抗震救灾过程中人才聚集效应探析——以汶川8.0级地震和玉树7.1级地震为例     

张敏  陈万明 《华南地震》2010,30(2):54-60

人才聚集效应是人才聚集现象从量变到质变的过程,是在一定的时间和空间范围内,在和谐环境下,相关人才按照一定的相互联系相对集中在一起产生超过各自独立作用的效用。在汶川8.0级地震和青海玉树7.1级地震的抗震救灾过程中,人才聚集效应发挥了不可磨灭的作用,无数的生命被及时挽救,巨大的灾情得到有效的缓解。综合"物理空间"和"虚拟空间"两个角度,从人才规模、人才配置和激励因素等方面,就我国抗震救灾中人才聚集效应的发挥进行了研究,为人才聚集效应理论提供借鉴。  相似文献   

山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵晓丽  易玲  张增祥  汪潇  刘斌 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(1):95-102

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对山西省20世纪80年代到2005年的土地覆盖进行了动态监测,并分析了土地覆盖的变化特征及其驱动因子;监测表明,山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征:(1)变化数量:城镇建设用地和农村聚落面积增加显著,草地有所增加;旱地和水浇地减少明显,森林和河湖滩地略有减少。(2)变化速度:城镇建设用地增速迅猛,沼泽和农村聚落面积增速较快;河湖滩地减少速度最快,其次,是旱地和水浇地减少速度较快。(3)空间转换:以农田和聚落之间的转换为主,另外城镇建设用地的增加包括其扩展融入的农村聚落等;典型草地的增加主要来自旱地;灌丛减少主要是转变成典型草地,其次是转变成灌丛草地;河湖滩地减少主要是变为内陆水体,再是转变成水浇地。驱动力分析表明,区域自然因素相对稳定,对土地覆盖变化的影响较小,人口、经济、农业结构调整、政策和交通等是山西省土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力。山西省土地覆盖变化的总体特征与区域经济发展、产业布局及其工业化、城市化演变的特征基本一致。  相似文献   

轴压下两体力学模型的转化条件及影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

易成  朱红光  王洪涛  刘征  潘宏 《岩土力学》2011,32(5):1297-1302

接触界面的相互作用是影响工程稳定的重要因素,基于接触面两侧介质的实际受力状态,采用一体两介质力学模型与两体两介质力学模型加以描述。通过一体和两体模型试件的轴压破坏试验,分析了两种模型的力学响应的差异,并认为：一体两介质力学模型在符合一定条件情况下可以转变为两体两介质力学模型。此外,还对影响两种力学模型性能的参数进行了分析。提出对一体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的参量是低强度介质与高强度介质的静载极限强度比k以及两种介质之间的黏结力c;对两体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的主要参量除了k之外,尚有两种介质的断裂韧度比? 、体积比? 以及界面的粗糙程度  相似文献   

松嫩平原湿地分布变化与影响因素分析     

刘强  马宏伟  田辉  安志娴 《地质与资源》2010,19(1):76-80

近20年来松嫩平原生态环境发生了巨大变化,湿地退化加剧是生态环境变化的重要表现之一.利用1986年（TM）和2001年（ETM）卫星遥感影像数据和RS-GIS集成技术,对松嫩平原湿地的现状和变化趋势进行了量化分析.结果表明,在过去的15年中,松嫩平原湿地面积减少了658 042 hm²,减少了38.81%.平均每年减少43 869 hm²,年均减少速率2.59%.其中地表水体减少127 429 hm²,减少了22.81%;沼泽减少530 612 hm²,减少了46.67%.降水减少,蒸发加大,水资源开发过大以及过度放牧、围垦湿地是湿地退化的主要原因.  相似文献   

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRACTAL FACTORS AND TECTONIC ACTIVITY——A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHWESTERN YUNNAN BLOCK          下载免费PDF全文

SHI Feng  HE Hong-lin  Alexander L Densmore  BI Li-si  WEI Zhan-yu 《地震地质》2016,38(4):862-873

Geomorphology could record long-term accumulation of tectonic movement and quantify it by relevant parameters.But because the influences of other factors such as climate and lithology,how to use the relevant parameters to reveal the relationship between geomorphology and tectonics is a research hot spot.In this paper,we utilize the variogram method and the cellular fractal model to estimate parameters such as the fractal dimension (D) and ordinate intercept (γ) from the SRTM3 DEM using a moving window operation.We compare the distribution characteristics of the parameters in different climate and lithology.The results indicate that the correlation between the parameters and lithology or climate is very poor.The fractal dimension (D) reveals a very good correlation with tectonics,which is low in tectonically inactive areas and high in active areas.It implies that fractal dimension (D) may be a new method for research of regional tectonic movement.  相似文献   

Morphology,structure and kinematics of a rainfall controlled slow‐moving Andean landslide,Peru          下载免费PDF全文

Swann Zerathe  Pascal Lacroix  Denis Jongmans  Jersy Marino  Edu Taipe  Marc Wathelet  Walter Pari  Lionel Fidel Smoll  Edmundo Norabuena  Bertrand Guillier  Lucile Tatard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(11):1477-1493

The large slow‐moving landslide of Maca is located in the upper Colca valley (southern Peru), a region characterized by a well pronounced rainy period, and intense and recurrent sustained seismicity. The landslide, developed in deep lacustrine deposits, has recently accelerated, threatening the Maca village. This work aims at understanding the rupture mechanism and the causes of the recent landslide reactivation/acceleration. We present a multidisciplinary characterization of the Maca landslide that includes: (i) geological and morphological mapping in the field; (ii) remote sensing analysis using an historical aerial photograph of 1955 and the Pléiades satellite images (2013); (iii) global positioning system (GPS) including time‐series of surveys over 13 years, and continuous measurements over 14 months; (iv) a geophysical campaign with deep electrical resistivity tomography profiles acquired across the landslide mass. Our study shows that this 60 Mm³ landslide, which can be classified as a clay/silt compound landslide, moved by 15 m between 2001 and 2014 with a large inter‐annual velocity variation (up to a factor of 500) depending on the rainfall intensity. We suggest that these dramatic changes in velocity are the result of the combination of a threshold mechanism and the short intense rainy season in Peru. This study reveals three main driving factors acting at different timescales: (i) over several decades, the river course has significantly changed, causing the Maca landslide reactivation in the 1980s due to the erosion of its toe; (ii) at the year scale, a minimum amount of rainfall is required to trigger the motion and this amount controls the landslide velocity; (iii) transient changes in slide velocity may occur anytime due to earthquakes. This study particularly highlights the non‐linear behaviour of the motion with rainfall. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Allocating agricultural production factors: A scenario-based modeling of wheat production in Shandong Province,China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

We aim to determine the effects of agricultural factors input per hectare on wheat production, and to optimize the allocation of wheat production factors under three scenarios and in different operating modes. Data were collected from 204 farming households using a face-to-face questionnaire. The sampled farms were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. We find fertilizer cost, irrigation cost and machinery cost all positively and significantly affect the per-unit-area wheat production, indicating the labor cost is not the major driving factor on wheat yield increment. Multi-object optimization model is used to allocate the production factors per hectare. We find under the Business as usual (BAU) scenario, the irrigation cost per-hectare wheat production after optimization in 2014 grows at a rate of 24.31% and accounts for 14.9% of total input. Under the Cooperate Environmental Sustainability (CES) scenario, the fertilizer and pesticide costs after optimization drop significantly by 42.83% and 21.41%, respectively. Under the Rapid Benefit Growth (RBG) scenario, the irrigation cost after optimization increase by 2.56% and the fertilizer cost increases by 4.69% compared with the surveyed data. Comparison of optimized data among three operating modes shows that the labor costs at household farm and cooperative farm both increase significantly. Cooperative farms are more successful in production factor use efficiency and economic performance. In conclusion, wheat production at different operating modes could be improved so as to constitute more efficient and economic use of production factors.  相似文献   

地震监测中环境因素对精密水准观测影响分析     

孙启凯  池国民  许明远  徐东卓 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(3):625-632

区域精密水准测量在地震监测中发挥了重要的作用,但是由于其作业范围广、观测周期长,容易受外界复杂多变的环境因素影响。目前对环境因素的影响分析大多是定性描述,缺乏实验观测数据的支撑。针对这一问题,选取大约2000km区域精密水准观测数据,结合观测环境资料,统计分析不同环境因素对观测成果的影响程度,并提出了相应的改进措施。  相似文献   

2000-2013年甘肃敦煌市土地利用变化及其驱动因素分析     

杨绮丽  何政伟 《冰川冻土》2016,38(2):558-566

将2000、2005、2010和2013年的土地利用类型数据与GIS技术结合,获取了甘肃省敦煌市近年来土地利用类型动态变化特征,并结合该地区的2000年以来社会经济和自然环境的资料,分析土地利用类型变化的驱动因素.结果表明：在2000-2013年期间,敦煌市城市化发展迅速,耕地、建设用地和水域面积明显增加,2000-2013年的14建分别增长了10.0%、42.2%和2.5%;草地和未利用土地面积呈减少趋势,分别减少了2.1%和0.1%;林地、沙地变化程度较小. 7种土地利用类型之间相互转换,主要的转移方向为草地、未利用土地向耕地转移,未利用土地向建设用地和水域转变.对影响土地利用变化的而主要驱动因素进行主成分分析,结果显示经济发展、国家政策等人类活动为主要的影响因素,自然因素为辅.  相似文献   

基于土地集约利用水平的城市热岛效应影响因子分析     

哈尚辰  阿里木江&#  卡斯木 《冰川冻土》2016,38(1):270-278

利用乌鲁木齐市1990年8月6日、2001年7月11日和2013年7月4日三期热红外遥感数据,定量反演亮度温度,利用均值-标准差法对温度进行分级后评价城市热岛效应时间变化特征:1990、2001、2013年3个时段,乌鲁木齐市最大热岛强度分别为11.48℃,12.06℃和14.01℃;加权平均热岛强度分别为1.033℃,1.603℃,1.236℃;城市热岛比例指数分别为0.1054,0.3945和0.4328;乌鲁木齐市城市热岛效应在平均水平上呈现先增强、后减弱的趋势,最大热岛强度、热岛比例指数均增加,城市已初步形成区域内的"热岛",城市高温区温度将继续上升且面积存在扩展趋势.利用PSR模型构建指标体系对城市土地集约利用水平进行评价,在同时段内乌鲁木齐市城市土地集约利用水平和协调性均在提高.从评价结果出发,通过相关分析,得出基于土地集约利用的城市热岛效应影响因子包括:人口密度、建成区绿地覆盖率、地均国民生产总值、人均建设用地面积、人均道路铺装面积、地均固定资产投资,这些因子涵盖了经济、社会、环境三个方面.  相似文献