藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带晚二叠纪基性岩浆作用及其构造地质意义   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

曾令森  高利娥  侯可军  唐索寒 《岩石学报》2012,28(6):1731-1740

野外地质调查和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb地质年代学研究在藏南雅拉香波地区厘定了一规模较大,形成于273.0±2.2Ma的辉绿岩体。该辉绿岩体侵入到由页岩和细砂岩组成的特提斯沉积岩中,表明这些沉积岩形成时间早于晚二叠纪,而不是晚三叠纪地层。该岩体具有以下地球化学特征:(1)富集LREE,亏损HREE;(2)高场强元素含量较高;(3)较高的Sr(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7063～0.7078)和Nd(εNd(t)=-1.1～-2.4)同位素组成,与西部同时代溢流玄武岩相当;及(4)较高的εHf(t)(+2.5～+3.9)。本研究及已有数据表明:沿新特提斯带发育一系列晚二叠纪基性岩浆岩,是冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解和新特提斯洋初始张开时深部岩浆作用的产物。  相似文献   

Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia, as windows into the hydrothermal evolution of a base‐metal‐bearing Proterozoic rift basin     

O. J. Hatton  G. J. Davidson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):85-106

The Proterozoic Soldiers Cap Group, a product of two major magmatic rift phases separated by clastic sediment deposition, hosts mineralised (e.g. Pegmont Broken Hill‐type deposit) and barren iron oxide‐rich units at three main stratigraphic levels. Evaluation of detailed geological and geochemical features was carried out for one lens of an apatite‐garnet‐rich, laterally extensive (1.9 km) example, the Weatherly Creek iron‐formation, and it was placed in the context of reconnaissance studies of other similar units in the area. Chemical similarities with iron‐formations associated with Broken Hill‐type Pb–Zn deposit iron‐formations are demonstrated here. Concordant contact relationships, mineralogy, geochemical patterns and pre‐deformational alteration all indicate that the Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations are mainly hydrothermal chemical sediments. Chondrite normalised REE patterns display positive Eu and negative Ce anomalisms, are consistent with components of both high‐temperature, reduced, hydrothermal fluid (≥250°C) and cool oxidised seawater. Major element data suggest a largely mafic provenance for montmorillonitic clays and other detritus during chemical sedimentation, consistent with westward erosion of Cover Sequence 2 volcanic rocks, rather than local mafic sources. Ni enrichment is most consistent with hydrogenous uptake by Mn‐oxides or carbonates. Temperatures inferred from REE data indicate that although they are not strongly enriched, base metals such as Pb and Zn are likely to have been transported and deposited prior to or following iron‐formation deposition. Most chemical sedimentation pre‐dated emplacement of the major mafic igneous sill complexes present in the upper part of the basin. Heating of deep basinal brines in a regional‐scale aquifer by deep‐seated mafic magma chambers is inferred to have driven development of hydrothermal fluids. Three major episodes of extension exhausted this aquifer, but were succeeded by a final climactic extensional phase, which produced widespread voluminous mafic volcanism. The lateral extent of the iron‐formations requires a depositional setting such as a sea‐floor metalliferous sediment blanket or series of brine pools, with iron‐formation deposition likely confined to much smaller fault‐fed areas surrounded by Fe–Mn–P–anomalous sediments. These relationships indicate that in such settings, major sulfide deposits and their associated chemical sediment marker horizons need not overlie major igneous sequences. Rather, the timing of expulsion of hydrothermal fluid reflects the interplay between deep‐seated heating, extension and magmatism.  相似文献   

History of the Ordovician continental platform shelf margin of Australia     

B. D. Webby 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):41-63

Much of South Australia, western New South Wales, and Tasmania was affected by the Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. Areas of the former shelf margin exhibit molasse‐type conglomerates overlying a major late Middle to Late Cambrian unconformity (Jukesian Movement in Tasmania or Mootwingee Movement in western N.S.W.). In continental platform areas to the north the effects of the orogeny were less intense with, in the Georgina Basin for instance, only dis‐conformable relationships, and the overlying deposits consisting of fine elastics and carbonates. Regression accompanied this first phase of tectonic upheaval and was followed by a period of ‘late Tremadoc’ transgression of the sea into several embayment areas of the continental platform. This short‐lived transgression was succeeded by ‘early Arenig’ regression which appears to be related to a second, less intense Delamerian orogenic phase. Expression of this phase ranges from unconformity in west Tasmania (Haulage and Lynchford Movements) to disconformity in the Georgina Basin (Kelly Creek Movement).

A second, more extensive and long‐lived transgression of the sea from the ‘middle Arenig’ to about the end of the ‘Llanvirn’ resulted in the development of the epicontinental Larapintine Sea, permitting interchange of warmer and cooler waters from either ends of the seaway. Combined fossil, lithological and palaeomagnetic evidence suggests that, of the fragments of Gondwanaland, Australia alone straddled the Ordovician equator, with its present west coast approximately along the line of Lat. 30°S. Influxes of sand from the areas of mild‐high relief to the south appear to have been deflected in an anticlockwise direction along the open, ocean‐facing Gnalta Shelf of western N.S.W. towards the eastern end of the Larapintine Sea perhaps as a result of a major westward‐flowing equatorial current. The influxes progressively constricted and finally blocked off the eastern end of the seaway by the end of ‘Llanvirn’ time. The closure, and final regression of the sea from all continental platform areas, seems to have been accompanied by a phase of local uplift and erosion (Dullingari Movement of northeastern South Australia). In cratonic areas of central and northern Australia a period of Late Ordovician or Early Silurian uplift and erosion (Rodingan Movement) followed. Dullingari and Rodingan Movements may be correlated with phases of the Benambran Orogeny of the Tas‐man Geosyncline.

Late Ordovician cratonic sedimentation was restricted to the shelf margin. On the Tasmanian Shelf carbonates accumulated during a long period of relative tectonic quiescence and gentle subsidence. First signs of onset of the Benambrian Orogeny are shown by the appearance of clastics in the topmost beds of the Tasmanian Ordovician sequence.  相似文献   

川西丹巴地区新元古代变质玄武岩成因及构造意义     

林广春 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(4):485-495

对扬子地块西缘康滇裂谷北段的丹巴变质玄武岩进行了系统的岩石学、元素-Nd同位素地球化学研究,结果表明该岩石为碱性玄武岩,样品相对富MgO、富TiO2,Mg#值介于0.51～0.59之间.稀土总量较高,轻重稀土分馏较明显,Th、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和LREE等不相容元素富集,Y和HREE明显亏损,地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似.岩浆形成于板内裂谷环境,起源于类似OIB的地幔源区,并在上升过程中受到了大陆岩石圈地幔(SCLM)物质不同程度的混染,同时还可能有少量下地壳物质的混染.样品在岩石化学上表现出地幔柱岩浆作用的痕迹,很可能与导致Rodinia超级大陆裂解的新元古代地幔柱事件有关.  相似文献   

试论短周期幕式构造沉降对陆相断陷盆地高频沉积旋回的控制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

任拥军  王冠民  马在平  钟建华  陈清华 《沉积学报》2005,23(4):672-676

近年来,在构造背景稳定的海相地层中,基于米兰科维奇旋回控制下的高频旋回逐渐成为进行地层精细划分、定年和探讨盆地演化的重要手段,并被逐渐尝试着应用到陆相断陷盆地中。但陆相断陷盆地为构造盆地,断裂构造理论以及大量地表、地下的构造、沉积现象都表明,在高频旋回沉积过程中可能存在着短周期幕式构造沉降的影响,这就使得在陆相断陷盆地中应用米兰科维奇旋回理论必须要考虑和去除这种影响。  相似文献   

蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组沉积特征和构造-古地理意义          下载免费PDF全文

李强  张革  孙效东  吴根耀  刘赫  李春柏  王金奎  刘绍军  高庚  朱德丰 《古地理学报》2014,16(6):897-906

铜钵庙组是蒙古国塔木察格盆地早白垩世发生初始裂陷的记录。铜钵庙组沉积早期,受强烈起伏的基底地貌和同生正断层活动的双重控制,塔南凹陷主要发育扇三角洲相;铜钵庙组沉积晚期,断裂活动趋于平息,研究区发育扇三角洲相和湖相。笔者系统总结了塔南凹陷铜钵庙组的扇三角洲相和湖相沉积特征,分析了沉积相带的平面展布特征。铜钵庙组沉积时期塔南凹陷出现雏形,沉积中心多且相对孤立,至南屯组沉积时期因同生正断层的进一步活动而连接成北东向条带状延伸的沉降带,盆地向西扩大。  相似文献   

四川盆地北缘震旦纪—早寒武世隆—坳格局及其油气勘探意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李智武  冉波  肖斌  宋金民  郑玲  李金玺  王瀚  肖斌  叶玥豪  蔡其新 《地学前缘》2019,26(1):59-85

四川盆地北部震旦系-下寒武统是继安岳气田发现和绵阳-长宁裂陷提出之后备受关注的另一重点勘探领域,但对其沉积构造格局的认识存在严重分歧。文中基于露头剖面、地震、钻井和地球化学分析资料并结合前人研究成果,提出四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世期间存在隆坳并存的格局。四川盆地北缘震旦系-下寒武统厚度、岩相、地震反射和地球化学等指标的详细分析表明：(1)沉积构造格局表现为隆坳相间的特点,即自西向东依次为绵阳-长宁裂陷→汉南-米仓山隆起→万源-通江裂坳陷→达州-开江隆起→城口-开县裂坳陷→东安-巫溪隆起→巴东-恩施裂陷→神农架-黄陵隆起;(2)发育台地、斜坡和盆地三种沉积环境,其中斜坡环境以发育大量风暴、重力流、滑塌角砾沉积及同沉积滑移变形等为主要识别标志;(3)经历了三个“隆坳”旋回,即陡二段末期-灯二段早期、灯二段晚期-灯四段早期、灯四段晚期-筇竹寺组晚期。四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳格局的形成受控于震旦纪基底构造薄弱带、南秦岭地幔上隆底侵和原特提斯洋壳板片拖拽三者的联合作用,与罗迪尼亚大陆裂解和冈瓦纳大陆聚合的全球构造背景密切相关。四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳并存格局的提出不仅有助于进一步认识该时期扬子克拉通区域沉积构造格局和演化,也为川东北地区下一步油气勘探决策提供了参考依据。川东北地区震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳格局控制了烃源岩和储集层的发育及源储配置关系,建议首先将裂坳陷边缘带作为下一步勘探的重点。  相似文献   

大陆张裂三维有限元的数值模拟     

臧宏  陈美  冯占英 《海洋学研究》2005,23(4):20-29

采用纯数值模拟的方法,研究了大陆岩石圈在拉张和底部隆起作用下的张裂现象,编制了三维粘弹性有限元程序,结果表明:(1)单纯拉张或底部隆起时不会造成岩石圈块体层间的相互滑动,不会产生不对称共轭扩张边缘,块体的中间部分总是首先被拉薄而分离,应力应变转移集中到两侧,张裂的不对称性取决于周边的约束或加载条件,张裂共轭边缘的不对称性与周边块体的作用及其它地质改造作用密切相关。(2)拉张与底部隆起同时作用时,将会造成层间的相互滑动,且应力较大。(3)介质的塑性或流变性对张裂及应力有很大的影响,如对位移产生一定影响,同时应力值降低,使层间产生相对运动,张裂以一种渐变的形式出现。  相似文献   

Basement tectonics and flexural subsidence along western continental margin of India     

D.K. Pandey  Nisha Nair  Anju Pandey  G. Sriram 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):1009-1024

The Paleocene-recent post-rift subsidence history recorded in the Mumbai Offshore Basin off western continental margin of India is examined. Results obtained through 2-D flexural backstripping modelling of new seismic data reveal considerable thermo-tectonic subsidence over last ca. 56 Myr. Reverse postrift subsidence modelling with variable β stretching factor predicts residual topography of ca. 2000 m to the west of Shelf Margin Basin and fails to restore late Paleocene horizon and the underlying igneous basement to the sea level. This potentially implies that:(1) either the igneous basement formed during the late Cretaceous was emplaced under open marine environs; or(2) a laterally varying cumulative subsidence occurred within Mumbai Offshore Basin(MOB) during ca. 68 to ca. 56 Ma. Pre-depositional topographic variations at ca. 56 Ma across the basin could be attributed to the extensional processes such as varied lower crustal underplating along Western Continental Margin of India(WCMI). Investigations about basement tectonics after unroofing of sediments since late Paleocene from this region support a transitional and heavily stretched nature of crust with high to very high β factors. Computations of past sediment accumulation rates show that the basin sedimentation peaked during late Miocene concurrently with uplift of Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau and intensification of Indian monsoon system. Results from basin subsidence modelling presented here may have significant implications for further studies attempting to explore tectono-climatic interactions in Asia.  相似文献   

Patterns and Dynamics of Rifting on Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Slope of the Northern South China Sea:Evidence from 3D Analogue Modeling     

Sun Zhen  Zhou Di  Wu Shimin  Zhong Zhihong  Myra Keep  Jiang Jianqun  Fan Hao 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(1)

Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising,the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified,which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin.From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments,we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset,supposed to be formed with normal lithasphere extension.On the slope,where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upwelling and heating,composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed.The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset.Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere,composite half grnbens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed,whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset,while the inner faults are relatively short.Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature,the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike.When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone,and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress,the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments,which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment,where the Baiyun (白云) sag formed.  相似文献