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21.
22.
三峡库区高切坡致灾因素及防护对策——以重庆市万州区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三峡库区百万移民的搬迁建设导致大量高切坡的形成。未及时治理或治理不当的高切坡,不同程度地发生破坏,影响了人们的正常生活,甚至引发了地质灾害。因此,科学认识及治理高切坡十分必要。重庆市万州区高切坡主要有风化及差异风化、崩塌和土体滑塌等破坏形式。影响破坏的因素主要为工程地质条件、气候及时间效应。针对高切坡不同的破坏形式,以安全、经济及环境和谐的人文理念作为设计指导思想,充分论证了高切坡的防护方案,即:削坡、排水以及格构防护较适合万州区高切坡的防护。这些措施,既能很好地解决高切坡的防护问题,又能兼顾环保、降低造价。研究结果可以作为三峡地区高切坡类地质灾害防护设计的参考。也可为其它流域类似问题借鉴。 相似文献
23.
三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡成因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章通过对三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡的地质、结构及变形特征研究以及稳定性分析,阐明了该滑坡成因和影响因素。研究发现,滑坡活动主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、人类工程活动以及降雨等因素的影响。运用剩余推力法对比分析天然及暴雨条件下不同层位的滑坡稳定性系数,得出在暴雨作用下滑坡表层滑带稳定性系数最小,不同滑带的稳定性受降雨的影响也各不相同,呈表层〉浅层〉深层的规律;这主要受滑带土的粘土矿物组分的影响。 相似文献
24.
钢筋混凝土桩网复合地基是一种新的地基处理技术。本文对适用于钢筋混凝土桩网复合地基沉降计算的方法进行探讨。 相似文献
25.
三峡库区地质灾害易损性模糊综合评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
地质灾害是灾害危险性对承灾体易损性综合作用的结果,减灾应从减少地质灾害的发生频率和降低其易损性入手,限于目前的科学水平,人们难以改变地质灾害的发生过程,那么降低地质灾害易损性就成为减灾的重要措施,因此进行灾害易损性评价就显得尤为重要。本文以三峡库区为研究区,选取人口密度、国内生产总值密度等指标,运用模糊综合评判对其进行了定量评估。由于各指标因子在地质灾害易损性中的作用具有模糊性,因此运用模糊模型进行评价具有一定的意义。将库区地质灾害易损性程度划分为4个等级,研究结果表明,三峡库区地质灾害易损性程度总体较高。易损度较高的地区应强化减灾意识、调整人口结构以及加大防灾投入,以降低本地区的地质灾害易损性。 相似文献
26.
湖南煤炭坝矿区岩溶水害特征及防治对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘北虎 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(2):18-23
煤炭坝矿区是全国闻名的大水矿区,矿区最大涌水量已超过12000m^3/h,年排水费用达1.2亿元,吨煤成本达150元,并呈上升趋势,严重影响了煤矿的安全生产。本文在详细论述煤炭坝矿区水文地质特征的基础上提出了切实可行的治理思路,治理方法,并进行了效益预测。对矿区防治水患具有指导性作用。 相似文献
27.
28.
Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota,USA 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Environmental tracers sampled from the carbonate Madison aquifer on the eastern flank of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA indicated the approximate locations of four major karst conduits. Contamination issues are a major concern because these conduits are characterized by direct connections to sinking streams, high groundwater velocities, and proximity to public water supplies. Objectives of the study were to estimate approximate conduit locations and assess possible anthropogenic influences associated with conduits. Anomalies of young groundwater based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and electrical conductivity (EC) indicated fast moving, focused flow and thus the likely presence of conduits. δ18O was useful for determining sources of recharge for each conduit, and nitrate was a useful tracer for assessing flow paths for anthropogenic influences. Two of the four conduits terminate at or near a large spring complex. CFC apparent ages ranged from 15 years near conduits to >50 years in other areas. Nitrate-N concentrations >0.4 mg/L in groundwater were associated with each of the four conduits compared with concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 0.4 mg/L in other areas. These higher nitrate-N concentrations probably do not result from sinking streams but rather from other areas of infiltration. 相似文献
29.
Evaluation of distributed recharge in an upland semi-arid karst system: the West Bank Mountain Aquifer,Middle East 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Assessment of recharge in a structurally complex upland karst limestone aquifer situated in a semi-arid environment is difficult. Resort to surrogate indicators such as measurement of spring outflow and borehole discharge, is a common alternative, and attempts to apply conventional soil moisture deficit analysis may not adequately account for the intermittent spate conditions that arise in such environments. A modelling approach has been made using the West Bank Mountain Aquifer system in the Middle East as a trial. The model uses object oriented software which allows various objects to be switched on and off. Each of the main recharge processes identified in the West Bank is incorporated. The model allows either conventional soil moisture deficit analysis calculations or wetting threshold calculations to be made as appropriate, and accommodates both direct recharge and secondary recharge. Daily time steps enable recharge and runoff routing to be calculated for each node. Model runs have enabled a series of simulations for each of the three aquifer basins in the West Bank and for the whole of the West Bank. These provide recharge estimates comparable to those prepared by earlier workers by conventional means. The model is adaptable and has been successfully used in other environments. 相似文献
30.
This paper presents an application of rock engineering system (RES) in an attempt to reveal and assess the inherent instability
potential of 388 sites where equivalent landslides have been manifested and recorded in the region of Karditsa County, Greece.
The main objective has been defining the principal causative and triggering factors responsible for the manifestation of landslide
phenomena, quantify their interactions, obtain their weighted coefficients, and calculate the instability index, which refers
to the inherent potential instability of each natural slope of the examined region. From the statistical interpretation of
the data reported in a well-documented database and concerning the examined failure sites, a clear correlation between the
instability index and the area affected by a single landslide event has been revealed. Almost the entire failure sites, 98%
of the examined slope sites, exhibit an instability index value over 55, a value which is thought to be a critical threshold
for landslide manifestation concerning natural slopes in Karditsa County. It is argued that the presented RES methodology,
engaging the selected set of parameters, could be considered as an effective expert's tool for ranking, in an objectively
optimal and simple way, the instability potential of natural slopes in Karditsa County, and thus providing a tool for sound
zoning landslide hazard. 相似文献