ACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANWEISHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Xing-wang  YUAN Dao-yang  ZOU Xiao-bo  LIU Yu 《地震地质》2018,40(1):121-132

The Sanweishan fault is located in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. It is a branch of the Altyn Tagh fault zone which extends to the northwest. A detailed study on Late Quaternary activity characteristics of the Sanwei Shan Fault can help understanding the strain distribution of the Altyn Tagh fault zone and regional seismic activity and northward growth of the Tibetan plateau. Previous research on this fault is insufficient and its activity is a controversial issue. Based on satellite images interpretation, field investigations and geological mapping, this study attempts to characterize this feature, especially its activity during Late Quaternary. Trench excavation and sample dating permit to address this issue, including determination of paleoseismic events along this fault. The results show that the Sanweishan fault is a large-scale active structure. It starts from the Shuangta reservoir in the east, extending southward by Shigongkouzi, Lucaogou, and Shugouzi, terminates south of Xishuigou, with a length of 175km. The fault trends in NEE, dipping SE at angles 50°~70°. It is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip with a component of thrust and local normal faulting. According to the geometry, the fault can be divided into three segments, i.e. Shuangta-Shigongkouzi, Shigongkouzi-Shugouzi and Shugouzi-Xishuigou from east to west, looking like a left-or right-step pattern. Plenty of offset fault landforms appear along the Sanweishan Fault, including ridges, left-lateral strike-slip gullies, fault scarps, and fault grooves. The trench study at the middle and eastern segments of the fault shows its activity during Late Pleistocene, evidenced by displaced strata of this epoch. Identification marks of the paleoearthquakes and sample dating reveal one paleoearthquake that occurred at(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9) ka.  相似文献   

STUDY ON PALEOEARTHQUKES ALONG THE FODONGMIAO-HONGYAZI FAULT,GANSU PROVINCE          下载免费PDF全文

HUANG Xiong-nan  YANG Xiao-ping  YANG Hai-bo 《地震地质》2018,40(4):753-772

The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault is a Holocene active thrust fault, belonging to the middle segment of northern Qilianshan overthrust fault zone, located in the northeastern edge of the Tibet plateau. The Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD occurred on it. A few paleo-seismology studies were carried out on this fault zone. It was considered that four paleoearthquakes occurred on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault between(6.3±0.6) ka BP and(7.4±0.4) ka BP, in(4.3±0.3) ka BP, in(2.1±0.1) ka BP and in 1609 AD. The occurrences of the earthquakes suggested the quasi-periodic characteristic with a quasi-periodic recurrence interval between 1 600~2 500a(Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, State Seismological Bureau. 1993; Liu et al., 2014). There was no direct evidence for the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD from trench research in the previous studies. Great uncertainty exists because of the small number of the chronology data, as a few TL and OSL measurement data and several¹⁴ C data, and it was insufficient to deduce the exact recurrence interval for the paleoearthquakes. Five trenches were excavated and cleared up respectively in the eastern segment, middle segment and western segment along the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault. After detail study on the trench profiles, the sedimentary characteristics, sequence relationship of the stratigraphical units, and fault-cuts in different stratigraphical units were revealed in these five trenches. Four paleoearthquakes in Holocene were distinguished from the five trenches, and geology evidences of the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD were also found. More accurate constraint of the occurring time of the paleo-earthquakes since Holocene on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault is provided by the progressive constraining method(Mao and Zhang, 1995), according to amounts of ¹⁴ C measurement data and OLS measurement data of the chronology samples from different stratigraphical units in the trenches. The first paleoevent, E4 occurred 10.6ka BP. The next event, E3 occurred about 7.1ka BP. The E2 occurred about 3.4ka BP. The last event, E1 is the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD. Abounds of proofs for the occurrences of the events of E1, E2 and E3 were found in the trench Tc1, trench Tc2, trench Tc4 and trench Tc3, located in the eastern, middle and western segments of the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault accordingly. It's considered that the events E1, E2 and E3 may cause whole segment rupturing according to the proofs for these three events found together in individual trenches. The event E4 was only found in the trench Tc5 profile in the west of the Xiaoquan village in the eastern segment of the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault. The earthquake rupture characteristics of this event can't be revealed before more detailed subsequent research. The time intervals among the four paleoearthquakes are ca 3.5ka, ca 3.7ka, and ca 3.0ka. The four events are characterized by ca 3.4ka quasi-periodic recurrence interval.  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF TECTONICS AND CLIMATE ON THE EVOLU-TION OF FLUVIAL TERRACES: A CASE STUDY OF THE HONGSHUIBA AND MAYING RIVERS IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN MOUNTAINS          下载免费PDF全文

TIAN Qing-ying  ZHENG Wen-jun  ZHANG Dong-li  ZHANG Yi-peng  XU Bin-bin  HUANG Liu-ting 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1283-1296

In tectonically active regions, geomorphic features such as fluvial terraces can be interpreted as the consequence of tectonic and climatic forcing. However, deciphering and distinguishing tectonic impacts and climate changes remain a challenge. In this study, we examine the terraces along the Hongshuiba river and Maying river, which flow across the Fudongmiao-Hongyazi fault in the northern margin of the Qilian Mountains. Our purpose is to analyze the relative roles of tectonics and climate in shaping orogenic topography in this area. 8~9 levels of river terraces were identified through field observations, interpretation of satellite images and using DEMs. According to relative heights and ages of T₅ of the Hongshuiba river and T₆ of the Maying river, the incision rates are calculated to be (10.2±2.0)mm/a and (12.2±2.8)mm/a, respectively. Furthermore, the thrust rate along the Fodongmiao-hongyazi fault was determined based on offset terraces and OSL dating, which are ten times less than river incision rates approximately. Comparing the uplift rate and incision rate in the northern margin of the Qilian Mountains and adjacent areas, we inferred that climate change is the most plausible controlling factor in the evolution of the river terraces, while tectonics plays a minor role in this process.  相似文献   

南海北部雾状层分布和特征的地震海洋学研究          下载免费PDF全文

耿明会  宋海斌  关永贤  陈军 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):636-648

利用地震海洋学方法在南海北部陆架和上陆坡区域发现了15个雾状层.这些雾状层的延伸长度从几千米到几十千米,厚度十几米到一百米,其顶界所处水深在135 m至715.5 m范围之间.雾状层在地震海洋学剖面上表现为强反射特征.不同于其他传统声学或光学方法,地震海洋学方法分辨率高,且能在短时间内对整个水体进行成像,可以记录到雾状层的时空变化特征,实现对雾状层的"四维"观测.南海北部上陆坡区域是内孤立波浅化、能量耗散集中的区域,在此过程中内孤立波会导致较大的波致流速,侵蚀海底使得表面沉积物再悬浮,进入水体,形成和维持雾状层的存在.  相似文献   

南北地震带北段主要断层的分区强震危险性评估     

朱航 《中国地震》2017,33(3):374-384

根据时间-震级可预测模式研究中国南北地震带北段断裂系统的地震复发规律,利用历史地震记录和断层滑动速率资料计算得出区域时间可预测统计模型和震级可预测统计模型,并对4个主要潜在震源区在未来10年内的强震复发危险性进行概率评估。计算结果表明,危险性最高为S1区(海原断裂带),其综合危险率K值为0.841,预测下次主震为6.9级;其次为S2区(天桥沟-黄羊川、香山-天景山、六盘山断裂带等),K值为0.480,预测下次主震为6.4级;S3区(祁连山构造带)和S4区(西秦岭构造带)远低于S1和S2区。按照危险程度排序的前2位均位于东祁连山-六盘山构造带。  相似文献   

华北北部地区地壳三维P波速度结构的双差地震层析成像     

杨峰 《地震》2019,39(1):58-71

利用区域固定台站和华北科学探测台阵记录的10 461个近震事件的183 909个Pg波绝对走时和495 753个相对走时数据,采用双差地震层析成像获得华北北部(37.5°～41.5°N,111.5°～119.5°E)范围内的地壳三维P波速度结构模型。结果表明:研究区内各主要构造单元具有明显不同的速度结构特征,速度异常的走向与区域构造的走向一致,浅层速度图像很好地反映了地表地质和岩性的变化;重定位后的大部分地震集中在0～20km的深度上,主要位于低速区的内部或高速和低速区的交界部位;三河—平谷和唐山地震震源区中、下地壳的低速异常可能是流体的显示。结合前人成果和本文模型所揭示的深、浅结构,我们认为太平洋板块在中国东部之下的俯冲和滞留引起板块脱水、软流圈物质上涌等一系列过程,软流圈热物质到达上地幔顶部并沿超壳断裂上侵进入地壳,致使上地幔顶部和下地壳中的含水矿物发生脱水作用产生流体,流体继续上移造成中、上地壳发震层的弱化,从而导致大地震的发生。因此华北北部地区的强震活动,以及地壳结构的非均匀性应是与太平洋板块俯冲、滞留引起的深部过程密切相关的。  相似文献   

北天山地区中强地震前跨断层形变强度异常特征分析     

苏力坦·玉散  方伟  艾力夏提·玉山  朱治国  李桂荣 《内陆地震》2019,(2):143-152

对新疆北天山地区跨断层流动水准观测资料进行整理,利用断层垂直活动速率求解断层形变异常强度值。基于其变化特征与北天山地区中强地震的对比研究发现,研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度趋势增强的背景下,局部断层形变异常强度值超过指标阈值0.6时,可作为北天山地区中强地震的预测依据。  相似文献   

藏北冬季降水异常的大尺度环流特征及影响因子     

尼玛吉  柯宗建  陈丽娟  次仁央宗 《高原气象》2021,40(1):28-36

利用西藏高原气象台站降水和积雪观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA海温资料等,分析了藏北高原地区冬季降水异常的大尺度环流特征及影响因子.结果表明:藏北地区冬季降水存在2～4年周期性变化特征,其中3年的周期信号最强.降水偏多年,欧亚中高纬乌拉尔山至贝加尔湖附近500hPa高度距平场呈现"西低东高"分布型,影响...  相似文献   

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

田勤俭  丁国瑜  郝平 《地震地质》2006,28(2):213-223

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力  相似文献   

库车坳陷活动构造的基本特征   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

沈军  吴传勇  李军  向志勇  陈建波  谢天  宋正娜  王翠 《地震地质》2006,28(2):269-278

简要介绍了南天山山前库车坳陷的主要活动逆断裂-背斜带的分布特征、构造样式、最新活动证据等资料。平面上库车坳陷呈一“眼”状,由南北两大背斜带构成。北部靠近南天山为一套向南逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的逆断裂-背斜带为喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带;南部靠近塔里木盆地的是一套向北逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的主要是秋里塔格逆断层-背斜带及其以南的亚肯背斜等新背斜;南北两大背斜系统夹持着拜城盆地。坳陷区北部的喀桑托开断裂与坳陷区南部的秋里塔格断裂带是区内最主要的活动断裂,前者长逾60km,后者长近200km,沿这两条断裂带均发现了清楚的断裂露头和古地震形变带。此外,在秋里塔格背斜带以南发育了更新的、规模较小的背斜,表明库车坳陷区的褶皱作用继续向盆地方向扩展。石油地震剖面资料显示,库车坳陷南北两侧的褶皱作用均受盖层与基底之间的滑脱断层控制,属于山前的薄皮构造。滑脱面的深度可达10km左右。这是库车坳陷主要的发震层  相似文献