南极洲乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽冰芯火山喷发记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

韩建康  谢自楚  戴枫年  张万昌 《极地研究》1999,11(4):255-263

矿物和结构分析揭示了南极洲乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽一支 80 .2 m冰芯中的 9层深褐色沉积物的火山灰特征。本文从冰川处于稳定状态的假定出发 ,根据 Dansgaard- Johnsen流动模式断代结果 ,建立了南设得兰群岛火山喷发序列。依冰芯记录判断 ,该区 1 650年以来的 340年间 ,共有 7轮火山喷发。1 875～ 1 92 5年间似为火山活跃期 ,喷发地点可能主要在欺骗岛 ;1 650～ 1 80 0年间为一相对平静期 ;此后一个世纪不太稳定 ;而过去的 1 0 0年间基本平静 ,只是世纪初和 50～ 70年代间各有一段动荡期。冰芯中记载的大多数火山喷发可在该区有关文献中找到记录。没有记录在案的几例喷发事件需进一步调查。冰芯中缺失 1 967～ 1 970年欺骗岛火山灰层位表明 ,研究得到的火山序列仍未包含所有的喷发事件。但本文展示的该区过去 340年间火山活动基本趋势并不因此而改变。  相似文献   

Evaluating sediment yield at King Talal Reservoir from landslides along Irbid–Amman Highway     

Mohanned S. Al-Sheriadeh  Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi  Ashraf Al-Hamdan  Nabil S. Abderahman 《Engineering Geology》2000,56(3-4):361-372

With a capacity of 86 MCM, King Talal Reservoir is considered a major water supply in Jordan. It was built exclusively to irrigate the land in the Jordan Valley. Unexpectedly, the design capacity of the reservoir was confronted by the elevated sediment inflows during and after the construction of the Irbid–Amman Highway in 1987. Since then the annual sediment inflow measured at the mouth of the reservoir was higher than expected in a similar year. Notably, the over-wet season of 1991/2, as a result of six major landslides along the highway, registered the highest sediment inflow into the reservoir. In the present work the fractional contribution of these landslides to total sediment yield at the reservoir was evaluated. The evaluation was made by applying the well-known erosion model, AGNPS (Young et al., USDA Conservation Research Report 35, 1987). To calibrate the model, it was successively applied from 1980/1 to 1990/1 on the measured sediment data before the occurrence of landslides. With a slight tune-up of some of the King Talal watershed erosion variables, fairly good agreement was obtained in some years. However, the disagreement noticed in other years might be attributed to some conservation measures practised in the watershed. Because the serious landslides occurred in the wet season of 1991/2, the model was run for the two scenarios in this year: with and without landslides. The difference in results represents the contribution of landslides to sediment yield at the reservoir. It is concluded, based on these results, that landslides, if continued without control, will definitely jeopardize the design capacity of the reservoir.  相似文献   

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛西湖柱状剖面藻类化石与环境演变          下载免费PDF全文

刘清泗  降廷梅 《极地研究》1990,2(2):28-35

根据西湖柱状岩芯样品中藻类化石的分布与含量变化,推测本区在3600年前仍为冰川覆盖;距今3600～3000年前为冰缘浅湖期;3000～1200年前湖水稳定,气候环境相对较好;距今1200年至现代气候略有波动。  相似文献   

南极乔治王岛的地理环境分析：兼论南极地缘政治问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱诚  陈传康 《地理学报》1991,46(3):300-309

作者从地理环境,尤其是气候和资源对航空、航海、科学考察的影响,讨论了南极乔治王岛地区的战略意义。根据对地质基础、矿产、火山活动以及冰川侵蚀历史和地貌现象的讨论,指出该区是研究古气候、古环境、大陆漂移和冰川冰缘地貌的极好场所;并指出该区种类全、数量多且具有南极特征的动植物和奇特的食物链关系,是其成为重要生物资源区和受条约保护的特别科学兴趣场所的主要原因;最后讨论了本区归属问题,认为《南极条约》今后可能继续生效或会制定出类似条约使本区和南极继续成为全人类的共有财富。  相似文献   

Potential for Coal-to-Liquids Conversion in the U.S.-Resource Base     

Gregory D. Croft  Tad W. Patzek 《Natural Resources Research》2009,18(3):173-180

By applying the multi-Hubbert curve analysis to coal production in the United States, we demonstrate that anthracite production can be modeled with a single Hubbert curve that extends to the practical end of commercial production of this highest-rank coal. The production of bituminous coal from existing mines is about 80% complete and can be carried out at the current rate for the next 20 years. The production of subbituminous coal from existing mines can be carried out at the current rate for 40–45 years. Significant new investment to extend the existing mines and build new ones would have to commence in 2009 to sustain the current rate of coal production, 1 billion tons per year, in 2029. In view of the existing data, we conclude that there is no spare coal production capacity of the size required for massive coal conversion to liquid transportation fuels. Our analysis is independent of other factors that will prevent large-scale coal liquefaction projects: the inefficiency of the process and either emissions of greenhouse gases or energy cost of sequestration.

Tad W. PatzekEmail:

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刚果(金)加丹加省堪苏祁铜钴矿床地质特征及找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

王志刚  陈玉华  付小锦  张启军  张宝华  宋小军  陈怀亮  陈丹明 《地质找矿论丛》2012,27(2):206-213

刚果(金)堪苏祁铜钴矿床位于东非大裂谷中段西侧NW向分支内,属于加丹加铜钴铀矿带一部分.该矿床具有2种成矿类型:一种是沉积岩型铜钴矿,以铜为主,伴生钴,铜矿早期受沉积型砂页岩地层的控制,钴矿赋存于韧脆性剪切构造带中,受后期构造的控制,剪切构造面理是钴矿的主要富集场所;另一种是后期伴随韧脆性剪切带生成的热液型钴铜矿,以钴的品位较高为特征.根据成矿地质条件及EH4物探解译成果分析,矿区深部及外围尚有该类型矿床的找矿潜力.  相似文献   

前言--季风研究中的一些新问题和新方法     

曾庆存  赵思雄  林朝晖  薛峰 《气候与环境研究》2005,10(3):281-282

作者对本专辑文章做了综述.第一篇文章报道并考证我们惊喜地发现了世界上最早的关于季风的文献,它是公元前23至前22世纪的帝舜<南风>歌,该歌对东亚夏季风的性状及其对社会民生的影响做出简明深刻的说明.其余文章探讨了季风研究中的一些新问题和新方法以及我们得到的一些新结果.包括3个方面:(1)关于季风的气候问题,如季风定义、季风指数、季风建立日期的确定、季风三维空间结构和时间演变、年际和年代际变化及其刻画等;(2)亚澳季风区的一些灾害性天气系统和过程,如我国、南亚、东南亚的暴雨,以及和越赤道气流相关联的扰动等;(3)对大气环流模式的改进和预报、预测方法的改进.如辐射、云、地表过程的计算改进和气候预测订正方法的更新等.  相似文献   

At the base of Hubbert’s Peak: Grounding the debate on petroleum scarcity     

Emma Hemmingsen 《Geoforum》2010,41(4):531-540

M. King Hubbert’s 1956 prediction of a ‘peak’ in US oil production has spurred a durable and divisive debate on the exhaustion of the petroleum resource. Pitting physical against economic explanations of resource scarcity, the peak oil debate has seemingly sunk into the well-worn grooves of a long history of scarcity debates. Yet, as this paper argues, this ‘stale dichotomy’ can partly be attributed to a severance from the contexts and ideas that informed Hubbert’s mathematical calculations. Specifically, this paper examines the broader influences on the peak oil model: Hubbert’s career in the newly formed field of geophysics; his personal concern with the relationship between energy and population growth; and his ties to Technocracy, Inc., a social movement originating in the US that aimed to replace political and business control with a group of specialist engineers and technicians. The paper further emphasizes the importance of institutional and political interests to the arguments launched against Hubbert, and in motivating change in this opposition over time. Last, it makes the case that the contemporary de-contextualization of Hubbert’s model has contributed towards a narrow focus of discussions within the oil industry and in certain governments on predicting the timing of a global peak, without addressing the wider questions implied by Hubbert’s model.  相似文献   

厦门汽车产业集群创新网络结构与功能研究     

陈玉慧  汪欣彤  郑孟玲 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(1):60-64,98

在知识经济时代,创新是时代的特征,产业集群只有创新才能承受升级的压力,才具有发展的活力;不具备创新能力、无法及时升级的产业集群最终将面临被市场淘汰的命运,而这些追根究底就是集群创新机制的构建问题,集中表现为集群创新网络的构建.从优势企业角度出发,探讨厦门汽车产业基于大金龙集群创新网络的结构和功能.研究发现:虽然以大金龙为核心的厦门汽车产业集群创新网络已经具备雏形,并显现出集聚创新资源、自学习、自增强的功能,但是各个主体之间的联系还不紧密,集群创新网络的其他功能也尚未得到充分发挥.改革现有企业制度,加强主体间的合作联系,将有助于集群网络发挥其他功能.  相似文献   

Hubbert’s petroleum production model: an evaluation and implications for World Oil Production Forecasts     

Alfred J. Cavallo 《Natural Resources Research》2004,13(4):211-221

Following Hubberts successful prediction of the timing of US peak oil production, Hubberts model has been used extensively to predict peak oil production elsewhere. However, forecasts of world and regional peak oil and natural gas production using Hubberts methodology usually have failed, leading to the implicit belief that such predictions always will fail and that we need not worry about finite resources. A careful examination of Hubberts approach indicates that the most important reasons for his success in the US were stable markets, the high growth rate of demand, ready availability of low cost imports, and a reasonable estimate of easily extractable reserves. This analysis also shows that his model cannot predict ultimate oil reserves and that it should be considered an econometric model. Building on Hubberts vital insight, that cheap fossil fuel reserves are knowable and finite, one can state that for world peak oil production, political constraints should be much more important than resource constraints.  相似文献