A late ordovician/early silurian non-depositional slope and perched roll-over basin along the tywi anticline,mid wales     

D. M. D. James 《Geological Journal》1991,26(1):7-26

Ordovician stratigraphy between the Sugarloaf and the Wye valley is summarized with particular attention given to the area northeast of Abergwesyn. New data refine thickness estimates for the Cerriggwynion Formation, the Trembyd Formation (new), and the Cefn Cynllaith Formation (new). The major Bron Rhudd Fault is suggested to have been a synsedimentary down-to-basin fault which was later reactivated, folded, and suffered local reversal of throw. Roll-over into this fault controlled deposition of mass-flow conglomerates in a perched basin. During the late Ordovician-early Silurian the axis of the Tywi Anticline underlay a non-depositional slope which developed by northwest-directed progradation of a shelf margin, possibly accentuated by flexure over a basement fault zone with contemporaneous basin-down normal movement. The slope angle cannot be estimated from the geometry of the Ordovician because the contemporaneous throw on the Bron Rhudd Fault cannot be determined, but from the rate of Silurian onlap it was about 5 degrees.  相似文献   

Ediacaran in Uruguay: Facts and controversies     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

The Ediacaran of Uruguay has been regarded as containing a significant geological and paleontological record, which would make these successions critical to unraveling diverse aspects regarding the assembly of southwestern Gondwana and to understanding the conditions surrounding the rise of animal life in a period punctuated by drastic paleoenvironmental changes. However, a review of currently available data leads to the conclusion that, although variable, the stratigraphy, distribution and age of these units remain ambiguous. The same is true for existing basin models and tectonic evolution, which show different and sometimes contradicting supporting evidence. Here, we propose that the Ediacaran record consists of the Maldonado Group (Playa Hermosa, Las Ventanas and San Carlos formations), and the Tacuarí, Barriga Negra, Rocha and Sierra de Aguirre formations. The Arroyo del Soldado Group (Yerbal, Polanco Limestones and Cerro Espuelitas formations) and the Arroyo de la Pedrera Group (Piedras de Afilar and Cerro Victoria formations) were likely deposited between 700 and 1000 Ma. The best available radiometric age constraints indicate intense magmatic–tectonic activity occurred between 600 and 560 Ma, incompatible with previous models suggesting a stable, Atlantic-type passive margin on this portion of southwestern Gondwana. Further research is needed in order to firmly establish a consistent litho- and chronostratigraphic framework; particularly, before attempting any regional or global correlation, and inferences on global paleoenvironmental and paleobiological events.  相似文献   

Erratum to “The Albian-Cenomanian boundary at Eggardon Hill, Dorset (England): An anomaly resolved?” [Proc. Geol. Assoc. 120 (2009) 108-120]     

M.A. Woods  C.J. Wood 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(1):88-101

Re-examination of the classic exposures of the Eggardon Grit (topmost Upper Greensand Formation) at Eggardon Hill, Dorset shows that the upper part of this unit has a more complex stratigraphy than has been previously recognised. The Eggardon Grit Member, as described herein, is capped by a hardground and associated conglomerate, and is entirely of Late Albian age. The hardground is probably the lateral equivalent of the Small Cove Hardground, which marks the top of the Upper Greensand succession in southeast Devon. The conglomerate is overlain by a thin sandy limestone containing Early Cenomanian ammonites. This limestone is almost certainly the horizon of the Early Cenomanian ammonite fauna that has previously been attributed to the top of the Eggardon Grit. The limestone is regarded as a thin lateral equivalent of the Beer Head Limestone Formation (formerly Cenomanian Limestone) exposed on the southeast Devon coast. The fauna of the limestone at Eggardon suggests that it is probably the age equivalent to the two lowest subdivisions of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon, with a remanié fauna of the Pounds Pool Sandy Limestone Member combined with indigenous macrofossils of the Hooken Nodular Limestone Member. The next highest subdivision of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon (Little Beach Bioclastic Limestone Member), equates with the ammonite-rich phosphatic conglomerate of the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’, which caps the Beer Head Limestone at Eggardon, and which was previously regarded as the base of the Chalk Group on Eggardon Hill.Petrographic analysis of the Eggardon Grit shows that lithologically it should more correctly be described as a sandy limestone rather than sandstone. The original stratigraphical definition of the unit should probably be modified to exclude the softer, nodular calcareous sandstones that have traditionally been included in the lower part of the member.Without the apparently clear evidence of unbroken sedimentation across the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, suggested by the previous interpretation of the Eggardon succession, it is harder to argue for this being a prevalent feature of Upper Greensand stratigraphy in southwest England. Correlation of the Eggardon succession with successions in Dorset and southeast Devon reveals a widespread regional break in sedimentation at the Albian-Cenomanian boundary. The sand-rich facies above this unconformity represent the true base of the Chalk Group, rather than the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’ of previous interpretations.Selected elements of regionally important Upper Greensand ammonite faunas previously reported from Shapwick Quarry, near Lyme Regis, and Babcombe Copse, near Newton Abbot, are newly figured herein.  相似文献   

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Kilwa Group, southern coastal Tanzania   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Christopher J. Nicholas  Paul N. Pearson  Paul R. Bown  Tom Dunkley Jones  Brian T. Huber  Amina Karega  Jackie A. Lees  Ian K. McMillan  Aoife O&#x;Halloran  Joyce M. Singano  Bridget S. Wade 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2006,45(4-5):431-466

The geology of southern coastal Tanzania has remained poorly understood since the first comments on its stratigraphy were made over 100 years ago. However, new field surveys combined with shallow drilling along the coast between Kilwa and Lindi are beginning to resolve the depositional history and structural evolution of this region over the past 85 Ma. Here we present the first attempt to synthesize the results of these studies to provide a coherent sedimentological, litho- and sequence stratigraphic framework, including new geological maps, for the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of the coastal zone.Santonian to Oligocene sediments crop out along a broad coastal belt south of the Rufiji River from the Kilwa peninsula to Lindi Creek in southern Tanzania. During 55 Ma, over 1 km of a broadly homogeneous, mid to outer shelf clay-dominated succession was deposited across the passive margin, which we define here as the Kilwa Group. This lies disconformably across the shelf on Albian marls and is itself unconformably overlain by shallow water Miocene clays and more recent limestones, sands and gravels. Four formations can be identified within the Kilwa Group on the basis of characteristic secondary lithologies and facies, described here for the first time; the Nangurukuru, Kivinje, Masoko and Pande Formations. These formations include conformable stratigraphic intervals through both the Paleocene–Eocene and Eocene–Oligocene boundaries. Within the Kilwa Group, 12 sequence stratigraphic cycles can be identified at present, demonstrating relatively uniform and continual subsidence across the margin from Santonian to Early Oligocene time. A further major bounding surface is present between the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene, but this may become partly conformable in the Lindi area. Although the principal lithology in all formations is clay or claystone, there are more permeable intervals containing pervasive coarser siliciclastic sediments and these have yielded traces of crude oil which is likely to have migrated from lower in the succession. The Kilwa Group thus also provides important new evidence for petroleum play development in the southern coastal zone.  相似文献   

Lochkovian (earliest Devonian) transgressions and regressions along the “Tethyan” margin of Gondwana: A review of lithostratigraphical data     

Dmitry A. Ruban 《Gondwana Research》2011,20(4):739-744

Global sea-level rise and consequent regional transgressions are hypothesized at the beginning of the Devonian. A brief review of lithostratigraphical data available from three regions of the “Tethyan” margin of Gondwana, namely Northern Africa, Arabia, and the Tethys Himalaya, suggests that all of them were characterized by a regressive setting in the Lochkovian. In contrast, data from some terranes of the Greater Galatian Superterrane provide evidence of early Lochkovian transgression. The regressive setting documented on the 'Tethyan' margin of Gondwana differs from the transgressive–regressive cycles of Euramerica and the norm of global sea-level rise followed by a highstand. Only regional tectonic processes including those linked with dynamic topography could explain these differences. These processes may have been associated with syn-rift uplift preceding the opening of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean, mantle uplift at the supercontinent margin, or the Eo-Variscan orogenic phase.  相似文献   

The Lower Albian (Lower Cretaceous) Monk's Bay Sandstone Formation (formerly the Carstone) of the Isle of Wight: Its distribution, litho- and biostratigraphy     

Peter M. Hopson  Ian P. Wilkinson  Mark A. Woods  Andrew R. Farrant 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):816-830

The Monk's Bay Sandstone Formation (MBSF) is the new name for the Lower Albian ferruginous sandstone that was formerly known as the Carstone of the Isle of Wight. The new term was proposed to remove any confusion with the Carstone, of similar age and lithology, described from the separate Lower Cretaceous sedimentary basin of Eastern England. This paper formalises the nomenclatural change outlined in the Lower Cretaceous Framework Report, ratified by the Geological Society Stratigraphy Commission.The MBSF, representing a major mid-Albian transgressive event, is described from a series of boreholes drilled by the British Geological Survey across the Isle of Wight, and from additional coastal exposures, together with reinterpretations of sections described in earlier works.The age range of the MBSF is determined in relation to recent biostratigraphical schemes supported with new data from the previously unknown presence of foraminifera. Deposits, belonging to the Leymeriella regularis Subzone, were previously considered to be absent from the succession and represent the stratigraphical gap separating the formation from the underlying Sandrock Formation. However a first occurrence of tubular foraminifera resembling Hyperammina/‘Rhizammina cf dichotomata’ suggest that the oldest part of the formation in the northeast of the island may be of regularis Subzone age. This unconformity is correlated with the sequence boundary LG4 of Hesselbo and the presence of the Sonneratia kitchini Subzone at the base of the MBSF on the Isle of Wight suggests that this boundary should be placed at the lower of two candidate horizons within the successions of the Weald.The formation is restricted to the Isle of Wight but is coeval with similar coarse-grained sediments, e.g. the Carstone and ‘JunctionBeds’ to the north. The palaeogeography of the formation and the relationship with these similar deposits and the implications for the timing of mid-Albian structural events is briefly discussed. The identification of older Lower Greensand Group sediments beneath the MBSF in boreholes north of the Isle of Wight structure, together with new survey data indicating north-south orientated faulting affecting the early Cretaceous implies a tectonic element to the distribution the Lower Greensand Group sediments. Taken together these imply a complex interaction of tectonics and transgressive events throughout the Aptian and Albian over this structural high.  相似文献   

The geological history of the Isle of Wight: an overview of the ‘diamond in Britain's geological crown’     

Peter Hopson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):745-763

The geology of the Isle of Wight has attracted both the amateur and professional geologist alike for well over two centuries. It presents a cornucopia of things geological and offers a window into the fascinating story of the geological history and landscape development of southern England, as well as an important teaching resource for all levels of study from primary education through to academic research.This paper provides a geological framework and a summary of the history of research as context for the papers in this issue can be placed. Inevitably, it can only offer a précis of the huge amount of information available, but it is hoped will also give added impetus to further investigation of the literature or, indeed, new research.The island offers a field workshop for topics such as lithostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, tectonics and climate change; studies that are becoming ever more international in their influence. There are 15 Sites of Special Scientific Interest designated because of their geological importance and a number of these are internationally significant.After a brief discussion on the concealed geology, this paper concentrates on an outline of the near-surface geology on the coast and inland, and introduces a different view on the structure of the Cretaceous and Palaeogene strata. The enigmatic Quaternary deposits are discussed particularly with reference to the development of the Solent River, human occupation and climate change.  相似文献   

Tectonostratigraphy and depositional history of the Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences in Kid area,southeastern Sinai,Egypt: Implications for intra-arc to foreland basin in the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

This paper presents a stratigraphic and sedimentary study of Neoproterozoic successions of the South Sinai, at the northernmost segment of the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS), including the Kid complex. This complex is composed predominantly of thick volcano-sedimentary successions representing different depositional and tectonic environments, followed by four deformational phases including folding and brittle faults (D₁–D₄). The whole Kid area is divisible from north to south into the lower, middle, and upper rock sequences. The higher metamorphic grade and extensive deformational styles of the lower sequence distinguishes them from the middle and upper sequences. Principal lithofacies in the lower sequence include thrust-imbricated tectonic slice of metasediments and metavolcanics, whereas the middle and upper sequences are made up of clastic sediments, intermediate-felsic lavas, volcaniclastics, and dike swarms. Two distinct Paleo- depositional environments are observed: deep-marine and alluvial fan regime. The former occurred mainly during the lower sequence, whereas the latter developed during the other two sequences. These alternations of depositional conditions in the volcano-sedimentary deposits suggest that the Kid area may have formed under a transitional climate regime fluctuating gradually from warm and dry to warm and humid conditions.Geochemical and petrographical data, in conjunction with field relationships, suggest that the investigated volcano-sedimentary rocks were built from detritus derived from a wide range of sources, ranging from Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic continental crust. Deposition within the ancient Kid basin reflects a complete basin cycle from rifting and passive margin development, to intra-arc and foreland basin development and, finally, basin closure. The early phase of basin evolution is similar to various basins in the Taupo volcanics, whereas the later phases are similar to the Cordilleran-type foreland basin. The progressive change in lithofacies from marine intra-arc basin to continental molasses foreland basin and from compression to extension setting respectively, imply that the source area became peneplained, where the Kid basin became stabilized as sedimentation progressed following uplift. The scenario proposed of the study area supports the role of volcanic and tectonic events in architecting the facies and stratigraphic development.  相似文献   

江西及广东北部中生代晚期地层层序和时代—兼论《江西省岩石地层》中存在的问题   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

巫建华  周维勋等 《地质论评》2002,48(1):44-53

根据地层发育程度和沉积特征,以萍乡－广丰深断裂和三南－寻乌深断裂为界,江西及广东北部中生代晚期可划分为北、中、南三个地层区。根据不整合面和岩石组合特征,以群级岩石地层单位与火山旋回或沉积旋回相对应为原则,北区可划分出火把山群和圭峰群,中区可划分出武夷群、罗塘群或版石群和圭峰群,南区可划分出余田群、版石群或罗塘群。根据岩性岩相特征,以组级岩石地层单位与复合岩相或沉积岩相相对应为原则,余田群可划分为水头迳组和菖蒲组,武夷群划分为双峰岭组、鹅湖岭组和石溪组,版石群划分为合水组和优胜组,罗塘群划分为白埠组、周田组和邓家组,火把山群划分为丘家组、天台山组、冷水坞组和周家店组,圭峰群划分为河口组、塘边组和莲荷组。根据同位素年龄数据和化石资料,余田群的地质时代属中侏罗世;武夷群主体属晚侏罗世,顶部石溪组跨入早白垩世;罗塘群或版石群属早白垩世晚期－晚白垩世早期;火把山群属早白垩世,圭峰群属晚白垩世晚期。  相似文献   

雅砻江锦屏水电站地区褶皱分期及其对岩石地层的影响研究     

赵德军  吴山  吴德超 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

根据褶皱构造的分类、分期原则,首次将雅砻江锦屏水电站地区褶皱划分为3期:第1期为印支造山期主褶皱;第2期为印支期后层内流变褶皱,第3期为燕山期—喜山期叠加褶皱。这3期褶皱在类型、规模和特征上各具特色,晚期褶皱对早期褶皱还存在叠加关系,从而对本区构造格局的形成以及地层岩石的展布、形态和厚度变化等方面起着直接的控制作用。印支期主褶皱在宏观上控制了坝区地层岩石的总体分布,第二期和第三期褶皱造成坝区岩层厚度、形态、岩性组合的明显变化。  相似文献