基于岩体塑性位错理论的龙门山区域构造系统演化过程     

师皓宇  黄辅琼  马念杰  王永建  马骥  邹光华  彭瑞 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3581-3589

青藏高原对四川盆地的挤压作用导致了龙门山断裂带的形成及其山脉的隆起。本文以龙门山附近区域板块运动以及深部岩体力学特性为背景,采用FLAC3D软件模拟再现了时间跨度为700万年的龙门山区域构造系统演化过程。研究结果表明：在板块运动作用下,F1、F2和F3断层依次形成,贯通的断层对地表的抬升具有较强的控制作用,当断层贯通于地表后,龙门山及其以西的川西高原持续隆起,平均抬升速率约为138mm/yr,而龙门山断裂带以东的川西坳陷只有较小的抬升量,从而导致川西高原抬升8996 m, 致使该区域产生6000m左右的落差,模拟的地形特征与目前的龙门山地形地貌基本相似。依据模拟结果与实测资料,绘制了龙门山断裂带形成及其附近区域地形地貌的演化过程图,呈现了板块挤压、断层塑性位错、地表侵蚀和沉积作用等因素共同作用对地形地貌的塑造过程。  相似文献   

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACTIVITY OF MIYALUO FAULT AND WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE     

LI Zhen-yue  WAN Yong-ge  SHENG Shu-zhong 《地震地质》2019,41(1):72-83

Under the background of thrusting stress regime, a large number of strike-slip earthquakes occurred on the Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process, which is in the southern part of the Longmenshan Fault. In order to find the cause of their occurrence, stress tensors in subregions near the Miyaluo Fault are estimated. The result shows that in both north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault, the direction of principal compressive stress is nearly perpendicular to the Longmenshan Fault, and its dip is nearly horizontal, and the direction of tensile stress is nearly vertical. While in the Miyaluo fault zone, the direction of principal compressive stress is SWW-NEE, and its dip is nearly horizontal, the direction of principal tensile stress is NNW-SSE, also its dip is nearly horizontal. It is consistent with sinistral shear stress state in the Miyaluo fault zone. It was referred that the behavior of Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process was caused by tearing effect generated from unbalanced forces of two sides of the fault. To understand the rupture mode of the aftershocks in subregions as described above, the total seismic moment tensors are estimated by adding the corresponding component separately of the seismic moment tensor of aftershocks in each region. The result shows the similar trend of total seismic moment tensor components in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault(indicating the consistency of rupture mode in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault), and most seismic moment tensor components in the south side is higher than that in the north side, especially the compression component perpendicular to Longmenshan Fault and expansion component in the vertical direction. It indicates that thrusting component in the southeast direction in the south side is greater than that in the north side, and the thrusting difference causes the sinistral tearing effect of the Miyaluo Fault. We also find that the sinistral tearing component of the Miyaluo Fault is the same order of magnitude with the thrusting difference of its two sides, which indicates that the tearing effect of Miyaluo Fault can be completely explained by thrusting difference of its two sides. According to the analysis, we put forward the dynamic model of the Miyaluo Fault, which can explain the above phenomenon.  相似文献   

2013年芦山地震震源区地壳介质地震波速变化的特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王俊  郑定昌  张金川  詹小艳  钱婷 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):517-531

为探究芦山M7.0级地震后5年多来,震源区龙门山断裂带西南段介质波速的变化规律,本文基于2012年4月至2018年4月共6年的连续波形数据,运用移动窗互谱与频域偏振等分析方法,结合背景噪声源的特性,对不同深度范围内的相对波速变化以及震后的恢复过程与机制进行了研究.获得的主要认识包括：（1）年尺度而言,震源区周期为1~20 s的背景噪声场相对稳定,但成分复杂、2~10 s频带内至少存在2个能量相对稳定的噪声源;不同周期噪声的能量,在月变与季节性上的变化特征差异明显.（2）获得了长时间尺度、不同频带内介质相对波速的背景变化水平,1~2 s、2~4 s的波动幅度（约为±0.04%）与季节性变化规律强于4~10 s、10~20 s的,结合与降雨量相关的地下水位模型能很好地解释其变化规律.（3）震源区的同震波速降低现象清晰,降幅约为0.08%~0.1%;空间上,波速下降最为显著的区域主要集中在龙门山断裂带两侧约70 km范围内,其中四川盆地一侧平均约为0.1%,略高于青藏高原（0.08%）一侧;在断裂带内的降速不显著.对不同子频带进行测量的结果显示,震后除10~20 s外,其余3个子频带的相对波速在震后较短时间内（约20天左右）均出现较大幅度的波速降低现象,其中4~10 s的平均降速最大（约为0.08%）,分析认为主震及大量余震的松弛效应是引起介质波速下降的主要原因.（4）震后大约1年左右,波速变化基本恢复到震前水平,且至2018年4月前未观察到大幅的波速变化现象,总体上各频带内的结果均沿零线小幅波动.  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF SATELLITE GRAVITY FIELD AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM IN THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

TANG Jing-tian  YANG Lei  REN Zheng-yong  HU Shuang-gui  XU Zhi-min 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1136-1154

Longmenshan fault zone is a famous orogenic belt and seismic zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau of China. The Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 and the Ya'an M_S7.0 earthquake on April 20, 2013 occurred in the central-southern part of Longmenshan fault zone. Because of its complex geological structures, frequent earthquakes and special geographical locations, it has attracted the attention of many scholars around the world. Satellite gravity field has advantages in studying gravity field and gravity anomaly changes before and after earthquake. It covers wide range, can be updated regularly, without difficulty in terms of geographical restrictions, and is not affected by environmental factors such as weather, terrain and traffic. Therefore, the use of high-precision Earth satellite gravity field data inversion and interpretation of seismic phenomena has become a hot topic in earth science research. In order to understand satellite gravity field characteristics of the Longmenshan earthquake zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau and its seismogenic mechanism of earthquake disasters, the satellite gravity data was used to present the terrain information of the study area. Then, by solving the regional gravity anomaly of the Moho surface, the crustal thickness of the study area was inverted, and the GPS velocity field data was used to detect the crustal deformation rate and direction of the study area. Combining the tectonic setting of the Longmenshan fault zone and the existing deep seismic sounding results of the previous researchers, the dynamic characteristics of the gravity time-varying field after the earthquake in the Longmenshan earthquake zone was analyzed and the mechanism of the earthquake was explored. The results show that the eastward flow of deep materials in the eastern Tibetan plateau is strongly blocked at the Longmenshan fault zone. The continuous collision and extrusion process result in a "deep drop zone" in the Moho surface, and the long-term stress effect is conducive to the formation of thrust-nappe and strike-slip structures. The Longmenshan earthquake zone was in the large-scale gradient zone of gravity change before the earthquake, the deep plastic fluid material transport velocity differed greatly, the fluid pressure was enhanced, and the rock mechanical strength in the seismic source region was weakened, which contributed to the intrusion of crustal fluid and the upwelling of the asthenosphere. As a result, the continuous accumulation of material and energy eventually led to continuous stress imbalance in the deep part and shear rupture of the deep weak structure, causing the occurrence of the thrust-nappe and strike-slip earthquake.  相似文献   

Dynamic mechanisms controlling the topography of Longmenshan area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xie  Yuan  Li  Yongdong  Xiong  Xiong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):121-131

The Longmenshan fault, which defines the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the steepest margins of the plateau with a sharp elevation drop of about 4 km over a distance less than 100 km across the Longmenshan fault. The mechanism which is responsible for controlling and maintaining the elevation difference is highly debated. Using multiple observations including seismic velocity model, Moho depth, effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, we conducted a quantitative study for elucidating the contributions from crust and lithospheric mantle by an integrated analysis of lithospheric isostasy and flexure. It is shown that the topography of the Longmenshan fault is supported by both lithospheric isostasy and flexure statically, and lower crustal channel flow and mantle convection dynamically. Different mechanisms have different weights for contribution to the topography of the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Sichuan Basin. The static and dynamic support contribute roughly the same to the topographic difference of ~4 km between the two sides of the Longmenshan fault. The static topographic difference of ~2 km is mainly resulted from the lithospheric isostasy, while the dynamic one of ~2 km is contributed by the uprising of the accumulated material in the lower crust beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block and the downward drag force caused by the upper mantle convection under the Sichuan Basin. It is thus suggested that the lower crustal flow and upper mantle convection are dynamic forces which should be taken into account in the studies on the dynamics in the Longmenshan and surrounding regions.  相似文献   

川西北甘溪地区吉维特阶核形石特征、成因及地质意义     

周刚  郑荣才  赵罡  文华国  温龙斌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(2)

川西北龙门山前甘溪地区吉维特阶发育一套厚2~3m灰-深灰色微生物岩,由直径0.1~4.0cm的核形石组成,其核心皆由早期葛万藻及其他生物碎屑组成,包壳由具同心圈层结构的亮色和暗色含葛万藻的纹层组成,并可分为球状、帽状和变形状3类核形石微生物岩,垂向上可分4个旋回,从底到顶核形石密度和粒径总体变密、变大,平面上呈不均匀发育。核形石样品具不同程度的δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值负偏移和~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr正偏移特征,表明核形石微生物岩层遭受过古表生期大气淡水的影响,其中亮色纹层与球状核形石微生物岩受大气淡水影响最为强烈,核形石是在葛万藻发育、水流扰动及大气淡水参与的环境下,葛万藻包覆于生屑的外缘而成,藻类越发育、水体能量越高、沉积环境越稳定,形成的核形石粒径越大、丰度越高。核形石微生物岩在纵、横向分布特征,表明在全球中泥盆统艾菲尔期—吉维特期海平面上升背景下,龙门山地区吉维特金宝石组末期表现为至少6期次脉动式且逐渐强烈的构造抬升作用,造成该地区金宝石组末期海平面大幅下降而暴露于地表遭受大气淡水的淋滤作用。  相似文献   

龙门山和相邻地域航磁场特征与汶川大地震   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

闫亚芬  滕吉文  阮小敏  胡国泽 《地球物理学报》2016,59(1):197-214

本文应用化极、水平及垂向导数、向上延拓、视磁化强度填图及磁性界面反演等方法处理了龙门山及相邻地域最新的航空磁测数据,分析了龙门山及相邻地域的航磁异常展布特征.研究结果表明:1)龙门山造山带与其东、西两侧可划分为三个磁异常区:松潘—甘孜磁异常区、龙门山负磁异常带、四川盆地磁异常区;三个区、带的地壳介质磁性结构存在明显差异.2)根据该区航空磁异常场的分布特征分别研究了,松潘—甘孜地块、龙门山造山带和四川地块的磁场特征.3)除识别前人识别的断层外,还推断鲜水河ES延伸甘洛—雷波北断裂作为四川盆地与滇西的界带.4)航空磁异常,磁性体上、下界面及磁源体深度的空间分布特征与汶川MS8.0大地震及芦山地震发生相关.  相似文献   

龙门山中段中央断裂和前山断裂的晚新生代垂向活动性差异及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

谭锡斌  徐锡伟  李元希  袁仁茂  于贵华  许冲 《地球物理学报》2015,58(1):143-152

2008汶川地震之后,多个研究组对龙门山的新生代剥蚀历史进行了研究,但是在龙门山推覆构造带中段,剥蚀历史研究主要集中在彭灌杂岩,而彭灌杂岩东侧(即中央断裂下盘)的热年代学资料相对缺乏,其剥蚀历史还比较模糊.对于彭灌杂岩东侧岩体的新生代剥蚀历史研究,不仅可以了解龙门山推覆构造带的新生代断层活动历史,而且对于青藏高原东缘的新生代隆升机制具有重要约束作用.在前人热年代学研究基础上,在龙门山推覆构造带中段中央断裂和前山断裂附近补充了一些裂变径迹样品.采用外探测器法(external detector method)对样品进行裂变径迹分析,实验测试在台湾中正大学裂变径迹实验室完成.实验获得了6个锆石裂变径迹和6个磷灰石裂变径迹年龄.前山断裂上盘,AFT(磷灰石裂变径迹)年龄以小鱼洞断裂为界存在明显的差异,其中小鱼洞断裂以南的样品AFT年龄为39Ma,小鱼洞断裂以北的4个AFT年龄介于6—8 Ma之间.研究揭示出中央断裂和前山断裂的新生代活动性以NW向小鱼洞断裂为界存在较大差异:距今8Ma以来,小鱼洞断裂以北,中央断裂和前山断裂的平均垂向滑动速率分别为约0.1mm·a-1和约0.55mm·a-1;小鱼洞断裂以南,平均垂向滑动速率则分别为约0.55mm·a-1和约0.1mm·a-1.低温热年代学方法获得的断层新生代垂向滑动速率与汶川地震断层垂向同震位移分布基本一致.前山断裂(小鱼洞断裂以北)距今8 Ma以来北西-南东向水平缩短量达到8~12km,表明地壳缩短是造成龙门山抬升和剥蚀的重要因素之一.本研究结论不支持下地壳增厚模型对于龙门山隆升的解释.  相似文献   

金川—芦山—犍为剖面重力异常和地壳密度结构特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杨光亮  申重阳  吴桂桔  谈洪波  石磊  汪健  张品  王嘉沛 《地球物理学报》2015,58(7):2424-2435

重力剖面金川—芦山—犍穿越芦山震区,近垂直于龙门山断裂带南段,长约300km,测点距平均2.5km,采用高精度绝对重力控制下的相对重力联测与同址GPS三维坐标测量,获得了沿剖面的自由空气异常和布格重力异常,并对布格重力异常进行了剩余密度相关成像和密度分层结构正反演研究.结果表明,芦山地震所在的龙门山断裂带南段存在垂直断裂走向的宽广的巨型重力梯级带,重力变化达252×10-5 m·s-2以上(龙泉山以西),反映出四川盆地与松潘—甘孜地块地壳厚度陡变(约14.5km)性质;四川盆地与松潘—甘孜地块过渡区(龙门山断裂带与新津—成都—德阳断裂之间)存在(30~50)×10-5 m·s-2的剩余异常"凹陷",可能与上地壳低密度体、山前剥蚀与松散堆积和推覆体前缘较为破碎有关;剩余密度相关成像显示地壳密度呈现分段性特征,在芦山地震位置出现高低密度变化;地壳呈现三层结构,四川盆地上、中、下地壳底界面平缓,反映其稳定阻挡作用,而松潘—甘孜块体上、中、下地壳底界面明显往盆地逐步抬升,反映出青藏高原往东的强烈挤压作用;松潘—甘孜块体往东推覆变形主要集中在上地壳范围内,推覆深度随离龙门山断裂带愈近而越浅.本文通过对密度分布及结构特征的研究,分析了芦山地震及龙门山地区地壳构造背景和当前活动性的深部动力环境特征.  相似文献   

芦山M7．0地震余震分布特征     

蔡一川  魏娅玲  苏金蓉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):83-88

使用双差定位方法,对2013年4月20日08时02分芦山 M 7．0地震后近10天的余震进行重新定位,获得精度较高的重定位结果;在此基础上,对余震空间分布特征进行研究,推测芦山主震的发震断层可能为大川-双石主断裂东侧的一条次级隐伏逆冲断层。  相似文献