The C20 highly branched isoprenoid biomarker – A new diatom-sourced proxy for summer trophic conditions?     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

The exact biological source of the C₂₀ highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) present in sediments from aquatic systems is unclear. We therefore examined the relationship between the distribution of fossil diatoms and the concentration of the C₂₀ HBI in a Late Glacial sedimentary record from the Hässeldala Port paleolake in southern Sweden. Using Bayesian multiple linear regression analysis, we show that its concentration is linked primarily to the production of the diatom taxon Gomphonema acuminatum, which accounts for the largest proportion of the temporal variability in the biomarker. By analogy with modern observations, we argue that an increasing amount of G. acuminatum biomass in our sedimentary record reflects increasing oligotrophy in the paleolake during the summer growing season, especially at times defined by subdued hydrologic flow. Our conclusions are corroborated by the δ¹³C composition of the C₂₀ HBI biomarker, which points to a negative photosynthetic fractionation between atmospheric CO₂ and the pool of dissolved inorganic carbon during diatom bloom, a distinct phenomenon at times of inhibited hydrological flow. Accordingly, we suggest that the C₂₀ HBI biomarker can be effectively used to reconstruct the trophic state of the paleolake at Hässeldala Port, while its stable isotope composition can provide physicochemical information about the lake conditions during the dry summer season.Moreover, we note that the major hydrological shifts recorded in the G. acuminatum-C₂₀ HBI stratigraphy do not coincide with the pollen zone boundaries. We thus infer that aquatic and terrestrial environmental responses to climate change are substantially decoupled through the hydrological system, which highlights the necessity for multi-proxy investigations to decipher past climate events.  相似文献   

Florida Bay: Modern analogue for Lofer cyclothems?     

Paul Enos  Elias Samankassou 《Sedimentology》2022,69(1):254-281

Lofer cyclothems of the Alpine Upper Triassic have many features in common with Holocene sediments of Florida Bay. The modal ‘complete’ Lofer cycle is essentially symmetrical, having a deepening and shoaling phase, as does the cycle-in-progress in Florida Bay. Lateral discontinuity and thickness variations within members of the Lofer cyclothems indicate syn-depositional relief, possibly in the form of mud banks, the signature feature of Florida Bay sedimentation. Spatial and temporal dimensions, although poorly constrained, appear comparable. Analogous depositional textures, biota and sedimentary structures, while not unique to either environment, strengthen the inferences that can be made about the Triassic depositional environment and regarding future evolution of the modern environment. The striking similarities between the Holocene icehouse sediments and the Late Triassic greenhouse deposits suggest that sedimentation patterns at the scale of individual cycles or parasequences may be largely independent of the global climate regime.  相似文献   

甘肃北山红石山地区晚石炭世英云闪长岩锆石U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义     

郑小明  管诰  王宏伟  刘志强 《地质论评》2022,68(6):2022112009-2022112009

本文以出露于红石山—百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧的英云闪长岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及红石山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体富硅（SiO2=63. 95%～66. 22%）、高铝（Al2O3=15. 31%～16. 61%）、富钠（Na2O=3. 73%～4. 33%）、低钾（K2O=1. 00%～1. 85%）,相对高锶（Sr=246. 0×10-6～417. 0×10-6）、低钇（Y=8. 83×10-6～11. 80×10-6）,富集Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,HREE相对亏损,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体的形成年龄为306. 9～309. 9 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了红石山—百合山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带岩浆作用事件,进一步约束了红石山洋俯冲时限。结合红石山—百合山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和早二叠世末期（275 Ma）的辉长岩和花岗岩侵位及早—中二叠世双堡塘组下部的角度不整合均反映了红石山洋盆的闭合过程（辛后田等,2020）,表明红石山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。  相似文献   

华南中生代玄武岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义北大核心CSCD     

李赛 《地质与勘探》2022,58(5):1001-1015

华南板块是中国东部岩石圈的重要组成部分,广泛发育中生代玄武岩,这些玄武岩为研究华南岩石圈演化提供了重要的窗口。前人对华南中生代玄武岩开展了大量的研究,但是对于玄武岩的源区性质以及构造环境等认识仍存在较大争议。本文系统性分析了华南宁远、道县、长城岭、白面山、汝城等地区中生代玄武岩的主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,获得如下主要认识:(1)华南中生代玄武岩主要由碱性和亚碱性玄武岩组成,其SiO_(2)和全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量分别为42.81 wt%~55.54 wt%和1.6 wt%~5.97 wt%;(2)除了宁远玄武岩具有OIB微量元素特征,华南中生代玄武岩具有岛弧玄武岩相似的微量元素配分型式;(3)主量和微量元素特征表明华南中生代玄武岩的形成主要受控于部分熔融,且在岩浆演化过程中经历不同程度的分离结晶作用,未遭受明显的地壳混染作用。Ni-MgO正相关、CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO正相关和Eu无明显异常表明华南中生代玄武质岩浆经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石结晶,但无明显的斜长石结晶;(4)Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明华南中生代玄武岩为EMⅡ地幔源区,其源区可能有洋壳沉积物的参与;(5)华南中生代玄武岩可能形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲相关的大陆板内环境;(6)华南岩石圈改造可能与中生代古太平洋俯冲板块的交代作用有关,后者所释放的酸性熔体/流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用,最终造成了华南岩石圈物理化学性质的强烈改变;(7)古太平洋俯冲板块可能对华南有色金属、稀有金属等多金属成矿发挥着重要作用,其释放的熔体或流体为矿石活化和迁移提供了重要的驱动力。  相似文献   

大兴安岭北段富克山岩浆弧的组成:对蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋南向俯冲的制约     

李文龙  杨晓平  钱程  李成禄  吕明奇  程招勋  王立佳 《地学前缘》2022,29(2):146-163

富克山岩浆弧呈北东向分布于大兴安岭北段富克山—古莲河一带,其物质组成、形成时代及其空间展布规律对于研究蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋晚三叠世地质构造演化具有重要意义。本文对其内的辉长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长岩进行了岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb定年分析研究,探讨大兴安岭北段晚三叠世时期的构造背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得辉长岩、花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄分别为(205.7±2.2) Ma、(203.2±2.5) Ma,反映了晚三叠世的构造岩浆事件。岩石学和地球化学研究表明,辉长岩、闪长岩具有富钠、高铝、高钙、高镁、高Mg^#值、低钛等特征,属于拉斑系列与钙碱性过渡系列岩石,无明显的Eu负异常,相对富集LILE和LREE,亏损HFSE。花岗闪长岩具有高硅、富钠、高铝、低镁等特征,属于钙碱性系列岩石,高Sr,低Y、Yb,无明显的Eu负异常,显示了O型埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征。富克山岩浆弧的空间展布,具有由北向南的分布规律,指示了蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋具有往南的俯冲极性。  相似文献   

Types, Petrophysical Properties and Pore Evolution of Late Ediacaran Microbial Carbonates, Tarim Basin, NW China     

TANG Pan  CHEN Daizhao  QIAN Yixiong  WANG Yuanzheng  YANG Bo 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1362-1375

The Upper Ediacaran microbial carbonates of the Tarim Basin are potential reservoir geobodies for future hydrocarbon exploration with rising interest in exploration for deeply-buried reserves. However, little knowledge has been acquired on the types of microbial carbonates that are present, the properties of the reservoir and the pore evolution, hampering predictions of high-quality reservoirs in these carbonates. Integrated with petrography and in-situ U-Pb dating geochronology analyses, this study aims to clarify the types of microbial carbonates present and to reconstruct the pore evolution processes of the potential reservoir rocks. The Upper Ediacaran microbial carbonates of the Tarim Basin can be divided into four types, based on their features in terms of different scales (macro- to micro-): microbial laminite, stromatolite, spongiomicrobialite and microbial-peloidal wackestone/mudstone. Petrophysical properties show that all these microbial carbonates have low porosity and very low permeability with poor connectivity. These carbonates were subject to long-term and complex diagenetic processes, mainly consisting of dissolution, compaction, pervasive dolomitization, cementation and fracturing. The most important reservoir spaces are contributed by vugs and dissolution-enlarged pores, which are likely to have been associated with the widespread uplift of the Aksu area in the terminal Ediacaran. In contrast, the cementation of the fine-to-medium crystalline dolomite greatly reduced the pre-existing pores. Pore types are closely related to different microbial fabrics, which played an important role in the pore evolution of the microbial carbonates.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚三叠世辉绿岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义     

罗金海  畅莹磊  陈卓 《地学前缘》2022,29(6):314-324

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部中奥陶统马家沟组灰岩内部发育多条辉绿岩脉。辉绿岩富集高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf等,具有板内拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征,其地球化学数据显示原始岩浆经历过比较强烈的结晶分异演化。对辉绿岩的锆石进行U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年获得的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为750~195 Ma。根据峰值年龄并结合区域地质资料,本文把辉绿岩的形成年龄确定为224 Ma(晚三叠世)。辉绿岩反映鄂尔多斯盆地西南部在晚三叠世处于类似大陆裂谷的伸展构造环境,晚三叠世西邻陇山地区发生的强烈碰撞后伸展作用也可能有助于进一步强化鄂尔多斯盆地西南部的伸展构造环境。当时该地区岩石圈的稳定性相对较弱,为该地区后续的早侏罗世和早白垩世岩浆活动提供了物质基础。晚三叠世及后期的岩浆活动提高了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部的地温梯度并加快了该地区烃源岩的热演化进程,可能对该地区的油气成藏条件造成潜在影响。  相似文献   

中国北方中生代逆冲推覆构造研究进展     

李智超  施炜  熊小松  吴国炜 《地球学报》2022,43(6):858-874

推覆构造是陆内构造变形中地壳缩短的重要方式之一, 是记录盆山结合带-造山带形成演化过程的重要载体。中国北方位于中亚造山带南部及周缘地区, 分布了多个逆冲推覆构造带。本文通过对这些推覆构造相关的几何学、运动学和年代学等资料的综合收集分析, 梳理了中国北方众多中生代逆冲推覆构造的时空展布特征、形成时代及形成机制等。在空间展布上, 这些推覆构造沿中国北方近东西向展布, 推覆距离几十~几百公里不等, 属于浅层次脆性变形。在形成时代上, 这些推覆构造的时代可以和燕山运动主挤压变形期相对应, 分为早(170~160 Ma)和晚(150~135 Ma)两期。在动力学机制上, 本文将推覆体可分为东西两段, 西段主体的逆冲方向为北东—南西向, 可能受控于鄂霍次克洋闭合和班公湖—怒江缝合带闭合的综合影响; 东段主体逆冲方向为北西—南东向, 可能主要受控于鄂霍茨克洋的闭合与古太平洋板块俯冲的远程应力影响。  相似文献   

三叠纪末期全球生物大灭绝事件研究综述     

侯海海  张华杰  邵龙义  高莲凤  刘书君 《地质论评》2023,69(1):2023010017-2023010017

三叠纪末期生物大灭绝是全球地质历史时期五大生物灭绝事件之一,它致使海洋生态系统中约53%的属和80%的种灭绝。显著灭绝的生物包括菊石类、牙形类、放射虫类和陆地四足动物,发生部分灭绝的生物包括腕足类、介形类、双壳类和珊瑚类等。中大西洋火成岩省（CAMP）的爆发与三叠纪末期生物大灭绝在时间上具有较高的一致性,其火山的高强度和大面积喷发被认为是导致此次灭绝事件发生的主要原因。CAMP爆发释放出大量的CO2、SO2和CH4等气体,一方面温室效应促使海平面升高,物种栖息地面积减少、海洋酸化和海洋缺氧等事件直接威胁着海洋和陆地生物的生存环境;另一方面温室效应亦会引发全球性森林火灾,造成陆地植物减少,大量植物碳屑注入海洋使其发生富营养化,又因伴随海洋酸化作用（碳酸化和硫酸化）,海洋古生产率发生崩溃。不同地质时期生物大灭绝的发生往往伴随着剧烈的环境变化,在三叠纪末生物大灭绝期,这些变化多表现为古大气成分和古气温动荡、古火灾频繁、海洋酸化、海平面升高和海水缺氧等,它们之间的综合作用最终导致三叠纪末期全球生态系统失稳。在全球多个三叠纪—侏罗纪之交（TJB）剖面均可以识别出3次明显的碳同位素负偏移,最显著的1次发生于瑞替期末,早于TJB。上述情况说明,三叠纪末期生物大灭绝虽然是全球性事件,但并不是1次发生的,具有分阶段性、非同步性、区域性和有选择性等特点。  相似文献   

孙氏新铺龙（爬行纲：海龙目一新幼年个体研究     

何竞  虎艺薇  张娣  沈越峰 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2349-2359

新铺龙是产于我国西南地区的海龙目的一个属,最早发现于贵州省关岭晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组地层。虽然新铺龙材料众多,但其未成年个体骨骼学特征及个体发育模式并未被详细地记述。笔者等报道了一个保存完好的孙氏新铺龙未成年标本,是目前发现最小的完整的孙氏新铺龙个体,标本产自贵州省关岭县新铺乡。依据其体长小于正型标本的一半,头骨长度和躯干比值大,头骨骨缝清晰等特征,判断该标本为孙氏新铺龙的幼年个体。新标本补充了孙氏新铺龙幼年个体的形态学信息,如上颞骨内侧突短于外侧突,翼骨无牙齿发育,神经弓与椎体未融合,尺骨两端微凸,五边形坐骨等。此外,结合已发表的新铺龙标本数据进行统计分析发现,该物种吻部相对头部呈负异速生长,证明了吻部占头骨比例的大小属于新铺龙种内个体发育差异,而并非之前所认为的新铺龙种间差异。  相似文献