南极乔治王岛中——新生代岩浆岩Sr—Nd—Pb同位素组成及源区特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

邢光福  陶奎元 《岩石学报》1997,13(4):473-487

对乔治王岛１１个火山岩和２个侵入岩样品做了Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ－Ｐｂ同位素分析，其中（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０３２６～０．７０３９２，εＮｄ＝３．０２～６．７２，２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１７．７７６～１８．５１５，２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．．５０６～１５．５７１，２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３７．８６８～３８．３０８。根据以上同位素组成及其相互关系并结合岩石学和微量元素特征及火山岩中熔融包裹体成分，得出以下结论：（１）研究的乔治王岛岩浆岩起源于亏损地幔（ＤＭＭ）和地幔流体交代成因的富集地幔ＥＭＩ混合形成的源区；（２）该源区具有广义Ｄｕｐａｌ异常，它正是由于ＥＭＩ组份加入即通过流体交代作用而产生的；（３）流体主要是俯冲深海沉积物脱碳酸盐作用而释放出的富ＣＯ２流体。  相似文献   

Origin of composite dikes in the Gouldsboro granite, coastal Maine   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R.A. Wiebe  R. Ulrich 《Lithos》1997,40(2-4):157-178

Composite dikes, consisting of aphyric basaltic margins and phenocryst-rich rhyolitic interiors, cut the Gouldsboro granite of coastal Maine at many localities. Limited hybridization (exchange of crystals, commingling, and mixing) occurs in most of the dikes and indicates that the two magmas were contemporaneous with emplacement of rhyolitic magma following closely in time the initial emplacement of the basaltic dike. Petrographic characteristics and geochemistry indicate that the source of the rhyolite was resident magma in the Gouldsboro granite magma chamber. The composite dikes formed when basaltic dikes ruptured the Gouldsboro magma chamber, permitting partly crystallized magma from the margin of the chamber to flow outward into the center of the basaltic dikes. Field relations of similar composite dikes in other areas (e.g., Iceland, Scotland) are consistent with this model. A second type of composite dike (silicic margins with chilled basaltic pillows) commonly cuts mafic intrusions along the Maine coast and probably formed when a granitic dike ruptured an established chamber of mafic magma, permitting resident mafic magma to collapse downward into the still Liquid granitic dike. Most composite dikes have probably formed when a magma chamber was disrupted by a dike of contrasting magma rather than by tapping a stratified magma chamber.  相似文献   

Osmium-strontium-neodymium-lead isotopic covariations in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and the heterogeneity of the upper mantle   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Pierre Schiano  Jean-Louis Birck  Claude J. Allgre 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1997,150(3-4):363-379

Osmium, strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic data have been obtained for 30 hand picked samples of basaltic glass from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian mid-oceanic ridges. Large variations in Os isotopic ratios exist in the glasses, from abyssal peridotite-like values to radiogenic compositions similar to oceanic island basalts (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁶Os and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios range from 1.06 to 1.36 and from 0.128 to 0.163, respectively). Os isotopic and elemental data suggest the existence of mixing correlations. This relationship might be ascribed to secondary contamination processes; however, such a hypothesis cannot account for the negative correlation observed between Os and Nd isotopes and the existence of complementary covariations between Os and SrPb isotopes. In this case, OsSrNdPb isotopic variations are unrelated to late post-eruption or shallow level contamination. These relationships provide strong evidence that the Os isotopic composition of the samples are derived from the mantle and thus implies a global chemical heterogeneity of the oceanic upper mantle. The results are consistent with the presence of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle sources of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and indicate that the unique composition of the upper mantle below the Indian ocean results from its contamination by a mantle component characterized by radiogenic Os and particularly unradiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic compositions.  相似文献   

Hypolimnetic density currents traced by sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)     

Jürg W. Schlatter  Alfred Wüest  Dieter M. Imboden 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(3):225-242

The artificial tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) has been used to study the density-driven deep water exchange between two sill-separated basins of Lake Lucerne, Gersauersee and Urnersee. The sources of the density gradients between the two basins are (1) salinity differences between the major inlets due to the different geology of their drainage areas, and (2) temperature differences due to spatial variation of wind forcing. Wind speeds are generally larger in Urnersee, especially in spring during the so-called Föhn events, when winds blow from the south. In contrast, Gersauersee is protected form these winds. In spring 1989, a total of 630 g of SF₆ was released at 80 to 120 m depth in the small Treib Basin located between Urnersee and Gersauersee. During about 100 days the distribution of SF₆ in the lake was determined by gaschromatography. Two models are used to quantify the exchange flow, (1) a one-box mass balance model for SF₆ in the deep part of Treib Basin, and (2) a one-dimensional diffusion/advection model describing the temporal and vertical temperature variation in Urnersee. According to the first model, the flow into the deep hypolimnion of Urnersee, decreases from 21·10⁶ m³·d^?1 at the end of March to about 8·10⁶ m³·d^?1 in late April. The second model yields similar flow rates. The decrease of the flow rate during spring, confirmed by both approaches, is consistent (1) with the decreasing strength of the density gradient above the sill during spring and early summer, and (2) with hydrographic information collected in Lake Lucerne during other years.  相似文献   

综合物探方法在汤上屯地热勘探中的应用研究     

龙凡  韩天成 《地下水》2004,26(1):43-47

本文通过联剖、电测深、磁法和测温法等综合工作成果,分析、推断出汤上屯热水构造的产状、性质和热水出露条件,圈定出了热水分布范围.  相似文献   

The role of diapycnal mixing for the equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation     

Rezwan Mohammmad  Johan Nilsson 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(1):54-65

Using a zonally averaged, one-hemispheric numerical model of the thermohaline circulation, the dependence of the overturning strength on the surface equator-to-pole density difference is investigated. It is found that the qualitative behavior of the thermohaline circulation depends crucially on the nature of the small-scale vertical mixing in the interior of the ocean. Two different representations of this process are considered: constant vertical diffusivity and the case where the rate of mixing energy supply is taken to be a fixed quantity, implying that the vertical diffusivity decreases with increasing stability of the water column. When the stability-dependent diffusivity parameterization is applied, a weaker density difference is associated with a stronger circulation, contrary to the results for a fixed diffusivity. A counterintuitive consequence of the stability-dependent mixing is that the poleward atmospheric freshwater flux, which acts to reduce the thermally imposed density contrast, strengthens the thermally dominated circulation and its attendant poleward heat transport. However, for a critical value of the freshwater forcing, the thermally dominated branch of steady states becomes unstable, and is succeeded by strongly time-dependent states that oscillate between phases of forward and partly reversed circulation. When a constant vertical diffusivity is employed, on the other hand, the thermally dominated circulation is replaced by a steady salinity-dominated state with reversed flow. Thus in this model, the features of the vertical mixing are essential for the steady-state response to freshwater forcing as well as for the character of flow that is attained when the thermally dominated circulation becomes unstable.Responsible Editor: Jin-Song von Storch  相似文献   

Evidence for high-Ca boninite magmatism from Paleogene primitive low-K tholeiite, Mukoojima, Hahajima Island group, southern Bonin (Ogasawara) forearc, Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kosuke  Maehara  Jinichiro  Maeda 《Island Arc》2004,13(3):452-465

Abstract   High-Ca boninitic inclusions are found in primitive low-K tholeiite from Mukoojima (Mukoo-Jima), an islet in the Hahajima Island group, Bonin (Ogasawara) forearc, Japan. While Chichijima Island group, 50 km north of Hahajima Island group, is well known as a type locality of boninite, there has been no report of boninitic rocks from the Hahajima Island group. The high-Ca boninitic inclusions are aphanitic and contain olivine, Ca-rich clinopyroxene, plagioclase, chromian spinel, opaque minerals and dark brown glass. The mode of occurrence of the inclusions and host tholeiite under the microscope indicates mingling of these two magmas, suggesting intimate association in space and time of the boninite and primitive tholeiite magmas around the Hahajima Island group in Paleogene time. Primitive compositions and slightly different Sr and Nd isotopic ratios suggest that these two magmas are derived from two distinct mantle sources. These two mantle sources were present at the same time around the Hahajima Island group, southern Bonin forearc. The source of the high-Ca boninite was higher in water content and/or shallower in depth compared to that of the primitive tholeiite.  相似文献   

用混合和扩散云室对大气冰核浓度的观测分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨绍忠  王祥国  游来光  皮家雄 《气象》2004,30(12):39-43

继1963年用混合云室对春季冰核浓度观测之后，1994～1996年，在同季节、同地点用混合和静力扩散云室又做了同步观测。对取得的资料进行整理分析，得出了凝华核浓度在不同天气背景下占总冰核浓度的百分比，两种云室测值的对应关系；分析了扩散云室的容积效应及冰核浓度随气压、能见度等气象因子的变化。  相似文献   

安徽铜陵铜官山矿区中生代岩浆-热液过程：来自岩石包体及其寄主岩的证据   总被引：18，自引：11，他引：18  

杜杨松秦新龙  田世洪 《岩石学报》2004,20(2):339-350

安徽铜陵铜官山矿区的燕山期中酸性-酸性小侵入岩体在时间上和空间上与区内的层控矽卡岩型铜(金)矿床密切相关。在这些小侵入岩体中，特别是在老庙基、小铜官山和金口岭岩体中，产有二长质到闪长质的同源包体、角闪石堆积岩包体和黑云母片岩残余包体。对这三类岩石包体及其寄主岩进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究以及单矿物氧同位素分析，同时收集了相关的岩石化学和地球化学资料，为阐明矿区岩浆-热液过程提供了依据。分析结果表明，闪长岩和辉石岩包体的(^87r／^86Sr)，为0．7070～0．7073，εM(t)为-9．7，而石英二长闪长岩主岩(^87r／^86Sr)。为0．7072～0．7077，εNd(t)为-10．6～-11．9。铜官山矿区堆积岩包体中的堆积晶、同源包体和寄主岩中的斑晶以及同源包体及寄主岩中的基质的矿物结晶温度分属890～970℃，730～755℃和675～730℃三个区间，对应的深度为24～29km，9～15km和4～6km。它们分别代表了深位岩浆房、浅位岩浆房和岩浆侵位处矿物结晶的温度和深度深位岩浆房的深度对应于岩石圈中下地壳硅镁层的深度，而浅位岩浆房的深度对应于岩石圈中-新元古界浅变质岩系的深度从宕石包体及其寄主岩锶、钕同位素以及岩石学和矿物学资料来看，深位岩浆房中的岩浆可能是由底侵的碱性玄武岩浆与下地壳硅镁层发生相互作用形成的，而浅位岩浆房中的岩浆可能是由来自深位岩浆房的演化岩浆与中-新元古界浅变质岩系发生相互作用形成的。二长质同源包体与黑云母片岩残余包体过渡，有时闪长质同源包体与寄主岩过渡，相互之间的界线模糊不清。角闪石堆积岩包体中金属氧化物和硫化物的共存表明，在堆积岩结晶时已有相当数量的铁、铜和硫溶解在演化的岩浆中。由此可以推断，已初步富集铁、铜和硫的演化岩浆与深度同浅位岩浆房相当且富合成矿元素的变质岩发生同化混染作用，可以富集足够的成矿物质以形成铜官山矿区的矽卡岩型铜铁硫化物矿床，矿区同源包体中斜长石的δ^18OSMOW‰值为9．0～9．2，寄主岩中斜长石和石英为9．4～9．9，矽卡岩中石榴石和石英为3．92～11．84，矿石中磁铁矿和石英为3．84～5.85，而相应的δ^18H2O‰值在寄主岩中为6．87，矽卡岩中为6.85～6.89，矿石中为8．18～12．64。此外，在寄主岩及其岩石包体中同时产有熔融包裹体、熔融-流体包裹体和流体包裹体，并能见到不混溶包裹体。这些事实结合矿物平衡地质温度计计算结果和收集的包裹体测温资料，表明矿区的岩浆-热液过程可以分为：1)岩浆结晶；2)岩浆流体出溶和出溶流体演化(大致对应于矽卡岩化)；和3)成矿热液活动(对应于铜金矿化)三个阶段。  相似文献   

水泥搅拌桩与锚杆组合支护结构的力学参数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵剑豪  陈振建  方家强 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):265-270

水泥搅拌桩--锚杆组合支护结构是一种新型的组合支护结构,笔者采用有限元方法进行各相关力学参数研究,分析了该组合支护结构的受力特性及变形性态.通过计算结果与实测数据的比较,表明本文所得结论对该组合支护结构的应用有一定的指导价值.  相似文献