扎龙自然保护区宽带鼓藻属(鼓藻目)一新种     

付志鑫  李雪  刘妍  范亚文 《湖泊科学》2017,29(5):1274-1278

2011-2012年间对扎龙国家级自然保护区的藻类标本进行采集及观察鉴定.研究发现,该区域鼓藻类植物生物多样性较高,共观察到90个分类单位.研究过程中发现宽带鼓藻属的一个新种——Pleurotaenium parvulum Li,FanWei.该物种特征为植物体单细胞,细胞小型,长圆柱形;半细胞顶端平截,其缘边横断面可见5个小结节;细胞壁平滑或具点纹;半细胞具两个轴生星状的色素体,每个色素体具1个蛋白核.本文比较了该物种与其相近种类之间的差异.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的外来入侵植物调查   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

葛刚  李恩香  吴和平  吴志强 《湖泊科学》2010,22(1):93-97

通过对鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的实地调查,初步确定区内有外来入侵植物12科16属19种,其中菊科最多,有4种。研究表明:对鄱阳湖湿地危害较为严重的外来入侵种有裸柱菊、野胡萝卜、野老鹳草、空心莲子草等4种,外来植物入侵主要由人为活动无意引入和自然传入共同作用产生,在保护区内的分布受到湖泊水位影响。  相似文献   

耕地用途管制制度下的济南市耕地后备资源开发利用潜力研究          下载免费PDF全文

张雅芹  齐俊  梁勇  吴闯  胡正超  于元芬 《山东国土资源》2023,39(4):77-82

本文以济南市为研究对象,运用极限条件法初判济南市耕地后备资源宜耕性并划分潜力类型区,在此基础上,采用多因素综合评价方法测算宜耕后备资源的开发复耕难易程度并划分难易程度等级。结果表明：济南市各区县宜耕未利用地分布差异较大,从潜力类型区分布来看,丰富区和较丰富区主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区和南部沿黄区域,较匮乏区主要分布在北部平原区和南部山区,资源匮乏区主要为中部主城区附近。济南市易开发后备资源主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区。该研究可为济南市不同地域后备资源开发时序安排,科学编制耕地占补平衡和进出平衡方案提供参考。  相似文献   

Implementing marine reserve networks: A comparison of approaches in New South Wales (Australia) and New Zealand     

Simon A. Banks  Greg A. Skilleter 《Marine Policy》2010

Marine reserve networks are an essential and effective tool for conserving marine biodiversity. They also have an important role in the governance of oceans and the sustainable management of marine resources. The translation of marine reserve network theory into practice is a challenge for conservation practitioners. Barriers to implementing marine reserves include varying levels of political will and agency support and leadership, poorly coordinated marine conservation policy, inconsistencies with the use of legislation, polarised views and opposition from some stakeholders, and difficulties with defining and mapping conservation features. The future success of marine reserve network implementation will become increasingly dependent on: increasing political commitment and agency leadership; greater involvement and collaboration with stakeholders; and the provision of resources to define and map conservation features. Key elements of translating marine reserve theory into implementation of a network of marine reserves are discussed based on approaches used successfully in New Zealand and New South Wales (Australia).  相似文献   

福建万木林自然保护区米槠和杉木细根分解动态     

金钊  杨玉盛  董云社  齐玉春  陈光水 《地理研究》2007,26(3):491-499

应用网袋法和砂滤管法对福建省万木林自然保护区米槠、杉木细根及两树种细根混合样品分解进行了为期两年的研究。结果表明：（1）两种方法研究细根分解,米槠细根在自身群落中分解最快,月分解速率分别为0．0052（0～1mm）和0．0080（1～2mm）。此外,米槠细根及其混合样品在米槠林中分解,1～2mm径级分解快于0～1mm径级;而杉木细根及其混合样品在杉木林中分解,规律相反。林地土壤环境条件、各径级细根自身的质量特性是影响细根分解的主要因子。（2）两种方法所得结果均能应用Olso负指数方程进行较好的拟合,拟合的各项指标相近。在亚热带森林生态系统中,运用砂滤管法研究细根分解具有可行性。此外,砂滤管法研究细根分解过程中养分的释放规律,具有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   

基于Delphi-PSR模型的祁连山国家级自然保护区生态安全评价     

王毅  谢蓉蓉  王菲凤  王学福  郭生祥 《山地学报》2019,(3):328-336

祁连山是我国西部重要的生态安全屏障,是国家生态安全核心区和重点治理区。为研究祁连山国家级自然保护区生态安全状况,本文基于该自然保护区的生态系统结构和功能特征,选取24项评价指标,构建PSR(压力—状态—响应)模型,以Delphi经典法确定权重,综合评价2008年、2016年祁连山国家级自然保护区的生态安全状况。结果表明:2008年不安全度为0.1934,处于稍不安全状态;2016年为0.2454,较2008年增加了26.9%,处于很不安全状态。其中,压力因子的不安全度由0.1094升至0.1276,增加了16.6%;状态因子由0.0593升至0.0748,增加了26.1%;响应因子由0.0247升至0.0430,增加了74%;说明响应层面不安全度上升最显著。2008年与2016年相比,人类活动增加及资源过度开发是祁连山保护区生态安全水平下降的主要原因,具体表现在旅游客流量大幅度持续增加、水电和矿产的不合理开发。本研究成果可应用于其他复杂生态系统的安全评价,为国家级自然保护区生态安全提供科学管理和决策依据。  相似文献   

Litter dynamics and forest structure of the introduced Sonneratia caseolaris mangrove forest in Shenzhen, China     

Luzhen Chen  Qijie Zan  Mingguang Li  Jinyu Shen  Wenbo Liao 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):241-246

For the purpose of mangrove restoration in China, Sonneratia caseolaris has been introduced and planted in Guangdong Province outside and north of its native habitat, Hainan Province. We monitored the litter fall and forest structure of this S. caseolaris forest in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, from 1996 to 2005. The annual fluctuation in litter fall increased with increases in air temperature from spring to early summer, and reached a maximum in autumn when the fruits matured. The total litter fall was significantly affected by air temperature, day length, and evaporation, rainfall in the previous month and by typhoons. In 1998, the sixth year after cultivation, the total litter production of the mature S. caseolaris forest significantly increased. The mean annual total litter production during 1998–2005 was 15.1 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, among which, leaves and reproductive materials contributed more than 80% of the total. During the ten years of study, the DBH (diameter at 1.30 m from ground level) and tree height of S. caseolaris increased from 5.2 cm to 18.3 cm, and from 4.5 m to 13.4 m, respectively. The litter fall production was strongly correlated with forest structure parameters, such as DBH, tree height, and crown area. The R value (the ratio of the maximum total litter fall to the minimum in the same community during the investigation periods) of S. caseolaris in the present study was 1.98, indicating a low annual variation of litter fall during these ten years.  相似文献   

Analyzing the habitat suitability for migratory birds at the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in Shanghai,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bo Tian  Yunxuan Zhou  Liquan Zhang  Lin Yuan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The Dongtan Nature Reserve, one of the largest nature reserves in East Asia, is located in the mouth of the Yangtze Estuary and is an important habitat for migratory birds. The Dongtan wetlands were listed in the Chinese Protected Wetlands in 1992, and were designated as internationally important under the Ramsar Wetlands Convention in 2001 and as a national nature reserve in 2005. By their very nature and location, the estuarine and coastal habitats are dynamic and their biodiversity conservation and management relies on up-to-date spatial information. By establishing qualitative and quantitative relationships between bird populations and key habitat factors such as elevation, land cover type, tidal creek density and macrophytobenthos biomass, we developed an object-oriented image approach, in conjunction with Geographical Information Systems and the data from current field surveys, to analyze and assess the habitat suitability for the main types of birds, namely Anatidae, Charadriidae, Ardeidae and Laridae, at the reserve. The results from this study showed that about 40% of the total area of the Dongtan Reserve contained suitable habitats for these four bird families. The Scirpus mariqueter zone, mudflat zone, and tidal creeks were the most important habitats for these birds. This study indicated the potential of this approach for objective and effective evaluation of the species habitat suitability in a dynamic estuarine and coastal area. The implications of the results as a tool for biodiversity conservation, wetland conservation, and ecosystem management are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of crude oil contamination on soil physical and chemical properties in Momoge wetland of China     

Ying Wang  Jiang Feng  Qianxin Lin  Xianguo Lyu  Xiaoyu Wang  Guoping Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):708-715

Large oilfields are often coincidentally located in major river deltas and wetlands, and potentially damage the structure, function and ecosystem service values of wetlands during oil exploration. In the present study, the effects of crude oil contamination during oil exploration on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in marshes of the Momoge National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, China. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh soil near the oil wells are significantly higher than those in the adjacent control marsh. Soil water contents in oil-contaminated marshes are negatively correlated with soil temperature and are significantly lower than those in the control area, especially in fall. Crude oil contamination significantly increases the soil pH up to 8.0, and reduces available phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The concentrations of total organic carbon are significantly different among sampling sites. Therefore, crude oil contamination could potentially alkalinize marsh soils, adversely affect soil fertility and physical properties, and cause deterioration of the marshes in the Momoge National Nature Reserve. Phyto-remediation by planting Calamagrostis angustifolia has the potential to simultaneously restore and remediate the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wetlands. Crude oil contamination affects the soil physical and chemical properties, so developing an effective restoration program in the Momoge wetland is neccesary.  相似文献   

Effects of differential hillslope‐scale water retention characteristics on rainfall–runoff response at the Landscape Evolution Observatory          下载免费PDF全文

Peter A. Troch  Martijn J. Booij  Guo‐Yue Niu  Till H.M. Volkmann  Luke A. Pangle 《水文研究》2018,32(13):2118-2127

Hillslopes turn precipitation into runoff and thus exert important controls on various Earth system processes. It remains difficult to collect reliable data necessary for understanding and modeling these Earth system processes in real catchments. To overcome this problem, controlled experiments are being conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory at Biosphere 2, The University of Arizona. Previous experiments have revealed differences in hydrological response between 2 landscapes within Landscape Evolution Observatory, even though both landscapes were designed to be identical. In an attempt to discover where the observed differences stem from, we use a fully 3‐dimensional hydrological model (CATchment HYdrology) to show the effect of soil water retention characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity on the hydrological response of these 2 hillslopes. We also show that soil water retention characteristics can be derived at hillslope scale from experimental observations of soil moisture and matric potential. It is found that differences in soil packing between the 2 landscapes may be responsible for the observed differences in hydrological response. This modeling study also suggests that soil water retention characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity have a profound effect on rainfall–runoff processes at hillslope scale and that parametrization of a single hillslope may be a promising step in modeling rainfall–runoff response in real catchments.  相似文献