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21.
22.
Synthesis of Environmental Impacts of Deep Seabed Mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
23.
Occurrence of baddeleyite (ZrO2) which is a rare mineral has been recorded in ferromanganese
nodules of Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB). The mineral occurs either as independent isolated
sub-rounded to elliptical grains or in clusters forming fine subhedral crystals (<3 mm) within ferromanganese
concretionary growth bands. The mode of occurrence, textural features and chemistry of the
mineral suggest detrital and possibly an authigenic origin for baddeleyite. For authigenic origin it is
proposed that zirconium might have got released either from the terrigenous sediments or the altered
seafloor rocks forming halogen complexes and subsequently it has re-precipitated in the form of baddeleyite
within manganese nodules under oxic to sub-oxic conditions. 相似文献
24.
G. P. Glasby 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):161-176
The first attempt to exploit deep-sea manganese nodules ended in failure as a result of the collapse of world metal prices, the onerous provisions imposed by the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the overoptimistic assumptions about the viability of nodule mining. Attention then focused on Co-rich manganese crusts from seamounts. Since the mid-1980s, a number of new players have committed themselves to long-term programs to establish the viability of mining deep-sea manganese nodules. These programs require heavy subsidy by the host governments. Au-rich submarine hydrothermal deposits located at convergent plate margins are now emerging as a more promising prospect for mining than deep-sea manganese deposits. 相似文献
25.
Peter Herzsprung Martin Schultze Bertram Boehrer Anja Duffek Andrea Van der Veen Kurt Friese 《Limnologica》2010,40(2):182-190
Between 1999 and 2002, a former open-cast mine was filled with river water forming the recent Lake Goitsche. During filling initially acid water was neutralised. Phosphorus (P) imported from Mulde River was nearly completely removed from the water column by co-precipitation with iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) and deposited in the sediment.During extremely high waters of the Mulde River in 2002, a dike breach facilitated a second high import of P into Lake Goitsche with suspended and dissolved matter. The analysis of total phosphorus (TP), however, showed that P again had been eliminated from the water body a few months after the flood event. Sediment investigations before filling with river water, during filling, and after the flood event were used to analyse the process of P immobilisation in a lake with acid mine drainage history.The ratios of Fe to soluble reactive P (SRP) of sediment pore water were up to three orders of magnitudes higher than in natural lakes and can serve as an indicator for potential internal P loading from sediments. The SRP concentrations at the oxic/anoxic boundary were near or below the limit of quantification (< 0.2 μmol/L). Fe and manganese (Mn) redox cycling were responsible for hindering P dissolution from sediment to lake water.Finally it can be stated, that the risk of eutrophication for such a lake seems to be low. 相似文献
26.
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28.
Theories related to the precipitation mechanism of the metallic elements in marine manganese nodules have remained controversial between two schools of thoughts (1) chemical oxidation (abiotic origin) and (2) deposition of the metals through microbial enzymatic processes (biogenic origin). One of the most important evidence in support of the biogenic origin is the occurrence of fossilized microbes. However, well-documented literature in this regard is either lacking or very scanty in case of Indian Ocean nodules. Using high resolution FEG-SEM we have recorded various biogenic signatures and ultra microfossils in the ferromanganese nodule samples from Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) that are presented in this paper. The microfossils are mostly protozoans belonging to varieties of bacteria, diatoms and foraminifera. Some of the features recorded in this study have perhaps never been reported before from any manganese nodules. The chemical compositions of these ultra microfossils indicate a high-level of manganese precipitation in and around them in comparison to the distant surrounding areas. While clumpy microbes are enriched with nickel, the rod shaped bacteria are rich in copper. Up to 4.70 wt.% nickel and 5.31 wt.% Cu have been recorded in the fossilized microbe bodies. The high abundance of biogenic features as well as microfossils in the ferromanganese nodules and their chemical compositions support arguments in favor of a dominant role of the microorganisms in the construction of the nodules of the CIOB. 相似文献
29.
Nuclear reaction analyses on boron in flux-grown Me3+- and Na+-doped diopside crystals utilising the 11B(p,2α)4He reaction in conjunction with EMP analyses for major elements and optical absorption spectroscopy for determination of Me-valence
state distributions show that appreciable amounts of B may enter the diopside lattice in crystals produced in Na2B4O7 fluxes. The results indicate that the substitution [6]Me3+[4]B3+[6]Mg2+
−1
[4]Si4+
−1 operates in the present diopside samples in addition to the coupled substitution [6]Me3+[8]Na+[6]Mg2+
−1
[8]Ca2+
−1. The specific NRA technique applied allows for quantitative, high resolution (ca. 5 μm) B analyses at ppm level as well as
high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of B-concentration patterns in minerals. The estimated detection limit and relative
error of the B analyses are 10 ppm and 5–10%, respectively.
Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 6 June 2000 相似文献
30.
安徽贵池地区含锰岩系地质地球化学特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
安徽贵池地区沉积锰矿床赋存于二叠纪孤峰组,包括沉积作用形成的碳酸锰矿和经后期氧化作用形成的氧化锰矿。二叠纪含锰岩系一般为钙、泥、硅质岩石组合,主要处于二叠纪孤峰组下部,自东向西钙质增加、厚度变大。常量元素特征为Ca、Si低,Mn、Fe、P相对富集。微量元素总体特征显示本区锰矿层及含锰岩系的物质来源具有多源性,Sr异常和Sr/Ba值以及Co/Ni值反映出当时含锰岩系处在高盐度的海相沉积环境。稀土元素属LREE富集型。球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式图显示重稀土亏损特点,均为右倾斜、中等Eu、Ce负异常,利用海水的标准化值进行标准化的模式曲线,则出现明显的Ce正异常特征,反映区内沉积物具有相似的物质来源。氧、碳同位素具有比较大的变化范围,δ^13CV.PDB=-4.1‰~5‰,δ^18OV.PDB=-3.4‰~-9.9‰,表明碳的来源主要为早二叠纪海水的重碳酸盐。6个含锰灰岩样品δ^18OSMOW值稳定在22‰~24‰,这些均一的氧同位素组成可能反映出它们有一个相似的海相源区。古海水温度比正常沉积要高,约49~71℃,综合地球化学各参数特征分析表明本区孤峰组含锰岩系的沉积是热水活动间歇式、多次活动的结果。含锰岩系和锰的物源既有热水成因的也有非热水成因的物质。结合沉积特征及地史演化分析,自栖霞期发生的海侵在茅口早期达最大,本区处于深水陆棚相-盆地相沉积环境,发生含锰地层的沉积。 相似文献