岩溶在古地理研究中的作用——“关于古地理研究中若干原则问题的商榷”一文的补充及讨论     

赵元龙  李景阳  戎昆方  龚显英  代新春 《贵州地质》1989,(1)

本文从现代、地史时期岩溶剥蚀速度及岩溶铝土矿的形成等方面探讨岩溶在古地理研究中的重大作用,从而提出稳定地区“缺失”某一时期地层,并非该时期为陆;而是前期仍有沉积,后期才真正上升为陆,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

Flooding of Sinking Creek,Garretts Spring karst drainage basin,Jessamine and Woodford counties,Kentucky, USA     

J. C. Currens  C. D. R. Graham 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):337-344

Tashamingo Subdivision in Sinking Creek karst valley, a tributary of the Garretts Spring drainage basin in Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, was flooded in February 1989. To determine the cause of flooding, the groundwater basin boundary was mapped, discharge data were measured to determine intake capacity of swallets, and hydrologic modeling of the basin was conducted. Swallet capacity was determined to be limited by the hydraulic parameters of the conduit, rather than by obstruction by trash. Flooding from a precipitation event is more likely, and will be higher, when antecedent soil moisture conditions in the watershed are near saturation. Hydrologic modeling shows that suburban development of 20 percent of the southeast basin will cause a small increase in flood stage at Tashamingo Subdivision.  相似文献   

湖南岩溶水资源特征及其开发利用     

李植斌 《热带地理》1994,14(4):364-371

本文从含水地层、构造、地貌等方面阐明了湖南省岩溶水的富集特征，对其埋藏条件、时空变化、水化学等进行了较系统的研究，并把岩溶水资源分为湘西北、湘中和湘南三大岩溶水资源区，并对其开发利用进行了探讨。  相似文献   

从铜的地球化学行为探讨常宁铜鼓塘富铜矿床的成因     

陈鸿达  谭海明 《湖南地质》1991,(4)

常宁铜鼓塘富铜(银铀)矿床,以Ⅵ号主矿体为代表,具有以辉铜矿为主的矿物组合。本文根据Cu、(Ag)的地球化学行为,阐述了不同条件下,Cu、Fe与S、O的亲疏倾向,从而形成各矿体独具特色的矿物共生组合特征。进而讨论了矿床的特定成矿环境和典型岩溶成因。最后,笔者综合分析了多种有利成矿因素,指出金鸡岭背斜及其以北地段,是普查同类型富铜矿床的远景地区。  相似文献   

Speleogenesis in aeolian calcarenite: A case study in western Victoria     

S. White 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(4):248-255

Most studies of karst landscapes and their processes have been concerned with consolidated, often well-jointed limestones. There are particular problems involved in the study of karst procesess in softer, less-compact limestones such as chalk, coral reefs, and aeolian calcarenite. Previous studies in aeolian calcarenite indicated these problems and a scheme was developed of speleogenesis in aeolian calcarenite. A study of karst processes in aeolian calcarenite at Bats Ridge in western Victoria has developed this scheme further. The karst features and processes at Bats Ridge are an integral part of the landscape of a mid-Pleistocene calcarenite dune system. The resolution of problems of the rapid subaerial speleogenesis in the area is achieved by the synthesis of the known karst features of the ridge and the geology and geomorphology of the area. Karst development on this aeolianite ridge depends on lithological conditions as well as the availability of aggressive water capable of solution. The diagenesis of the calcarenite is occurring now and must have been occurring by the mid-Pleistocene. This simultaneous lithification of the carbonate dunes into aeolian calcarenite rock and the development of solutional karst features in the dunes is the characteristic feature of the speleogenesis in this area. It is the formation of a hardened kankar layer (cap rock) in the dunes of sufficient compressive and tensile strength to support cavities, which is the result of these interrelated factors, that has strongly determined the formation of the karst features.  相似文献   

Karst terranes and environmental aspects     

F. A. Assaad  H. Jordan 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(3):228-237

Karst is a complex geological phenomenon that relates to terranes composed of limestone, dolomites, gypsum, halite, or other soluble rocks. Protection of groundwater in karst against pollution is needed because of the high velocity of its flow (several hundreds of thousands of meters per day) and where polluted materials are carried without being filtered. Protection of karstic aquifers against pathogens and rapidly degradable chemicals is carried out for the catchment areas with an estimated delay time of 60 days and for a distance of more than 30 m. Tracer methods have recently become quite useful in karst regions; a tracer may respond as a multiimpulse because of different flow lines, flow velocities, and water aquifers. Therefore, if a total water balance has to be established, nearly all answer-back impulses should be considered.  相似文献   

The South-East Karst Province of South Australia     

K. G. Grimes 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(2):134-148

The South-East Karst Province of South Australia is an extensive area of low relief with dolines, cenotes, uvalas, and a variety of cave types developed in the soft, porous, flat-lying Tertiary Gambier Limestone and also as syngenetic karst in the overlying calcarenite dunes of the Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation. The most spectacular surface karst features are the large collapse dolines, especially those that extend below the water table to form cenotes. Shallow swampy hollows occur in superficial Quaternary sediments. These are an enigmatic feature of the Bool Region, where all gradations appear to occur between definite karst dolines and nonkarstic hollows. Some depressions may be polygenetic—involving a combination of: (1) primary depositional hollows on coastal flats or in dune fields, (2) deflation, and (3) karst solution and subsidence. There are extensive underwater cave systems in the southern part of the province, and the bulk of the cave development there may well lie below the present water table, although these systems would have been at least partly drained during the lower sea levels of the last glacial period. Systematic variations within the province reflect differences in the parent rock types, the extent and nature of the cover and, most importantly, the hydrology—in particular the depth to the water table and its gradient.  相似文献   

浅析北方红粘土对碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田级生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1986,(3)

北方碳酸盐岩发育的红色风化壳大都是第Ⅰ、Ⅱ间冰期湿热气候条件下溶蚀与风化作用的结果,形成硅铝—铁型风化壳。风化壳中红粘土化学成分R_2O_3(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)含量达20—30％。当降水或地表水的垂直下渗、红粘土的氢离子浓度加大,溶蚀性增强,沿红粘土和碳酸盐岩接触面产生溶蚀作用,形成石芽、溶沟、溶槽、溶痕等岩溶地形,并在它们的表面保留有红粘土痕迹。  相似文献   

Comparison of the results of quantitative and non-quantitative tracer tests for determination of Karst conduit networks: An example from the Traligill Basin,Scotland     

P. L. Smart  T. C. Atkinson  I. M. S. Laidlaw  M. D. Newson  S. T. Trudgill 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1986,11(3):249-261

The relative advantages of fluorescent dyes and Lycopodium spores as tracers are discussed. The major advantage of fluorescent dyes is that they may be detected quantitatively. Thus, in combination with discharge measurements, a dye mass balance can be prepared for tracer tests in karst conduits, which permits elucidation of the underground network. The advantages of this procedure are illustrated by comparison of the networks derived from non-quantitative (Lycopodium and dye) and quantitative (fluorescent dye) tracer methods in the Traligill Basin, Scotland. These tests also suggest that Lycopodium does not give a true indication of travel time, due to sedimentation underground. This could also cause contamination problems in later tests. For non-quantitative tracer tests, sensitive methods are necessary if incorrect inferences on conduit networks are to be avoided. In general, however, quantitative tests give much less ambiguous results, and are therefore to be preferred.  相似文献   

Fractals in Karst     

Martin Laverty 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(5):475-480

The analysis of cave survey data is used to establish that cave length exhibits fractal (self-similar) behaviour, with dimensions in the range 1–1·5, over a range of measurement resolutions from 1 to 100 m. It is suggested that fractal dimensions, together with their range of applicability, will prove to be useful parameters for the study of caves.  相似文献