Constraining tectonic compression processes by reservoir pressure evolution: Overpressure generation and evolution in the Kelasu Thrust Belt of Kuqa Foreland Basin,NW China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Kuqa Foreland Basin (KFB) immediately south of the South Tianshan Mountains is a major hydrocarbon producing basin in west China. The Kelasu Thrust Belt in the basin is the most favorable zone for hydrocarbon accumulations. Widespread overpressures are present in both the Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs with pressure coefficients up to 2.1. The tectonic compression process in KFB resulted from the South Tianshan Mountains uplift is examined from the viewpoint of the overpressure generation and evolution in the Kelasu Thrust Belt. The overpressure evolution in the reservoir sandstones were reconstructed through fluid inclusion analysis combined with PVT and basin modeling. Overpressures at present day in the mudstone units in the Kelasu Thrust Belt and reservoir sandstones of the Dabei Gas Field and the Keshen zone are believed to have been generated by horizontal tectonic compression. Both disequilibrium compaction and horizontal tectonic compression are thought to contribute to the overpressure development at present day in the reservoir of the Kela-2 Gas Field with the reservoir sandstones showing anomalously high primary porosities and low densities from wireline log and core data. The overpressure evolution for the Cretaceous reservoir sandstone in the Kelasu Thrust Belt evolved through four stages: a normal hydrostatic pressure (>12–5 Ma), a rapidly increasing overpressure (∼5–3 Ma), an overpressure release (∼3–1.64 Ma) and overpressure preservation (∼1.64–0 Ma). Overpressure developed in the second stage (∼5–3 Ma) was generated by disequilibrium compaction as tectonic compression due to the uplift of the Tianshan Mountains acted at the northern monocline of KFB from 5 Ma to 3 Ma, which provided abundant sediments for the KFB and caused the anomalously high sedimentation rate during the N₂k deposition. From 3 Ma to 1.64 Ma, the action of tectonic compression extended from the northern monocline to the Kelasu Thrust Belt and returned to the northern monocline of KFB from 1.64 Ma to present day. Therefore, the horizontal tectonic compression was the dominant overpressure mechanism for the overpressure generation in the third stage (∼3–1.64 Ma) and overpressure caused by disequilibrium compaction from 5 Ma to 3 Ma was only preserved in the Kela-2 Gas Field until present day.  相似文献   

Rapid hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in later period in Kelasu thrust belt in Kuqa depression     

Zou HuaYao  Wang HongJun  Hao Fang  Liu GuangDi  Zhang BaiQiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(8):1161-1170

Based on the analyses of generation, migration and accumulation of oil and gas in the structures of Kela 1, Kela 2 and Kela 3 in Kasangtuokai anticlinal belt using a series of geological and geochemical evidence, this paper proposes that the rapid rate of hydrocarbon generation, main drain path for over-pressured fluid flow and converging conduit system are indispensable conditions for the rapid, late-stage gas accumulation in the Kelasu thrust belt in the Kuqa depression. Due to structural over-lapping and the resultant rapid burial, the maturity of the source rocks had been increased rapidly from 1.3 to 2.5% Ro within 2.3 Ma, with an average rate of Ro increase up to 0.539% Ro/Ma. The rapid matura-tion of the source rocks had provided sufficient gases for late-stage gas accumulation. The kelasu structural belt has a variety of faults, but only the fault that related with fault propagation fold and cut through the gypsiferous mudstone cap could act as the main path for overpressured fluid release and then for fast gas accumulation in low fluid potential area. All the evidence from surface structure map, seismic profile explanation, authigenic kaolinite and reservoir property demonstrates that the main drain path related with faults for overpressured fluid and the converging conduit system are the key point for the formation of the giant Kela 2 gas field. By contrast, the Kela 1 and Kela 3 structures lo-cated on both sides of Kela 2 structure, are not favourable for gas accumulation due to lacking con-verging conduit system.  相似文献   

库车坳陷东秋里塔格断裂晚第四纪活动和滑动速率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴传勇  沈军  陈建波  谢天  李军  向志勇  宋正娜  王翠 《地震工程学报》2007,29(2):129-132

东秋里塔格断裂是库车坳陷内活动最为强烈的断裂之一,断错了波斯坦托克拉克河两岸的各级阶地。利用全站仪对河西岸的阶地变形进行了精确测量,得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级阶地形成以来东秋里塔格断裂的垂直断错量分别为12.5 m、20 m和24.5 m,并根据前人资料和区域类比的方法对各级阶地年龄进行了估计,计算得到晚第四纪以来该断裂的平均垂直滑动速率为1 mm/a左右,所引起的地壳缩短速率为(1.97~2.13)mm/a。  相似文献   

库车坳陷第三系泥岩地球化学特征及其对构造背景和物源属性的指示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李双建  王清晨 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(3):219-229

利用碎屑岩地球化学特征判断沉积盆地的构造背景和物源属性是盆地分析的重要手段，也是对利用粗碎屑沉积岩的组分统计判断盆地源区背景的有益补充和验证。对库车坳陷第三系36件泥岩样品的地球化学特征分析表明，主量元素中CaO的含量很高，对其他主量元素以及微量和稀土元素有稀释作用，一些可靠的物源分析指标主要指示了非碳酸盐沉积物的源区性质；REE分布模式与上地壳相似，轻稀土元素富集，Eu负异常，微量元素比值显示源岩以长英质岩石为主。通过K2O／Na20-SiO2以及La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr／10判别图分析，认为源区的构造背景具有类似于岛弧的特征。这一结果与前人所做的砂岩组分的研究结果存在差异，说明板内造山带与其前陆盆地之间在沉积与构造耦合上具有特殊性。  相似文献   

库车前陆盆地与波斯湾盆地盐构造对比研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

万桂梅  汤良杰  金文正  李生青  吴月风 《世界地质》2006,25(1):59-66

通过对库车前陆盆地和波斯湾盆地的盐层发育状况、盐构造特征以及盐构造与油气关系的对比研究,认为盐底辟构造与油气密切相关。库车前陆盆地勘探程度较低,应注重寻找盐底辟构造,以及与其相关的圈闭。库车前陆盆地盐构造的形成机制与波斯湾盆地下法尔斯组/加奇萨兰组相似,与霍尔姆兹组不同。根据波斯湾盆地下法尔斯组/加奇萨兰组盐构造在油气成藏中的作用,认为库车前陆盆地南部盐层较厚的地区应加强盐下勘探的力度,寻找盐下圈闭。北部山前盐层欠发育地区应注重寻找盐上圈闭,同时兼顾盐下圈闭。库车前陆盆地具有良好的三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩,应该有很广阔的勘探前景。  相似文献   

库车坳陷中一新生界碎屑组分对物源类型及其构造属性的指示   总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21  

李忠 王道轩林伟  王清晨 《岩石学报》2004,20(3):655-666

沉积物源分析是认识盆山演化的重要途径。天山南麓库车坳陷不同剖面的砾岩碎屑、砂岩骨架颗粒、碎屑重矿物组分显示，它们的成熟度及演变时限总体可以类比，表明其成因演化主要受控于物源区——(古)天山的构造活动与造山作用。对碎屑沉积记录的综合分析进一步指示，天山物源总体以“再旋回造山带”类型为特征，其演变细节包括五期：①早三叠世古天山继承石炭纪以来的构造挤压和隆升，物源岩石类型主要为沉积岩、中高级变质岩，以“碰撞造山和褶皱冲断带”及“混合造山带”类型为特征；②中三叠世一中侏罗世构造活动较弱，代表高成熟度的“锆石一金红石一电气石”重矿物组合发育，主要物源岩石类型包括变质岩和酸性火山岩，与“弧造山带”以及“混合造山带”类型关系密切；③晚侏罗世一白垩纪，天山开始新一轮的构造挤压隆升，物源岩石类型复杂；④第三纪(特剐是中新世)构造挤压和隆升活动加强，稳定性极差的碎屑“角闪石一辉石”组合增多，物源组分东西分异明显，西部沉积岩相对较多，物源构造属性趋向“碰撞造山和褶皱冲断带”；东部结晶岩相对较多，物源构造属性复杂或以“混合造山带”类型为特征；⑤上新世南天山强烈隆升和向南推进，与前一阶段相比沉积岩物源增多，但物源构造属性基本同上。第④⑤两个阶段砾岩层和不稳定碎屑组合的发育除受控于天山强烈隆升外，可能还与气候环境的频繁变化密切相关。  相似文献   

Neogene deformation of the Kuqa-Tianshan Basin-range System   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Qingchen  Zhang Zhongpei  LIN Wei  Song Wenjie  GUO Hong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

The Neogene deformation of the Kuqa-Tianshan Basin-range System is characterized by discrepancy in paleostress patterns on the basin-range boundary and in the basin interior, and by discrepancy in deformation styles of the basement and the cover. Measurement and paleostress reconstruction of the brittle faults display a stress pattern with NW-SE and/or NNW-SSE extension on the basin margin and NW-SE compression in the basin interior. The basement was cut into blocks separated by boundary faults and upthrusts that were recognized in the seismic reflection profile. The block-faulting could have caused vertical uplift of the basement and gravitational sliding in the overlying sedimentary cover. Theoretical calculation indicates two generations of potential decollement folds within the basin, with one being mudstone in the Triassic Huangshanjie formation and the other the Cenozoic salt-gypsum layers.  相似文献   

新疆库车地区放射虫新资料及其意义   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

刘羽  王乃文  姚建新 《新疆地质》1994,(4)

在新疆库车地区硅质岩地层中发现了丰富的保存良好的放射虫化石，共计１７属３７种，包括一新种。并在此基础上，建立了５个放射虫组合带。该放射虫动物群的多数分子曾见于德国的Ｆｌａｎｄｋｅｎｗａｌｄ地区和美国Ａｌａｓｋａ和Ｏｈｉｏ页岩中以及我国广酉。通过大量资料的分析对比，确定该套放射虫组合时代为晚泥盆世—早石炭世，进而阐述了这套放射虫硅质岩的大地构造意义。  相似文献   

新疆库车盆地中始新世成盐演化特征——以KL4钻孔为例     

徐洋  刘成林  曹养同 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2183-2192

古盐湖成盐演化具有多期次、连续性和淡化—咸化—盐化的周期性特征,系统研究成盐剖面的沉积韵律有利于恢复古盐湖成盐演化特征.本文以库车盆地KL4钻孔含盐系剖面及其74个石盐样品为研究对象,将含盐系剖面划分为4个成盐韵律,在此基础上开展岩相学、石盐元素地球化学以及石盐流体包裹体氢氧同位素分析等工作.结果显示:剖面上部Ⅲ和Ⅳ成盐韵律发育钾石盐、含钾石盐、杂卤石、钾石膏、钾芒硝等盐类矿物;K+含量的分布范围为0.021％～0.158％,平均含量0.051％;石盐原生流体包裹体中氢氧同位素δD和δ18 O值范围分别为-78.2‰～-58.7‰和-2.4‰～1.3‰,平均值分别为-66.32‰和-0.80‰.盐湖卤水从早期到晚期蒸发浓缩程度逐渐升高,早期成盐卤水在晚期高浓度卤水的形成过程扮演了预富集的角色,在Ⅲ和Ⅳ成盐阶段发现3次钾盐析出事件.本研究为探讨库车盆地中始新世古盐湖环境、沉积特征以及成盐规律提供了重要依据.  相似文献   

塔里木河中游典型绿洲盐渍化土壤的反射光谱特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张飞  塔西甫拉提·特依拜  丁建丽  买买提·沙吾提  韩桂红  桂东伟  孙倩 《地理科学进展》2012,31(7):921-932

研究盐渍化土壤的光谱特性是利用遥感技术实现在区域尺度上进行土壤盐渍化监测和评价的工作基础, 是建立地面数据和遥感数据关系的桥梁。本文以塔里木河中游典型绿洲--渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究对象, 采用光谱学技术以及多元统计相结合的方法, 研究干旱区典型绿洲盐渍化土壤的反射光谱特征。首先, 对光谱数据进行预处理(去噪、剔除水分吸收波段), 以便消除仪器本身噪声及外界条件的影响, 并且计算了部分盐渍地样本的光谱吸收特征参数, 说明相同程度的盐渍化土壤具有相似的吸收特征;其次, 研究盐渍化土壤的反射光谱与盐分因子(八大离子、电导率(EC)、含盐量(salt content)、pH、总溶解固体(TDS)等) 之间的关系, 并选择具有代表性的盐分因子与野外实测光谱数据建立定量回归模型, 通过多元线性回归分析得出含盐量、SO₄^2-、TDS、EC与原始光谱数据的相关性分别是0.746、0.908、0.798 和0.933, 达到了理想的效果。本研究对于干旱区典型绿洲盐渍土的光谱特征研究有着重要指示意义, 为发展和完善中国盐渍土理化特征的可见光-近红外反射光谱分析理论奠定科学积累, 并进一步为干旱区土壤盐渍化、沙漠化灾害等环境恶化问题的解决提供新的科学技术手段。  相似文献