镇江“三山”风景区旅游碳排放测度研究     

王志民 《地域研究与开发》2016,(1):156-161

旅游景区碳排放测度对实现景区的低碳化发展有着重要的理论意义和现实指导意义。基于旅游业构成和生命周期评价2个维度,构建了旅游景区碳排放测度分析框架和估算方法。以镇江"三山"风景区为例,分别对景区内交通、住宿、餐饮、购物、娱乐、管理和废弃物处理7个方面的碳排放进行测度,分析了碳排放构成的成因。结果表明:2014年"三山"风景区的碳排放总量为4 530.33 t。其中,景区交通碳排放量为2 186.74 t,占景区总碳排放的48.27%,是景区旅游碳排放最多的部门;景区住宿业碳排放量为1 171.93 t,餐饮碳排放量为838.14 t,分别占景区碳排放总量的25.87%和18.50%,这3个部门的碳排放占景区碳排放总量的92.64%。由此可见,旅游交通、住宿和餐饮碳排放是"三山"风景区的主要旅游碳源。在"三山"风景区实现低碳化发展中应从建立城市低碳交通体系、饭店和餐馆的绿色化、加强景区碳汇保护和智慧景区建设等多方面入手。  相似文献   

北京岩溶水系统划分及特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晓红  刘久荣  辛宝东  叶超  沈媛媛 《城市地质》2016,(3):8-15

岩溶水是北京市重要的战略后备水源,在城市供水方面发挥了重大作用,岩溶水系统划分对于掌握岩溶水资源、合理开发利用岩溶水是至关重要的。本文结合地质构造、地形地貌、水文地质条件,考虑含水岩组的连续性、不同级别地表水分水岭、地质构造的水文地质性质,将北京地区划分为3个一级岩溶水系统、7个二级岩溶水系统、16个三级岩溶水系统。其中隐伏型岩溶水系统无裸露的可溶岩或零星分布,天然资源少,地下水径流方向主要受开采影响,与上覆孔隙水有密切的水力联系。山前型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区和平原,岩溶水天然补给资源丰富,含水层厚度大、分布广,调蓄能力强,开发利用程度高,排泄区有明显的阻水边界,储水能力强。山区型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区,地下水向河谷、低洼处径流,排泄速度快,储存能力差,开采井零星分布,开发利用程度低。  相似文献   

宁镇地区下志留统高家边组富有机质页岩孔隙结构          下载免费PDF全文

李晋宁  姚素平  孙超  丁海 《高校地质学报》2016,22(1):159

通过氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜、小角X射线散射及低温氮气吸附实验,对宁镇地区下志留统仑山5井等高家边组底部富有机质泥页岩孔隙结构进行分析,为下扬子区下志留统富有机质泥页岩的储层评价提供依据。研究表明:高家边组富有机质泥页岩含有大量的纳米级孔隙,包括有机质孔、矿物粒间孔、矿物粒内孔、微裂缝等,孔径分布复杂;优势孔径分布为介孔段,孔隙直径主要为2~50 nm。影响孔径分布的主要因素是矿物组成,脆性矿物和黏土矿物对微孔和介孔都有一定的影响,而有机质含量对泥页岩总体孔隙特征的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

Contamination risk of the Alburni Karst System (Southern Italy)     

Daniela Ducci  Giuseppe De Masi  Giuseppe Delli Priscoli   《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):109

The Alburni massif (1742m a.s.l.) stretches NW–SE, about 23km long and 9–10km wide, covering 246km² with an average elevation of about 940m a.s.l. This massif, with more than 500 caves, is the most important karst area in southern Italy. The karst channel network is hierarchically organized: some channels feed a major spring (1m³/s) with a very short transit time while others communicate directly with the basal water table related to other springs (Q > 3m³/s).There are several dolines and swallow holes just above the basal water table and in the urbanized areas; for years a swallow hole directly transferred pollutants into the aquifer. The contamination vulnerability map shows that the prevalent vulnerability degree ranges from high to very high, due to the widespread karstification of the area and to the presence, on the plateau, of large vegetated areas with gentle slopes favouring fast infiltration.Hence it is important to ascertain the human impact on the area and the consequent contamination risk of the aquifer of the Alburni karst area. Three main layers were created to assess groundwater contamination risk: the vulnerability map, the hazard map, and the value map.The groundwater contamination risk map stresses the importance in a park area of aquifer vulnerability, which strongly influences the risk: indeed, the prevalent moderate degree of risk in the final map depends on the high vulnerability and the low hazard degree. However, in the future it is crucial to take into account the nature of the agricultural land use allowed in the park, which could increase the hazard degree and consequently the risk degree.  相似文献   

Sinkhole distribution in a rapidly developing urban environment: Hillsborough County, Tampa Bay area, Florida   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

R. Brinkmann  M. Parise  D. Dye 《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):169

Sinkhole formation in Florida is a common event. The Florida karst plain is significantly altered by human development and sinkholes cause considerable property damage throughout much of the state. We present in this paper a morphometric analysis of karst depressions in the Tampa Bay area, and the relation with the known distribution of sinkholes. We selected the Tampa Bay area because it is particularly susceptible to the evolution of karst depressions in relation with development of the built-up environment. Karst depressions were mapped from the 1:24,000 USGS topographic maps and a morphometric analysis was performed by using parameters such as shape, circularity index, perimeter, area, length, width, and orientation. Maps showing the distribution of depression density, and the sectors with greatest areas of karst depression were produced using a GIS. These results were compared with data compiled from the database of sinkhole occurrences in Florida maintained by the Florida Geological Survey. Our analysis demonstrates that the distribution of new sinkhole occurrences differs from the distribution of existing sinkholes, indicating that there are processes acting today that are influencing karst landscape formation that are different from those acting in the past.  相似文献   

Daytime deposition and nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate controlled by submerged plants in a karst spring-fed pool: insights from high time-resolution monitoring of physico-chemistry of water   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Zaihua Liu  Xiangling Liu  Changjun Liao 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(6):1159-1168

Water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and specific conductivity (spc) were measured in a time interval of 15 min in a karst spring and the spring-fed pool with flourishing submerged plants in Guilin, SW China under dry weather for periods of 2 days. Measurements allowed calculation of calcium and bicarbonate concentrations ([Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻]), and thus CO₂ partial pressure ( ) and saturation index of calcite (SIc). Results show that there were not any diurnal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the water for the spring. However, during daytime periods, pool water decreased to far less than the spring water in a few hours, pH and SIc increased to greater than the spring, and [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] decreased to less than the spring. During nighttime periods, pool water returned to or even increased to greater than the spring, pH and SIc decreased to less than the spring, and [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] increased to greater than the spring. The decrease in [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] to less than the spring during daytime periods implies daytime deposition of calcium carbonate, while the increase in [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] to greater than the spring during nighttime periods implies nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate. The direction of the observed changes depended essentially on the illumination, indicating that daytime photosynthetic and nighttime respiratory activities in the pool aquatic plant ecosystem, which were further evidenced by the increase and decrease in DO during daytime and nighttime periods respectively, were the main processes involved. The large variations of the components of the carbonate system imply considerable changes of the capacities of CO₂ and O₂ in water. The finding has implications for water sampling strategy in slow-flowing karst streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, where aquatic plant ecosystem may flourish.  相似文献   

Flow and solute transport monitoring in the karst aquifer in SW Slovenia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Trček 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):269-276

The role of the unsaturated zone in the karst aquifer hydraulic behaviour was brought into focus in these studies of the catchment of the Hubelj spring (SW Slovenia). The variations of natural tracers in precipitation and in groundwater during a summer storm event made it possible to trace local flow and solute transport in the observed aquifer. The results produced data on the aquifer recharge, storage and discharge processes, as well as on mechanisms that affected them, which reflects a karst groundwater dynamics also at a regional scale. They point out the significance of effects of the fast preferential flow—epiflow that is the main factor controlling solute/contaminant transport towards the aquifer saturated zone. Numerous arguments indicate that the karst aquifer flow and solute transport mechanisms depend on the hydraulic behaviour of the epikarst zone.  相似文献   

岩溶缝洞系统地下水系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓英尔  贾疏源  黄润秋  李扬红 《地球科学进展》2008,23(5):489-494

通过现场调查,获得了研究区岩溶裂隙与溶洞的发育特征;根据此特征,提出了变流量连通试验方法,并与示踪连通试验方法结合,进行了岩溶缝洞系统连通试验,分别测试了观测点流量与水样电导率随时间的变化。结果表明：研究区的岩溶裂隙与溶洞较发育;变流量连通试验方法和示踪连通试验方法相结合,可以确定岩溶缝洞系统地下水系与流体流动途径,为合理开发岩溶区地下水资源与确保水利水电等工程安全提供科学依据。  相似文献   

杭州市环西湖覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷成因及预防   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许领  金艳丽  简中华  梁河  吴守富  WU Shou-fu 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(1):36-39

覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷是西湖风景区潜在的工程地质问题之一。本文根据杭州市环西湖覆盖型岩溶地区多年水位观测资料和岩溶水开采强度资料,从时间上把岩溶水开采历史概化为3个阶段。不同开采阶段地下水位动态变化特征不同,因此岩溶地面塌陷表现为不同的塌陷形式,具有不同的成因机制。分析表明：研究区岩溶地面塌陷机制经历了扰动一压密、渗透一潜蚀、真空吸蚀3个演变阶段。本文根据研究区岩溶地面塌陷成因类型和现阶段岩溶水开采情况,提出岩溶地面塌陷预防措施。  相似文献   

Heat flow in the Altai-Sayan Area: new data     

L.S. Sokolova  A.D. Duchkov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2008,49(12):940-950

Eleven new estimates of heat flow (q) from the southern Altai-Sayan Folded Area (ASFA) have provided update to the heat flow map of Gorny Altai. Measured heat flow in the area varies from 33 to 90 mW/m², with abnormal values of >70 mW/m^q at four sites. The anomalies may have a deep source only at the Aryskan site in the East Sayan (q = 77 mW/m²) while high heat flows of 75–90 mW/m² obtained for the Mesozoic Belokurikha and Kalguty plutons appear rather to result from high radiogenic heat production in granite, which adds a 25–30 W/m² radiogenic component to a deep component of 50–60 mW/m². The latter value is consistent with heat flow estimates derived from helium isotope ratios (54 mW/m² in both plutons). Heat flow variations at other sites are in the range from 33 to 60 mW/m². The new data support the earlier inferences of a generally low heat flow over most of ASFA (average of 45–50 mW/m²) and of a “cold” Cenozoic orogeny in the area (except for southeastern ASFA), possibly driven by shear stresses associated with India indentation into Eurasia.  相似文献