Sedimentation processes and new age constraints on rifting stages in Lake Baikal: results of deep-water drilling     

M. I. Kuzmin  E. B. Karabanov  A. A. Prokopenko  V. F. Gelety  V. S. Antipin  D. F. Williams  A. N. Gvozdkov 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(2):183-192

 With this paper we present a first attempt to combine the direct results on lithology, composition and age dating in the boreholes BDP-93, BDP-96 and BDP-97 with geological and seismic data from the areas where those sections were drilled. The sedimentary environments represented by the BDP boreholes are markedly different and possess characteristic lithological features. The results of the deep drilling provide the essential means for testing numerous age models used in geological reconstructions of the Lake Baikal rifting dynamics. Neither the basin-wide unconformity interpreted from seismic data, nor the interpreted change from shallow-water to deep-water facies at the boundary of the seismic stratigraphic complexes were found in the BDP-96 boreholes on Academician Ridge. Also, lithology does not support the proposed reconstructions of intense lake level fluctuations and transgressions during the Pliocene at Academician Ridge. The continuous deep-water hemipelagic sedimentation at Academician Ridge has existed for the past 5 Ma. The beginning of an intense rifting phase of the Neobaikalian sub-stage and related drastic changes in sedimentation processes were interpreted on seismic sections as the basin-wide unconformity B10. Different age estimates for this boundary ranged from Late Pliocene (3.5 Ma) to Plio-Pleistocene boundary. As shown by BDP-96 borehole, B10 is associated with a lithological change from diatomaceous ooze to dense silty clay and not with an erosional contact. The new age for this boundary in BDP-96 is approximately 2.5 Ma. This new age constraint suggests that the upper sedimentary strata of Northern Baikal (1.5–1.7 km thick) have formed during the past 2.5 Ma with average sedimentation rates of 60–70 cm/ka. The BDP-93 boreholes at Buguldeika suggest that uplift in Primorsky Range took place prior to 1.07–1.31 Ma, a date which exceeds the age of previous geological models. Received: 12 March 1999 / Accepted: 10 February 2000  相似文献   

喀斯特地区流域地貌与岩性的统计关系探讨——以贵州省为例   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

焦树林  梁虹 《中国岩溶》2002,21(2):95-100

岩石是地貌演化发育的物质基础,不同的岩性分布区常常发育特定的地貌形态。本文统计分析了喀斯特地区22 个中小流域的地貌类型和岩石的出露关系,从量上揭示了流域地貌与岩性的关联规律。分析结果表明:在碳酸盐岩出露的地区常发育着峰丛洼地;在碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩出露地区易于形成峰丛谷地;在非碳酸盐岩出露地区发育形成非喀斯特地貌;而在峰林谷地和非喀斯特地貌分布区常有松散岩出露。   相似文献   

山西侏罗纪地层与沉积相分析研究与进展     

芦建军 《地下水》2015,(1):182-184

侏罗纪地层为中国内陆沉积盆地油气富集的主要时期地层。通过在前人的研究基础上大量收集露头资料以野外剖面实测为重点,对山西不同地区侏罗纪地层不同组进行岩性、岩相、沉积特点及环境等分析,描述出不同地区各个组的沉积特点。划定山西侏罗纪地层划分为早侏罗永定庄组,中侏罗大同组、云岗组、天池河组,缺失晚侏罗地层;对沉积相进行系统分析,确定山西侏罗纪地层与鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪地层具有等时性,且空间上为鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪地层的边缘沉积,油气勘探前景不乐观。  相似文献   

Effect of lithology and structure on seismic response of steep slope in a shaking table test   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

LIU Han-xiang  XU Qiang  LI Yan-rong 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):371-383

Studies on landslides by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake showed that topography was of great importance in amplifying the seismic shaking, and among other factors, lithology and slope structure controlled the spatial occurrence of slope failures. The present study carried out experiments on four rock slopes with steep angle of 60° by means of a shaking table. The recorded Wenchuan earthquake waves were scaled to excite the model slopes. Measurements from accelerometers installed on free surface of the model slope were analyzed, with much effort on timedomain acceleration responses to horizontal components of seismic shaking. It was found that the amplification factor of peak horizontal acceleration, RPHA, was increasing with elevation of each model slope, though the upper and lower halves of the slope exhibited different increasing patterns. As excitation intensity was increased, the drastic deterioration of the inner structure of each slope caused the sudden increase of RPHA in the upper slope part. In addition, the model simulating the soft rock slope produced the larger RPHA than the model simulating the hard rock slope by a maximum factor of 2.6. The layered model slope also produced the larger RPHA than the homogeneous model slope by a maximum factor of 2.7. The upper half of a slope was influenced more seriously by the effect of lithology, while the lower half was influenced more seriously by the effect of slope structure.  相似文献   

Core lithologies and their constraints on gas-hydrate occurrence in the East Sea, offshore Korea: Results from the site UBGH1-9     

Jang-Jun Bahk  In-Kwon Um  Melanie Holland 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1943-1952

Drilling at the site UBGH1-9, offshore Korea in 2007, revealed varied gas-hydrate saturation with depth and a wide variety of core litholgies, demonstrating how the variations in the lithology are linked with those in gas-hydrate saturation and morphology. Discrete excursions to low chlorinity values from in situ background chlorinity level occur between 63 and 151 mbsf. In this occurrence zone, gas-hydrate saturations estimated from the low chlorinity anomalies range up to 63.5% of pore volume with an average of 9.9% and do not show a clear depth-dependent trend. Sedimentary facies analysis based on grain-size distribution and sedimentary structures revealed nine sediment facies which mainly represent hemipelagic muds and fine- to medium-grained turbidites. According to the sedimentary facies distribution, the core sediments are divided into three facies associations (FA): FA I (0–98 mbsf) consisting mainly of alternating thin- to medium-bedded hemipelagic mud and turbidite sand or mud beds, FA II (98–126 mbsf) dominated by medium- to very thick-bedded turbidite sand or sandy debris flow beds, and FA III (126–178 mbsf) characterized by thick hemipelagic mud without intervening discrete turbidite sand layers. Thermal anomalies from IR scan, mousse-like and soupy structures on split-core surfaces, non-destructive measurements of pressure cores, and comparison of gas-hydrate saturations with sand contents of corresponding pore-water squeeze cakes, collectively suggest that the gas hydrate at the site UBGH1-9 generally occurs in two different types: “pore-filling” type preferentially associated with thin- to medium-turbidite sand beds in the FA I and “fracture-filling” type which occurs as hydrate veins or nodules in hemipelagic mud of the FA III. Gas-hydrate saturation in the FA II is generally anomalously low despite the dominance of turbidite sand or sandy debris flow beds, suggesting insufficient methane supply.  相似文献   

北京小西山及周边地区地质条件对土地利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石莹  起晓星  王数 《城市地质》2013,(3):14-21

通过调查研究区土地利用状况及地质地貌条件得到所需基础数据,然后根据调查数据利MAPGIS办的作出研究区地质图、地貌图及土地利用现状图,进行对比分析。认为不同地质条件下,对应不同的土地利用方式,应根据区域地质条件,规划设计合理的土地利用方式。  相似文献   

Petrologic Characteristics of Gas Hydrate Reservoir in the Qilian Mountain Permafrost, China     

LIU Hui  LU Zhenquan  CHEN Yongjin 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):999-999

  相似文献   

天津市奥陶系热储层地热流体水化学特征 及其主要影响因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

高宝珠  黎雪梅  聂瑞平  穆春一 《地球学报》2009,30(3):369-374

天津境内在宝坻断裂以南的广大平原区, 蕴藏着丰富的中低温地热资源。在水平方向上地热流体自北东向南西矿化度逐渐增高, 水质渐趋复杂。其中奥陶系热储层是位于最上层的基岩裂隙型热储层、紧邻上覆的孔隙型热储层。其地热流体的矿化度变化范围是天津地区所有热储层中最大的、水化学类型也出现天津地区所有热储层中所独有的高硫、高钙水型：SO4?Cl-Na?Ca。本文以分布在沧县隆起区中南部的奥陶系地热井为研究重点, 通过地热流体水质检测、岩性化学分析、淋溶实验等手段, 分析了形成奥陶系水质的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

利用夷平面的变形进行断陷地块构造反演——以京西北蔚广盆地南缘断裂带为例          下载免费PDF全文

王林  田勤俭 《地质科学》2017,(3):801-817

当前活动断层研究主要关注单条断层本身,如果将研究尺度拓展到活动地块,则可以整体上更好地理解各断层活动的关联性。利用层状地貌面累积的构造变形来反演活动地块构造运动是一种行之有效的方法。近两年,国产高分卫星产出了海量、高分辨率的影像资料,与此同时GIS 平台与技术也得到了快速的发展,这些都为利用华北山地夷平面反演京西北盆岭构造区内断陷地块的构造运动提供了契机。本文基于国产GF2卫星1 m 全色与4 m 多光谱影像、1∶50 000 数字线划地图,借助ArcGIS 平台,解译出蔚广盆地南缘断裂带上升盘地块 中发育有典型的甸子梁面、唐县面两期夷平面,提取出了能够反映它们构造变形的定量参数,对其构造变形规律进行的分析表明：北东向断裂（F）贯通了蔚广盆地及其西南方的灵丘盆地,相应地将前者的上升盘地块划分为东西两个次级地块,并使得前者的主边界断裂在此 发生应变分解,并将部分应变传递给了灵丘断陷盆地系统。蔚广盆地及其周缘邻区的断陷盆地统一地受到南东-北西向区域引张应力场的作用,相应地形成了以北东向为主的断层形迹。岩性的差异造成了断层F两侧两种不同的断块运动方式,F西侧在太古代变质基底内发生断陷,使得断块整体掀斜,而在F 东侧,燕山期侵入花岗岩体阻碍了断块的整体掀斜,断块通过调整其运动方式,使得掀斜程度从边缘向内部逐渐降低,F 作为调节断层,衔接了其两侧两种不同变形方式。  相似文献   

消除背景影响的化探异常圈定方法——以张家口地区为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李随民魏明辉  郝华金 《中国地质》2014,41(6):2083-2090

由于不同成矿元素在不同岩性地层单元中的背景值存在较大差异,如采用符合正态分布的统计法计算元素异常下限值,会使得矿床可能并不分布在圈定的地球化学异常范围内,异常区可能仅是高背景岩石的反映。本文以张家口1∶20万化探扫面数据为例,圈定了Cu、Zn、V、Ti、Ni等受岩性影响较大元素的异常,结果表明传统统计方法所圈元素异常区受岩性控制作用明显。而考虑岩性本底含量的衬度值法所圈异常,不仅能有效避免岩性对异常的控制作用,且能在低背景岩石单元中圈出新异常,具有较好的找矿指示意义。  相似文献