中国东部新生代玄武岩及其地幔包体的氧逸度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张毅刚  鄂莫岚 《岩石学报》1994,10(2)

地幔环境的氧逸度与温度和压力一样，是控制许多地幔过程的一个重要参数。本文计算了中国东部几个具有代表性地区的玄武岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的氧逸度，尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的氧逸度变化不大，均位于１ｏｇ（ｆｏ２）＝ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ）＋０．０左右，而各地区玄武岩的氧逸度却变化很大，其平均值从尚志地区的ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ＋０．６到长白山地区的ｌｏｇ（ｆｏ２ＦＭＱ）＋３．３左右（其中东北地区钾质玄武岩的氧逸度比除尚志以外其它地区的低），并且总体具有比地幔橄榄岩高得多的氧逸度。推测钾质玄武岩和尚志地区破性玄武岩的氧逸度比中国东部其它地区玄武岩的氧逸度低的可能原因是，前二个地区的玄武岩来源于更深部的（金云母）石榴石二辉橄榄岩，而其它地区的玄武岩来源于略浅部的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。  相似文献   

The Darfur Dome,western Sudan: the product of a subcontinental mantle plume     

G. Franz  D. Pudlo  G. Urlacher  U. Haussmann  A. Boven  K. Wemmer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(3):614-623

Field investigations, K-Ar age determinations and chemical data were used to describe the development of an intraplate volcanic province, the Darfur Dome, Sudan. Magmatism started 36 Ma ago at a small subvolcanic complex (Jebel Kussa) in the center of the dome and was active in the same area between 26 and 23 Ma. Two major volcanic fields (Marra Mountains and Tagabo Hills) developed between 16 and 10 Ma. Volcanism started again at 6.8 Ma with a third volcanic field (Meidob Hills) and at 4.3 Ma in the Marra Mountains and with the reactivation of the center. Activity then continued until the late Quaternary. Having started in the center of the Darfur Dome, volcanism moved in 36 Ma 200 km towards the NNE and 100 km SSW No essential difference in the alkaline magma types (basanitic to phonolitic-trachytic, with different amounts of assimilation of crustal material) in the different fields, was observed. Magmatism is thought to have been produced by a rising mantle plume and volcanism was triggered by stress resolution along the Central African Fault Zone.  相似文献   

地幔对流与岩石层板块的相互耦合及影响──（Ⅰ）球腔中的自由热对流     

叶正仁  滕春凯 《地球物理学报》1995,38(2):174-181

板块运动是地幔对流的主要证据之一．同时，作为地球动力系统中一个相对独立部分，板块自身的存在和运动对地幔内部物质的流动形态有巨大影响．地幔内部的流动由两部分组成：一是由内部非绝热温度差异造成的自由对流解；另一部分是由在地表运动的板块所激发．作为系列工作的第一部分，本文研究球腔中的自由热对流问题．得到了对地幔对流研究有实际意义的下边界为自由、上边界为刚性情况下的临界瑞利数值，不同的瑞利数时球腔内流场和温度场的分布形态等．  相似文献   

地幔流体与成矿作用   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

曹荣龙  朱寿华 《地球科学进展》1995,10(4):323-329

地球内部流体的活动乃是形成各种矿床的必要条件，是导致矿物聚积和金属成矿作用的前提。随着地球科学的进展，作为地球内部流体的重要组成部分，地幔流体越来越多的重视。本文在解剖世界首例白云鄂博地幔流体交代稀土矿床的基础上，初步总结了地幔流体与成矿作用的基本问题。  相似文献   

地幔地球化学研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王岳军  韩吟文 《地球科学进展》1995,10(6):572-576

系统地介绍了近二十年来地幔地球化学在全球及区域地幔平均化学组成，地幔的化学不均一性及区域太产分布，地幔交代作用，化学地球动力学，地幔物理化学环境等五个方面的研究现状与进展。  相似文献   

北天山地震活动区地热信息的观测与研究     

王道 《内陆地震》1995,9(3):276-285

１９８９年以来，在北天山重点监视区设立了６个地热观测站（３个热水井，３个温泉），采用分辨率为０．０００１℃，精度为±０．００５℃的石英数字温度计连续记录水温的动态变化。观测结果表明：水温有两类正常动态类型，即稳定动态和年周期动态。４次中强地震前后水温出现明显的异常变化，震后变化更为剧烈。地热前兆异常形态各异，因井泉不同而不同。认为，深入研究活动断裂带和地热异常区的热信息不仅对寻找地震前兆，而且对地震危险区判定具有重要作用。  相似文献   

伊通地堑上地幔剪切带   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张小鸥 《地震地质》1995,17(2):167

通过研究糜棱岩型幔源包体的变形显微构造、位错亚构造及组构特征，确定它是上地幔剪切带的代表物质。该带形成温度为７２９～８２８℃、压力为１．１０～１．３８ＧＰａ、差异应力为９７～１５０ＭＰａ、应变速率为ＩＯ￣（－１４）～１Ｏ￣（－１２）ｓ￣（－１）、等效粘滞度为１０～１０００ＥＰａ·ｓ和深度为３７～４５ｋｍ。这是一种与地幔底辟作用有关的规模较小的缓倾斜剪切带，也是应变集中带，能导致上地幔地震波速各向异性，并与地震活动有关  相似文献   

Lithosphere formation in the central Slave Craton (Canada): plume subcretion or lithosphere accretion?     

Sonja Aulbach  William L. Griffin  Norman J. Pearson  Suzanne Y. O’Reilly  Buddy J. Doyle 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,154(4):409-427

Major-element compositions of minerals in peridotite xenoliths from the Lac de Gras kimberlites provide constraints on the mode of lithosphere formation beneath the central Slave Craton, Canada. Magnesia contents of reconstructed whole rocks correlate positively with NiO and negatively with CaO contents, consistent with variable partial melt extraction. Alumina and Cr₂O₃ contents are broadly positively correlated, suggestive of melt depletion in the absence of a Cr–Al phase. Garnet modes are high at a given Al₂O₃ content (a proxy for melt depletion), falling about a 7 GPa melt depletion model. These observations, combined with high olivine Mg# and major-element relationships of FeO-poor peridotites (<7.5 wt%) indicative of melt loss at pressures >3 GPa (residual FeO content being a sensitive indicator of melt extraction pressure), and similar high pressures of last equilibration (∼4.2 to 5.8 GPa), provide multiple lines of evidence that the mantle beneath the central Slave Craton has originated as a residue from high-pressure melting, possibly during plume subcretion. Apparent low melt depletion pressures for high-FeO peridotites (>7.5 wt%) could suggest formation in an oceanic setting, followed by subduction to their depth of entrainment. However, these rocks, which are characterised by low SiO₂ contents (<43 wt%), are more likely to be the result of post-melting FeO-addition, leading to spuriously low estimates of melt extraction pressures. They may have reacted with a silica-undersaturated melt that dissolved orthopyroxene, or experienced olivine injection by crystallising melts. A secular FeO-enrichment of parts of the deep mantle lithosphere is supported by lower average Mg# in xenolithic olivine (91.7) compared to olivine inclusions in diamond (92.6).  相似文献   

High-pressure partial melting of gabbro and its role in the Hawaiian magma source     

G. M. Yaxley  A. V. Sobolev 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,154(4):371-383

We have conducted high-pressure experiments on a natural oceanic gabbro composition (Gb108). Our aim was to test recent proposals that Sr-enrichment in rare primitive melt inclusions from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, may have resulted from melting of garnet pyroxenite formed in the magma source regions by reaction of peridotite with siliceous, Sr-enriched partial melts of eclogite of gabbroic composition. Gb108 is a natural, Sr-enriched olivine gabbro, which has a strong positive Sr anomaly superimposed on an overall depleted incompatible trace element pattern, reflecting its origin as a plagioclase-rich cumulate. At high pressures it crystallises as a coesite eclogite assemblage, with the solidus between 1,300 and 1,350°C at 3.5 GPa and 1,450 and 1,500°C at 4.5 GPa. Clinopyroxenes contain 4–9% Ca-eskolaite component, which varies systematically with pressure and temperature. Garnets are almandine and grossular-rich. Low degree partial melts are highly siliceous in composition, resembling dacites. Coesite is eliminated between 50 and 100°C above the solidus. The whole-rock Sr-enrichment is primarily hosted by clinopyroxene. This phase dominates the mode (>75 wt%) at all investigated PT conditions, and is the major contributor to partial melts of this eclogite composition. Hence the partial melts have trace element patterns sub-parallel to those of clinopyroxene with ≈10× greater overall abundances and with strong positive Sr anomalies. Recent studies of primitive Hawaiian volcanics have suggested the incorporation into their source regions of eclogite, formerly gabbroic material recycled through the mantle at subduction zones. The models suggest that formerly gabbroic material, present as eclogite in the Hawaiian plume, partially melted earlier than surrounding peridotite (i.e. at higher pressure) because of the lower solidus temperature of eclogite compared with peridotite. This produced highly siliceous melts which reacted with surrounding peridotite producing hybrid pyroxene + garnet lithologies. The Sr-enriched nature of the formerly plagioclase-rich gabbro was present in the siliceous partial melts, as demonstrated by these experiments, and was transferred to the reactive pyroxenite. These in turn partially melted, producing Sr-enriched picritic liquids which mixed with normal picritic partial melts of peridotite before eruption. On rare occasions these mixed, relatively Sr-rich melts were trapped as melt inclusions in primitive olivine phenocrysts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Cryptic crustal contamination of MORB primitive melts recorded in olivine-hosted glass and mineral inclusions     

Vadim S. Kamenetsky  Andrey A. Gurenko 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(4):465-481

The origin of compositional heterogeneities among the magmas parental to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) was investigated using a single rock piece of the olivine-phyric basalt from 43°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (AII D11-177). The exceptional feature of this sample is presence of very primitive olivine crystals (90–91 mol% Fo) that are significantly variable in terms of CaO (0.15–0.35 wt%). A population of low-Ca olivine (0.15–0.25 wt% CaO) is also notably distinct from high-Ca olivine population in AII D11-177, and primitive MORB olivine in general, in having unusual assemblage of trapped mineral and glass inclusions. Mineral inclusions are represented by high-magnesian (Mg# 90.7–91.1 mol%) orthopyroxene and Cr-spinel, distinctly enriched in TiO₂ (up to 5 wt%, c.f. <1 wt% in common MORB spinel). Glass inclusions associated with orthopyroxene and high-Ti Cr-spinel have andesitic compositions (53–58 wt% SiO₂). Compared to the pillow-rim glass and “normal” MORB inclusions, the Si-rich glass inclusions in low-Ca olivine have strongly reduced Ca and elevated concentrations of Ti, Na, K, P, Cl, and highly incompatible trace elements. Strong variability is recorded among glass inclusions within a single olivine phenocrysts. We argue that the observed compositional anomalies are mineralogically controlled, and thus may arise from the interaction between hot MORB magmas and crystal cumulates in the oceanic crust or magma chamber.  相似文献