河南南召响水河锑矿床特征及找矿标志     

赵春勇 《矿产与地质》2016,(2):164-169

河南南召响水河锑矿床位于秦岭褶皱系北秦岭分区南召―方城小区;中元古界宽坪群四岔口组下段主要岩性为绢云石英片岩,工业锑矿体直接赋存于绢云石英片岩中碎裂石英岩带内,响水河锑矿床成因类型为低温热液充填交代型矿床;工业锑矿体形态为大的不规则陡倾斜脉状体;围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化,金属矿化为辉锑矿化、黄铁矿化;矿石自然类型为石英辉锑矿型,按结构构造可分为细脉状矿石、浸染状矿石和块状矿石;矿石矿物成分为辉锑矿,氧化后形成锑华;分析矿床成因机理为花岗斑岩岩浆期后低温含矿热液沿构造裂隙贯入于碎裂石英岩带内,在节理或裂隙发育处富集成矿;且总结了矿床找矿标志。  相似文献   

A new bird track,Koreanaornis lii ichnosp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Gansu, Northwest China,and implications for Early Cretaceous avian diversity     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

There are a growing number of Early Cretaceous avian tracks and trackways from around the world, with Asia (China and Korea) having the largest reported number and diversity of Mesozoic avian traces to date, and these new discoveries are increasing the Early Cretaceous avian ichnodivesrity of Laurasia. Here we report on a new Lower Cretaceous avian track locality in the Guanshan area, Yongjing County, Gansu Province, northwest China, and on a novel ichnospecies of Koreanaornis, Koreanaornis lii ichnosp. nov. Koreananornis lii is distinct from other Koreanaornipodidae in that it possesses a consistently wider digit divarication than previously described tridactyl tracks, and possess a short, small, posteromedially oriented hallux that displays a different orientation than that seen in Koreanaornis hamanensis. The lack of linear and angular data reported for digit I traces of many avian ichnotaxa has the potential to give misleading results in multivariate statistical analyses. Also, the wide divarication of Koreanaornis lii causes the ichnotaxon to not group with other Koreanornipodidae in multivariate analyses, but with Ignotornidae. Despite the results of the analyses, K. lii is morphologically distinct from these ichnotaxa. The results demonstrate that relying solely on multivariate statistical analyses without careful examination of footprint morphology will result in erroneous ichnospecies groupings. While new vertebrate ichnotaxa discoveries from Asia may support the hypotheses of the presence of a unique and endemic Asian vertebrate ichnofauna during the Cretaceous, the recent discovery of skeletal remains interpreted to be of a volant wading bird from the Early Cretaceous, and recent reports of tracks from volant avians, could suggest that flighted avians of the shore- and wading bird ecotypes could have had a Laurasian-wide distribution during the Early Cretaceous. However, strong convergence in foot morphology of shore- and wading birds suggests that avian ichnotaxa found in both present-day Asia and North America may have been made by birds endemic to eastern and western Laurasia during the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

Evidence for an ancient association between leaf mining flies and herbaceous eudicot angiosperms     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

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江南造山带东段新元古代弧盆构造格局   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩瑶  张传恒  张恒  游国庆  李利阳 《地质论评》2016,62(2):285-299

江南造山带东段出露万年群、浦江平水群、双桥山群等一系列前寒武纪基底岩系。万年群为一套出露于赣东北地区的浅变质火山岩、陆缘碎屑岩系,其下未见底,上被震旦系漆工组不整合覆盖,沉积环境自下而上逐渐变深。本文应用LA-ICP-MS对德兴地区万年群火山岩样品进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得加权平均年龄为(843.8±5)Ma,表明万年群主体属新元古界。万年群与浦江平水群、双桥山群等属于同一时代的产物,它们形成的时限范围集中在850～820 Ma,代表了江南造山带演化的中期阶段。对万年群、浦江平水群火山岩进行全岩地球化学分析,显示这两套岩石分别为钙碱性岩石系列和低钾(拉斑)岩石系列,富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Th、P)亏损高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti),表现出类似于俯冲带相关的岩浆作用特征,构造环境判别图解显示两者应形成于火山弧区域。双桥山群代表了裂陷型弧后盆地沉积,对其中发育的小型斜层理进行测量,经水平校正后其古流向指向北,物源应来自南方。万年群、浦江平水群与双桥山群在时空位置及构造属性上显示了配套的弧盆体系关系。发育于850～820 Ma期间的江南造山带应属西太平洋型陆缘造山带。  相似文献   

Taphofacies of Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian marine invertebrates from the Monte Alegre and Itaituba formations,part of the outcropped marine sequence of the Tapajós Group (Southern Amazonas Basin,Brazil) – regional palaeoecological models     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

One of the most relevant characteristics of the Pennsylvanian shallow-water carbonates of the Amazonas Basin is its diverse and well preserved invertebrate fossiliferous assemblages. In order to better understand the origin of these fossil concentrations, taphonomic data were obtained along well exposed areas of the uppermost part of the Monte Alegre Formation and basal part of the Itaituba Formation, which, based on conodonts, fusulinids and palynomorphs is of Atokan age. The taphonomic data focused on invertebrate organisms were supported by petrographic analysis. The understanding of the stacking pattern of the strata in the studied section allowed the identification of five type taphofacies, which contributed in the development of regional palaeoecological models, expressed as block-diagrams. These characterize the distribution of the environmental parameters, the composition of the faunal associations and the distribution and amplitude of the taphonomic processes that created the taphonomic signatures of the bioclastic elements throughout the supratidal to lower intertidal/deep subtidal depositional environments pertinent to the studied depositional environment. The regional palaeoecological models here presented are related to the particularities of the depositional environments of the studied rocks and are exclusive for the characterization of this intracratonic basin set influenced by high frequency climatic variations. Lithofacies, biofacies and taphofacies associations also reflect depositional conditions pertinent to the studied regional context, differing from the elements observed in modern intracratonic contexts analogous to the one studied, from different sedimentary basins around the world. Therefore, invertebrate taphonomy, supported by the analysis of sedimentary facies, fulfills the purposes recommended in this work, demonstrating its potential as a tool for palaeoecological analysis in the Pennsylvanian outcropping section in the southern platform of the Amazonas Basin.  相似文献   

Global correlation of the Vazante Group, São Francisco Basin, Brazil: Re–Os and U–Pb radiometric age constraints     

Karem Azmy  Brian Kendall  Robert A. Creaser  Larry Heaman  Tolentino F. de Oliveira 《Precambrian Research》2008,164(3-4):160-172

The Vazante Group consists of Precambrian carbonate-dominated platform deposits that extend along more than 300 km in the external zone of the Brasilia Fold Belt of the São Francisco Basin in east central Brazil. The sequence is about 4.8 km thick and contains a preserved glaciomarine diamictite unit (containing dropstone) at the top and a lower diamictite unit at the bottom. Previous C- and Sr-isotope profiles suggested the correlation of the upper diamictite unit with the “Sturtian” glacial event (ca. 750–643 Ma). However, new Re–Os isotope data from the shales associated with the upper diamictites yield radiometric age estimates between 993 ± 46 and 1100 ± 77 Ma. U–Pb measurements on a suite of clear euhedral zircon crystals that were separated from the same shales associated with the upper diamictite and from the arkosic sandstone above the lower diamictite yield ages as young as 988 ± 15 and 1000 ± 25 Ma, respectively. Based on the Re–Os and U–Pb ages, the best age estimate of the Vazante Group is constrained to be 1000–1100 Ma and thus the two diamictite units are not correlative with the Sturtian glaciation(s) but most likely are records of glacial events that occurred during the late Mesoproterozoic.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic Ikorongo Group, NE Tanzania: Implications for provenance and source rock weathering   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Charles Kasanzu  Makenya A.H. Maboko  Shukrani Manya 《Precambrian Research》2008,164(3-4):201-213

The Neoproterozoic Ikorongo Group, which lies unconformably on the late Archaean Nyanzian Supergroup of the Tanzania Craton, is comprised of conglomerates, quartzites, shales, siltstones, red sandstones with rare flagstones and gritstones and is regionally subdivided into four litho-stratigraphic units namely the Makobo, Kinenge, Sumuji and Masati Formations.We report geochemical data for the mudrocks (i.e., shales and siltstones) from the Ikorongo basin in an attempt to constrain their provenance and source rock weathering. These mudrocks are compositionally similar to PAAS and PS indicating derivation from mixed mafic–felsic sources. However, the siltstones show depletion in the transition elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Sc and V) and attest to a more felsic protolith than those for PAAS and PS. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA: 52–82) reveal a moderately weathered protolith for the mudrocks. The consistent REE patterns with LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns ((La/Yb)_CN = 7.3–38.3) coupled with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.71 on average), which characteristics are similar to the average PAAS and PS, illustrate cratonic sources that formed by intra-crustal differentiation.Geochemical considerations and palaeocurrent indications suggest that the provenance of the Ikorongo Group include high-Mg basaltic-andesites, dacites, rhyolites and granitoids from the Neoarchaean Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt to the north of the Ikorongo basin. Mass balance calculations suggest relative contributions of 47%, 42% and 11% from granitoids, high-magnesium basaltic-andesites and dacites, respectively to the detritus that formed the shales. Corresponding contributions to the siltstones detritus are 53%, 43% and 4%.  相似文献   

Measuring and adjusting the weathering and hydraulic sorting effects for rigorous provenance analysis of sedimentary rocks: a case study from the Jurassic Ashikita Group,south‐west Japan     

TOHRU OHTA 《Sedimentology》2008,55(6):1687-1701

The present study examines the provenance of the Jurassic Ashikita Group distributed in south‐west Japan, which is composed of the Idenohana, Kyodomari and Sakamoto Formations. Two geochemical diagrams for provenance analysis were utilized, which incorporate full consideration of compositional modifications resulting from weathering (MFW diagram) and hydraulic sorting processes (SiO₂/Al₂O₃–Na₂O/K₂O diagram). The MFW diagram delineates weathering trends of sedimentary rocks and allows estimation of the original source rock composition by tracing the weathering trends backwards to an unweathered domain. Weathering trends of the Idenohana and Kyodomari Formations extend backward to the domain of intermediate and felsic igneous rocks. In contrast, sediments of the Sakamoto Formation do not fit into a linear weathering trend, indicating that the source rock cannot be approximated to igneous rocks. On the SiO₂/Al₂O₃–Na₂O/K₂O diagram, sediments are organized into compositional trends, in which the range reflects compositional variations induced by the hydraulic sorting effect. On this diagram, sediments derived from the igneous and recycled sedimentary provenances can be distinguished by reading the inclination of the trend. By utilizing this principle, source rocks of the Idenohana and Kyodomari Formations are interpreted as igneous rocks and those of the Sakamoto Formation are interpreted as recycled sedimentary rocks. Therefore, these diagrams concurrently estimate the source rock composition through quantifying and adjusting the weathering and sorting effects, and reveal a systematic transition in the provenance of the Ashikita Group. The Idenohana and Kyodomari Formations were supplied chiefly from an igneous provenance, which shifted from intermediate to felsic compositions in stratigraphic order. Whereas, sediments of the Sakamoto Formation were sourced primarily from a recycled sedimentary provenance.  相似文献   

The Sr isotopic characterization and Pb-Pb age of carbonate rocks from the Satka formation,the Lower Riphean Burzyan Group of the southern Urals     

A. B. Kuznetsov  G. V. Ovchinnikova  M. A. Semikhatov  I. M. Gorokhov  O. K. Kaurova  M. T. Krupenin  I. M. Vasil’eva  B. M. Gorokhovskii  A. V. Maslov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(2):120-137

The Rb-Sr and U-Pb systematics are studied in carbonate deposits of the Satka and Suran formations corresponding to middle horizons of the Lower Riphean Burzyan Group in the Taratash and Yamantau anticlinoria, respectively, the southern Urals. The least altered rock samples retaining the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of sedimentation basin have been selected for analysis using the original method of leaching the secondary carbonate phases and based on strict geochemical criteria of the retentivity (Mn/Sr < 0.2, Fe/Sr < 5 and Mg/Ca < 0.024). The stepwise dissolution in 0.5 N HBr has been used to enrich samples in the primary carbonate phase before the Pb-Pb dating. Three (L-4 to L-6) of seven consecutive carbonate fractions obtained by the step-wise leaching are most enriched in the primary carbonate (in terms of the U-Pb systematics). In the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram, data points of these fractions plot along an isochron determining age of 1550 ± 30 Ma (MSWD = 0.7) for the upper member of the Satka Formation. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the least altered limestones of this formation is within the range of 0.70460–0.70480. Generalization of the Sr isotopic data published for the Riphean carbonates from different continents showed that 1650–1350 Ma ago the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the world ocean was low, slightly ranging from 0.70456 to 0.70494 and suggesting the prevalent impact of mantle flux.  相似文献   

浙闽地区新元古代变火山岩系岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

靳松  张利  钟增球  周汉文  向华  曾雯  刘锐 《矿物岩石》2008,28(1):97-105

浙闽地区华夏地块前寒武纪上基底主要由出露于阈西北和浙西南的马面山群、万全群和龙泉群组成.对比研究表明,以上3个岩群具有相似的构造演化、岩石组合、元素地球化学特征及形成时代,它们共同组成了统一的华夏地块变质上基底,在构造上是相连的,主要由经历了高绿片岩相-低绿帘角闪岩相变质变形作用的绿片岩和变粒岩组成,其原岩为一套双峰式火山岩,形成于新元古代中期.绿片岩的稀土配分型式右倾,轻重稀土分异较大,具洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的特征,其微量元素表现为左部"大隆起"式的特征,大离子素石元素(LILE)K,Rb,Ba,Th明显富集,Nb相对La富集,表现出大陆裂谷玄武岩的特征.绿片岩和变粒岩具有统一的岩浆演化趋势,为同源岩浆演化的产物,地球化学特征和构造判别图解显示它们形成于板内拉张的大陆裂谷环境,可能是新元古代Rodinia泛大陆裂解在华南的记录,与地幔柱的活动有关.马面山群第二类绿片岩表现出岛弧特征,可能为陆壳物质混染所致.  相似文献