北斗/GPS融合静态相对定位用于高精度地面沉降监测的试验与结果分析     

王利  张勤  范丽红  赵红  吴丹  田婕  李毓照 《工程地质学报》2015,23(1):119-125

我国的北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,缩写为BDS)已于2012年12月27日正式对亚太大部分地区提供连续无源定位、导航和授时服务.为了探讨BDS/GPS融合观测数据用于高精度地面沉降监测的效果和精度情况,利用5台兼容BDS和GPS系统信号的GNSS接收机,对西安市地面沉降GPS监测网中的9个监测点进行了复测.通过对连续观测10h以上4个时段观测数据的处理和分析,结果表明,相对于单独采用GPS观测数据进行基线解算而言,融合了BDS和GPS观测数据基线结果的内符合精度大大提高,水平方向的平均中误差从5mm改善至3mm,垂直方向的平均中误差从17mm 改善至12mm; 同时,监测结果的外符合精度也大大增强,X、Y、Z方向的平均中误差分别从6mm、15mm、10mm改善至1.5mm、8mm、5mm.这说明融合了BDS观测数据的BDS/GPS静态相对定位可以明显提高高精度地面沉降监测结果的内外符合精度.  相似文献   

模式时间关联误差对集合平方根滤波估算土壤湿度的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Mao Fuping  Zhang Shuwen  Ye Dan  Yang Xixi 《地球科学进展》2015,30(6):700-708

为了定量评估模式时间关联误差对NOAH陆面模式同化表层土壤湿度观测估算土壤湿度廓线的影响,采用集合平方根滤波(En SRF)与状态增广相结合的技术,开展同时更新状态变量和订正模式偏差的观测系统模拟试验,结果表明:同化时若不对存在较大系统性偏差的模式时间关联误差进行处理,En SRF就不能有效估算土壤湿度廓线,而采用状态增广和En SRF相结合的技术,可以在更新土壤湿度时同步订正模式偏差,土壤湿度估算精度明显提高。敏感性试验进一步表明:模式偏差大小、同化时间间隔和观测误差会以不同方式对同化结果造成影响。  相似文献   

国土空间规划用地分类完善及规划基数转换研究——以山东省诸城市为例          下载免费PDF全文

唐伟  杨鑫  熊军  陈峰  王英  郭晨 《山东国土资源》2021,37(1)

为满足国土空间规划差异化与精细化管理的需求,在综合研究分析现有国土空间规划用地分类基础上,对其进行了完善调整;结合实践,提出国土空间规划基数转换的原则、步骤与方法,并以完善后的用地分类为基础,以山东省诸城市为例进行了验证,同时对具体实践中存在的问题提出合理建议。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地大型沙波纹的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩广  龙鲜  丁占良  冯净雪 《干旱区地理》2023,46(1):56-64

通过实地考察、观测和采样,利用Google Earth遥感影像和激光粒度分析仪,研究了科尔沁沙地大型沙波纹（large-scale ripples, LSR）的空间分布、单体和群体的基本形态和粒度特征,探讨了LSR粗颗粒的来源、它同普通沙波纹和普通风成沙在颗粒组成、形态特征和内部沉积结构方面的区别。结果表明：（1）科尔沁沙地的LSR主要分布于翁牛特旗中部和北部地区。（2）LSR空间单元的空间形态具有片状、斑块状和条带状3种类型,分别发育于宽阔的丘间地、沙丘中上部、槽形低地3类地形部位。（3）LSR平均长度为6.32 m,总体走向为东北—西南,平均波长为1.68 m,空间分异较为明显;单体LSR的前后坡不对称。（4）LSR的颗粒为中砂-粗砂粒级,其中粗颗粒主要来自旧河道的河流冲积层、下伏Q3河湖相地层、剥蚀残山的风化壳和山麓洪积物。（5）LSR同普通沙波纹在外观、物质组成、几何形态和内部沉积结构方面有明显差异。该项研究将有助于促进风沙地貌学的理论发展和实践。  相似文献   

When enough should be enough: Improving the use of current agricultural lands could meet production demands and spare natural habitats in Brazil     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Providing food and other products to a growing human population while safeguarding natural ecosystems and the provision of their services is a significant scientific, social and political challenge. With food demand likely to double over the next four decades, anthropization is already driving climate change and is the principal force behind species extinction, among other environmental impacts. The sustainable intensification of production on current agricultural lands has been suggested as a key solution to the competition for land between agriculture and natural ecosystems. However, few investigations have shown the extent to which these lands can meet projected demands while considering biophysical constraints. Here we investigate the improved use of existing agricultural lands and present insights into avoiding future competition for land. We focus on Brazil, a country projected to experience the largest increase in agricultural production over the next four decades and the richest nation in terrestrial carbon and biodiversity. Using various models and climatic datasets, we produced the first estimate of the carrying capacity of Brazil's 115 million hectares of cultivated pasturelands. We then investigated if the improved use of cultivated pasturelands would free enough land for the expansion of meat, crops, wood and biofuel, respecting biophysical constraints (i.e., terrain, climate) and including climate change impacts. We found that the current productivity of Brazilian cultivated pasturelands is 32–34% of its potential and that increasing productivity to 49–52% of the potential would suffice to meet demands for meat, crops, wood products and biofuels until at least 2040, without further conversion of natural ecosystems. As a result up to 14.3 Gt CO₂ Eq could be mitigated. The fact that the country poised to undergo the largest expansion of agricultural production over the coming decades can do so without further conversion of natural habitats provokes the question whether the same can be true in other regional contexts and, ultimately, at the global scale.  相似文献   

Supply of carbon sequestration and biodiversity services from Australia's agricultural land under global change     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Global agroecosystems can contribute to both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, and market mechanisms provide a highly prospective means of achieving these outcomes. However, the ability of markets to motivate the supply of carbon sequestration and biodiversity services from agricultural land is uncertain, especially given the future changes in environmental, economic, and social drivers. We quantified the potential supply of these services from the intensive agricultural land of Australia from 2013 to 2050 under four global outlooks in response to a carbon price and biodiversity payment scheme. Each global outlook specified emissions pathways, climate, food demand, energy price, and carbon price modeled using the Global Integrated Assessment Model (GIAM). Using a simplified version of the Land Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, economic returns to agriculture, carbon plantings, and environmental plantings were calculated each year. The supply of carbon sequestration and biodiversity services was then quantified given potential land use change under each global outlook, and the sensitivity of the results to key parameters was assessed. We found that carbon supply curves were similar across global outlooks. Sharp increases in carbon sequestration supply occurred at carbon prices exceeding 50 $ tCO₂⁻¹ in 2015 and exceeding 65 $ tCO₂⁻¹ in 2050. Based on GIAM-modeled carbon prices, little carbon sequestration was expected at 2015 under any global outlook. However, at 2050 expected carbon supply under each outlook differed markedly, ranging from 0 to 189 MtCO₂ yr⁻¹. Biodiversity services of 3.32% of the maximum may be achieved in 2050 for a 1 $B investment under median scenario settings. We conclude that a carbon market can motivate supply of substantial carbon sequestration but only modest amounts of biodiversity services from agricultural land. A complementary biodiversity payment can synergistically increase the supply of biodiversity services but will not provide much additional carbon sequestration. The results were sensitive to global drivers, especially the carbon price, and the domestic drivers of adoption hurdle rate and agricultural productivity. The results can inform the design of an effective national policy and institutional portfolio addressing the dual objectives of climate change and biodiversity conservation that is robust to future uncertainty in both national and global drivers.  相似文献   

中国气象网站的现状与未来发展趋势     

张哲睿  丘良 《气象研究与应用》2014,(1):122-124

从气象网站建立的意义、我区气象网站的现状、网站存在的不足、市场需求等方面,结合公众在信息数字化时代背景下的接收网络气象产品需求、网络未来的发展趋势,分析气象网站的优势与不足,提出规范行业标准、完善激励机制、面对市场化、服务精细化等建议和改革发展措施.  相似文献   

青藏高原夏季土壤有机质及砾石影响水热 传输特性的数值模拟     

马琴  刘新  李伟平  丁宝弘 《大气科学》2014,38(2):337-351

本文针对青藏高原部分地区土壤有机质和砾石含量较高的特点,在前人工作的基础上,发展了一个新的参数化方案以描述土壤有机质和砾石对土壤导热率、导水率的影响。通过对通用陆面模式CoLM中的土壤水、热参数化方案以及地表蒸发阻抗三方面的逐步改进,对青藏高原藏东南站和纳木错站两种不同下垫面进行单点数值模拟分析。对比原方案与最终优化方案的模拟结果表明:采用新方案的CoLM模式对藏东南站土壤湿度模拟性能明显提高,平均偏差减小到0.04,而对纳木错站浅层20 cm以上土壤湿度的模拟偏差略微增大。新方案在藏东南站对土壤内部温度的模拟改善较为显著,平均偏差减小了0.2℃;而在纳木错站40 cm以上有所改进。新参数化方案较好地模拟了两个观测站表面能量通量的时间变化,纳木错站7、8月份的潜热通量改进尤为明显,比原方案减少大约20 W m-2,与观测结果较为接近。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠地表发射率及分布变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永强 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(3):1-7

通过利用便携式傅立叶变换热红外光谱仪,对冷热黑体辐射和漫反射金板辐射校正,测量波长在8–14 μm的热红外大气窗口的地表辐射光谱,计算出地表的发射率光谱,再转换成地表的发射率值(ε)。为获得塔克拉玛干沙漠精确的ε,沿着沙漠公路,从南至北穿越沙漠,平均每50 km进行一次测量,获得了沙漠地表发射率的分布变化特征。结果表明：靠近绿洲的地表发射率值最高,达到0.93,绿洲与沙漠过渡带的值为0.91–0.92,沙漠其它地区的值为0.90–0.91,而沙漠中心区接近0.89。  相似文献   

Spatial spillover and the factors influencing public service supply in Sichuan province,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xue-qian Song  Wei Deng  Ying Liu 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1356-1371

This article examines the spatial characteristics of public service supply and the factors influencing such supply in cities of Sichuan Province, China using spatial-autocorrelation and spatial econometric models with statistical data in 2012. The results demonstrate that expenditures on different types of public services present different spatial autocorrelation patterns. Although the spatial differences in basic public service expenditures are relatively small, a clear fan-shaped spillover to the east can be seen in Chengdu City. Chengdu also shows high clustering of advanced public service expenditures, being a typical core-periphery pattern. Post-earthquake reconstruction expenditures are clustered in the ＂5.12 Wenchuan earthquake＂ region and spill over toward cities to the east. The efficiency of public services in the mountainous areas in western Sichuan is low and exhibits a pattern of low-low spatial autocorrelation. The efficiency of public service supply is affected by economic, social, political and geographical factors. Based on the results of this analysis, we recommend a supply strategy that incorporates different types of public services and a specialized public service supply strategy for mountainous areas. Overall public service efficiency should be enhanced by focusing on narrowing the gap in farmers＇ income among regions and accelerating urbanization. Decision-makers should consider moresupportive policies with regard to providing basic public services in mountainous areas to ensure an equalized supply of basic public services. To enhance the efficiency of advanced public service supply, additional growth pole should be encouraged and incentivized; however, investments are required to drive the development of the peripheral regions through regional economic integration. Both software and hardware types of infrastructure are required to supply services efficiently during post-disaster reconstruction.  相似文献