龙门山断裂与北西向断裂的交汇部位发生强烈地震的几率较高。这些新发现将对汶川Ms8.0级地震发生机理、龙门山断裂带活动性分段、断裂同震位移自南西向北东、由右旋走滑逆断层向右旋走滑断层转变等重大问题提供了新的合理解释。  相似文献