Altitude variation of the plasmapause signature in the main ionospheric trough     

Joseph M. Grebowsky  Robert F. Benson  Phillip A. Webb  Vladimir Truhlik  Dieter Bilitza 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1669-1676

The projection of the plasmapause magnetic-field lines to low altitudes, where the light-ion chemistry is dominated by O⁺, tends to occur near the minimum electron density in the main (midlatitude) electron density trough at night. With increasing altitude in the trough, where H⁺ emerges as the dominant ion on the low-latitude boundary, we have found cases where the plasmapause field lines are located on the sharp low-latitude side of the trough as expected if this topside ionosphere H⁺ distribution varies in step with the plasmapause gradient in the distant plasmasphere. These conclusions are based on near-equatorial crossings of the plasmapause (corresponding to the steep gradient in the dominant species H⁺) by the Explorer-45 satellite as determined from electric-field measurements by Maynard and Cauffman in the early 1970s and ISIS-2 ionospheric topside-sounder measurements. The former data have now been converted to digital form and made available at http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov. The latter provide samples of nearly coincident observations of ionospheric main trough crossings near the same magnetic-field lines of the Explorer 45-determined equatorial plasmapause. The ISIS-2 vertical electron density profiles are used to infer where the F-region transitions from an O⁺ to a H⁺ dominated plasma through the main trough boundaries.  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义   总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16  

祝有海  饶竹  刘坚  刘亚玲  白瑞梅 《现代地质》2005,19(1):39-44

西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件,并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志--模拟海底反射层（BSR）。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下4～5 m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常,其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高,孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高,这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。  相似文献   

The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough during the Late Quaternary   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

XIONG Yingqian  LIU Zhenxi  LI Tiegang  LIU Yanguang  YU Hua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(4):146-154

On the basis of accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon （AMS ^14C） dating, sedimentation rates of 11 cores collected from the northern to southern Okinawa Trough are discussed. The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough roughly range from 11 to 39cm/ka, and the average is 23.0cm/ka. China＇s continental matter is the main sediment source of the middle Okinawa Trough and has important contribution to the northern and southern Okinawa Trough. The sedimentation rates during the marine oxygen isotope （MIS） 2 are uniformly higher than those during MIS 1 in the northern and middle Okinawa Trough while they are on the contrary in the southern Okinawa Trough. Sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough can be one of the proxies of sediment source and an indicator of cooling events.  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽典型地震相识别与分析     

张志杰  于兴河 《海洋地质前沿》2005,21(1):40-44

西沙海槽区作为气水合物的可能聚集地越来越受到关注。浅析地震相分析方法,通过地震相标志的识别,归纳出自中中新世以来,西沙海槽发育有8种地震相：S形前积地震相、斜交前积地震相、下超型前积地震相、丘状地震相、杂乱地震相、空白地震相、透镜状地震相和席状地震相。较细致地描述了各种地震相的反射特征,并结合研究区的沉积背景,对不同地震相的沉积学特征做出了合理解释。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物的地球化学特征和物原判识   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

高学民  林振宏  刘兰  林晓彤  李洪江 《海洋学报》2000,22(3):61-66

研究样品由“向阳红16”号于1992年6～7月间取自冲绳海槽中部.对表层沉积物的地球化学数据的因子分析和典型化学组分的相关分析结果表明,冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物主要包括陆架来源、生物源和火山热液源组分,且以陆源组分为主;运用修正的富集团子(EF)分析结果表明,沉积物中陆源、生物源、火山热液源组分在不同区域的相对分布是显着不同的.  相似文献   

东海陆架前缘斜坡(冲绳海槽西坡)北部的断块隆脊地貌   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范奉鑫  林美华  江荣华  王春兰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(1):173-176

东海陆架前缘斜坡(冲绳海槽西坡)北部的断块隆脊,是呈长条形的脊状台式隆起,位于29°30′N-31°10′N;128°00′E-128°20′E之间。其由NNE向链状排列的断块山地组成,且与NNE向的断裂构造相一致,其顶部水深约300m～400m左右。从实测单道地震剖面看,隆脊的东西两侧均有断层出现。隆脊西坡倾向陆架一侧,坡度大,有的地方坡度超过10°;而东侧坡度较缓,仅1°左右,缓倾至海槽西坡坡底,并以沟坎式与冲绳海槽槽底相连。冲绳海槽地区的构造运动,使隆脊地区受到断裂构造的作用。NNE向的大断裂使该隆脊位置的东西两侧断裂下降而中间抬起,加之下部岩浆上侵,显现出链式排列的断块山地,表现为一条长形的断块隆脊构造地貌体。推测该地貌体形成的时期较晚,它是与断层的发生同时期形成的。  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

徐行  施小斌  罗贤虎  刘方兰  郭兴伟  沙志斌  杨小秋 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(4):51-58

为了解南海西沙海槽区的地热特征,利用Ewing型地热探针在该区开展了地热测量,并利用TK04热导率仪测量了相关站位表层沉积物样品的热导率,获得了7个站位的热流数据。结果表明,研究区7个站位的热导率变化范围为0.88~1.06 W/m.K,平均为0.96 W/m.K,地温梯度变化范围为85~120℃/km,热流值变化范围为83~112 mW/m2,平均达到95 mW/m2。分析表明测量结果与20世纪80年代中美合作在西沙海槽的地热测量结果一致性较好,说明研究区仍具有高热流特征,推测高热流特征可能与本区高热背景、莫霍面埋深较浅、断裂发育、晚期岩浆活动和基底起伏等有关。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽北部柱状沉积物中有机质地球化学特征——对热液活动的指示     

黄鑫  陈法锦  祁雅莉  侯庆华  陈清香  蒲晓强 《海洋科学》2018,42(6):1-11

通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS),分析了冲绳海槽北部柱状沉积物中有机质的分布和组成特征。样品中正烷烃显示出明显的双峰分布,其中高分子正烷烃显示出明显的奇数碳优势;低分子的正烷烃显示出偶数碳优势,其丰度最大值位于C16和C18处。该柱状沉积物中120～140cm层样品(样品S10-7)中沥青、正烷烃以及脂肪酸的含量都要远高于其他层位样品,且该层位样品中正十八烷酸质量比(16.915μg/g)要高于其他层位样品1～2个数量级。S10-7样品中3个成熟度参数也高于其他样品,预示该层位样品受到明显的热蚀变。S10-7样品中有机质的分布和组成情况预示该柱状沉积物样品周围可能存在未被发现的热液区。本研究旨在揭示该柱状沉积物中有机质的来源,同时评估该区热液活动的可能性。本研究的开展可为该区沉积物中有机质来源及热液活动研究提供研究基础和依据。  相似文献   

Biodegradation in numerical basin modelling: a case study from the Gifhorn Trough,N-Germany     

I. O. Blumenstein  B. M. Krooss  R. di Primio  W. Rottke  E. Müller  C. Westerlage  R. Littke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):1115-1129

  相似文献   

Historical tsunamis and storms recorded in a coastal lowland,Shizuoka Prefecture,along the Pacific Coast of Japan     

JUNKO KOMATSUBARA  OSAMU FUJIWARA  KEITA TAKADA  YUKI SAWAI  THAN TIN AUNG  TAKANOBU KAMATAKI 《Sedimentology》2008,55(6):1703-1716

Four sand units deposited by tsunamis and one sand unit deposited by storm surge(s) were identified in a muddy marsh succession in a narrow coastal lowland along the Pacific coast of central Japan. Tsunamis in ad 1498, 1605, 1707 and 1854 that were related to large subduction‐zone earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, and storm surges in 1680 and/or 1699 were responsible for the deposition of these sand units. These sand units are distinguished by lithofacies, sedimentary structures, grain‐size and mineral composition, and radiocarbon ages; their ages are supported by events in local historical records. The tsunami deposits in the study area are massive or parallel‐laminated sands, with associated intraclasts, gravels, draping mud layers and, rarely, a return‐flow subunit. The storm surge deposits are devoid of these characteristics, and are composed of groups of thin, current ripple‐laminated sand layers. The differences in sedimentary structures between the tsunami and storm surge deposits are attributed to the different characteristics of tsunami and storm waves.  相似文献