Geochemistry of the late Cenomanian-early Turonian chalks of the Paris Basin: Manganese and carbon isotopes in carbonates as paleooceanographic indicators     

B. Pomerol 《Cretaceous Research》1983,4(1):85-93

In the North Atlantic DSDP/IPOD cores, carbon isotope data on the bulk carbonates show significant fluctuations. In sediments now exposed on land coeval fluctuations in the carbon isotope concentrations are also recorded in pelagic and epeiric facies. For instance, in the Upper Cretaceous chalks of the Paris Basin, there is a major break at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. At this time, the manganese content of the chalks was also at a maximum and consequently a positive relation can be demonstrated between δ¹³C and manganese concentrations. The same positive correlation is also recorded in many pelagic limestones.In the North Atlantic cores, carbon isotope events are related to the black shale facies and to global oceanic anoxic events and one can suppose that in sediments deposited on the continental margins they are also related to mildly anoxic conditions. Considering the manganese geochemistry in carbonate rocks, a high manganese content in such a reducing environment can be found in the sediments only if the Mn concentration of the interstitial solutions are abnormally high. As a high Mn content in marine pore waters is believed to originate from hydrothermal process, Mn and δ¹³C positive excursions are ultimately related to mid-oceanic ridge activity and to a closely connected phenomenon, the great transgressive pulses during which mid-depth waters may have been anoxic. Consequently, major Mn and carbon isotope events would seem to be useful tools in paleooceanographic reconstructions.  相似文献   

Bioavailable copper and manganese in soils from Iceland and their relationship with scrapie occurrence in sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Vala Ragnarsdottir  Darren P. Hawkins 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):228

The bioavailability of trace metals can be directly linked with many common animal and human diseases. It is easier to correlate regional geochemical trends with disease distribution in the developing world because local populations and animals live from the land. In the western world, humans tend to live from the global food market whereas animals graze on the land. Recent biochemical studies have shown that the prion protein needs copper to keep its structure. If copper is not available, the prion protein can take up manganese and unfold. Preliminary results for trace metals in soil samples from scrapie-affected areas in Iceland show that bioavailable manganese manganese (easily reducible and exchangeable Mn) is very high whereas soluble copper and free copper are very low.  相似文献   

An Image Analysis Technique for Exploration of Manganese Nodules     

Chan-Young Park  Seung-Ho Park  Choon-Woo Kim  Jung-Keuk Kang  Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》1999,17(4):371-386

In order to develop the mineral resources contained in manganese nodules of the deep sea, the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) has explored the area allocated by the United Nations in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the northeastern Pacific. During research cruises, the seabed surface was photographed every 30 s by the KORDI Deep Tow Imaging System (DTIS). Features such as the coverage and size distribution of manganese nodules on the photographs serve as the essential information to determine the potential mining areas. This article presents (semi)automatic procedures to extract the useful features from the photographs of the seabed surface using digital image processing techniques. The 35-mm films are first digitized by the film scanner. The depth information written on the film is then recognized to compensate for distortions due to nonuniform illumination. The nodule areas on the digitized image are recognized and separated from the background based on the characteristics of the nodules. The nodule coverage and distribution of nodule diameters are then calculated from the processed image. The proposed technique has been applied to sample photographs of the seabed surface. Experimental results indicate that the technique could be utilized as an efficient tool to process the massive collection of photographs of the seabed surface.  相似文献   

A comparative study of iron and manganese diagenesis in continental slope and deep sea basin sediments off Uruguay (SW Atlantic)     

R. R. Haese  J. Schramm  M. M. Rutgers van der Loeff  H. D. Schulz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,88(4):619-629

Pore water and solid phase from surface sediments of the continental slope off Uruguay and from the Argentine Basin (southwestern Atlantic) were investigated geochemically to ascribe characteristic early diagenetic reactions of iron and manganese. Solid-phase iron speciation was determined by extractions as well as by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both methods showed good agreement ( <6% deviation) for total-Fe speciation. The proportion of easy reducible iron oxyhydroxide relative to total-Fe oxides decreased from the continental slope to the deep sea which is attributed to an increase in crystallinity during transport as well as to a general decrease of iron mobilization. The product of iron reoxidation is Fe oxyhydroxide which made up less than 5% of total Fe. In addition to this fraction, a proportion of smectite bound iron was found to be redox reactive. This fraction made up to 10% of total Fe in sediments of the Argentine Basin and was quantitatively extracted by 1?N HCl. The redox reactive Fe(+II) fraction of smectite was almost completely reoxidized within 24?h under air atmosphere and may therefore considerably contribute to iron redox cycling if bioturbation occurs. In the case of the slope sediments we found concurrent iron and manganese release to pore water. It is not clear whether this is caused by dissimilatory iron and manganese reduction at the same depth or dissimilatory iron reduction alone inducing Mn(+IV) reduction by (abiotic) reaction with released Fe²⁺. The Argentine Basin sediment showed a significant manganese solid-phase enrichment above the denitrification depth despite the absence of a distinct pore-water gradient of Mn. This implies a recent termination of manganese mobilization and thus a non-steady-state situation with respect to sedimentation or to organic carbon burial rate.  相似文献   

Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Nagender Nath  R. Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):285-294

As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations.  相似文献   

Ar/Ar dating of central European K–Mn oxides — a chronological framework of supergene alteration processes during the Neogene     

S. Hautmann  H. J. Lippolt 《Chemical Geology》2000,170(1-4):37-80

K-bearing Mn oxides may potentially constitute useful objects for isotopic dating of ore-forming events. A comprehensive ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study performed on supergene K–Mn oxides sampled from different sub-alpine mountain terrains in Germany and France has been undertaken. The objective of these investigations was to provide new insight into how and when these secondary Mn accumulations may have formed. Developed in supergene environments at the expense of Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺-bearing precursor minerals, the Mn⁴⁺ oxides occur either as pseudomorphic ores or as cavity-fillings and linings.

The isotopic ages range from 25 to 1 Ma, indicating intense chemical weathering, especially during the Miocene and Pliocene. It is yet too early to decide whether the age range represents a more or less continuous process or distinct weathering episodes. Formation of supergene Mn oxides may result from combined climatic and tectonic factors: local uplift, exhumation, and associated fracturing of rocks provided fresh mineral surfaces for percolating meteoric fluids that induced subsequent weathering under warm–temperate to subtropical conditions.  相似文献   

Geology, ore deposits and hydrothermal venting in Bahía Concepción, Baja California Sur, Mexico     

Antoni  Camprubí  Carles  Canet  Augusto A.  Rodríguez-Díaz  Rosa M.  Prol-Ledesma  David  Blanco-Florido  Ruth E.  Villanueva  Abigail  López-Sánchez 《Island Arc》2008,17(1):6-25

Abstract Bahía Concepción is located in the eastern coast of the Baja California peninsula and it is shaped by northwestern–southeastern normal faults. These are associated with a 12–6 Ma rifting episode, although some have been reactivated since the Pliocene. The most abundant rocks correspond to the arc related Comondú Group, Oligocene to Miocene, which forms a mainly calc‐alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic sequence. There are less extensive outcrops of sedimentary rocks, lava flows, domes and pyroclastic rocks of Pliocene to Quaternary ages. The Neogene volcanism in the area indicates a shift from a subduction regime to an intraplate volcanism related to continental extension and the opening of an oceanic basin. The Bahía Concepción area contains numerous Mn ore deposits, being the biggest at El Gavilán and Guadalupe. The Mn deposits occur as veins, breccias and stockworks, and are composed by Mn oxides (pyrolusite, coronadite, romanechite), dolomite, quartz and barite. The deposits are hosted in volcanic rocks of the Comondú Group and, locally, in Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Thus, the Mn deposits formed between the Middle Miocene and the Pliocene. The mineralized structures are associated with Miocene northwestern–southeastern fault systems, which are analogous to those associated with the Cu‐Co‐Zn‐Mn deposits of El Boleo. The Bahía Concepción area also bears subaerial and submarine hot springs, which are associated with the same fault systems and host rocks. The submarine and subaerial geothermal manifestations south of the bay are possibly related with recent volcanism. The geothermal manifestations within the bay are intertidal hot springs and shallow submarine diffuse venting areas. Around the submarine vents (5–15 m deep, 87°C), Fe‐oxyhydroxide crusts with pyrite and cinnabar precipitate. In the intertidal vents (62°C), aggregates of opal, calcite, barite and Ba‐rich Mn oxides occur covered by silica‐carbonate stromatolitic sinters. Some 10–30 cm thick crustiform veins formed by chalcedony, calcite and barite are also found close to the vents. The hydrothermal fluids exhibit mixed isotopic compositions between δ¹⁸O‐enriched meteoric and local marine water. The precipitation of Ba‐rich Mn oxides around the vent sites could be an active analog for the processes that produced Miocene to Pliocene hydrothermal Mn‐deposits.  相似文献   

贵州省松桃县道坨超大型锰矿床地质地球化学基本特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱祥坤  彭乾云  张仁彪  安正泽  张飞飞  闫斌  李津  高兆富  覃英  潘文 《地质学报》2013,87(9):1335-1348

本文报导了贵州省松桃县新发现的一个全隐伏的超大型锰矿床——道坨锰矿床的地质地球化学基本特征,为进一步开展科学研究奠定基础。矿床赋存在新元古代成冰系（南华系）大塘坡组底部的含锰碳质页岩中,主要由条带状、块状、气泡状菱锰矿矿石组成。主量元素特征为Al₂O₃、TiO₂、Fe₂O₃含量较低,中等程度的P₂O₅富集,MnO、MgO含量相对较高,Fe/Mn比值低。微量元素特征为Rb、Nb和Pb亏损,Co、Zn、Sr、Mo相对富集。稀土元素总稀土含量高、中稀土轻微富集、Ce的正异常明显为特征。道坨锰矿含锰层位中黄铁矿的δ³⁴S_-VCDT值异常高,并且变化范围小,所测试黄铁矿的δ³⁴S_-VCDT值介于56.2‰⁶3.3‰,平均60.8‰。新发现的道坨超大型锰矿床属于典型的大塘坡式锰矿床,其发现不仅为研究新元古代大规模成锰作用提供了新机遇,同时也为研究成冰系环境演化及其资源、生物效应提供了新契机。  相似文献   

云南鹤庆锰矿成矿规律控矿因素新认识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏蓉花  杨枝斌  雷阳艾  李真冲  何志芳 《云南地质》2009,28(4):415-419

鹤庆锰矿,赋存于印支运动形成的东西向裂陷槽中,成矿时限应早于松桂湖的中、晚北衙期,分出同生沉积型和淋滤充填型。控矿构造为特殊的向斜轴部“锅底凹”,成因属于火山热液同生沉积、后期改造型锰矿床。  相似文献   

云南大箐锰矿床成矿地质条件综合分析     

杜发永  杨泽刚 《矿产与地质》2006,20(1):19-22

通过对该矿区含矿地层特征、矿石物质组分、有关元素含量的综合分析,以及中三叠世该区岩相古地理的研究,说明在中三叠世法郎期,随着海平面的快速上升,来自越北古陆和上地幔的含锰热液中的锰质,在海平面进入相对静止状态时,在半封闭的五凤海湾而聚集成矿。  相似文献