Resurrecting vintage paper seismic records     

Peter R. Miles  Marc Schaming  Raúl Lovera 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(4):319-329

Marine seismic data has been collected for several decades in both academia and industry. Early single channel acquisitions were often, if at all, recorded on magnetic media that are generally no longer supported for replay. Although seismic data over 10 years old has limited quality compared to modern acquisition, thousands of survey km of hard copy records remains world wide in areas with no recent coverage. In addition, many processed multi-channel datasets are now not available as digital files for a variety of reasons. Rising interest in continental margin geology in response to climate change priorities and the UNCLOS submission requirements of maritime states has created a demand to re-use these older records where the cost of new or re-acquisition is not pragmatic. Through creating digital SEG-Y files from images of these records they can be reprocessed and re-interpreted. This paper investigates the practicalities of paper seismic record re-use and measures the performance of a typical conversion option as an indicator of the validity of the concept. Examples of applications of the process illustrate what can be achieved and the limitations that exist so that users can make an informed choice of whether to resurrect their information.  相似文献   

Actors working the institutions in sustainability transitions: The case of Melbourne's stormwater management     

Rebekah R. Brown  Megan A. Farrelly  Derk A. Loorbach 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(4):701-718

The role of agency in overcoming path dependence and enabling sustainability transitions is receiving increasing attention. Currently lacking are more empirically derived explanations of the co-evolutionary dynamics between actors and institutional change that could potentially provide guidance on facilitating such transitions into the future. This paper investigates these dynamics through a longitudinal case analysis of Melbourne's transition to improved stormwater quality treatment. The complex data collection, analysis and validation approach, which included oral histories, semi-structured interviews, industry workshops and documentary analysis, examined the nuances of the actor-related strategies and institutional enabling processes throughout the different phases of the transition over the last fifty years. The results revealed the importance of a small group of loosely connected frontrunners from across government, private, community and scientific sectors who, through a mix of creating and disrupting institutional strategies, managed to facilitate a growing and diverse actor-network that steered this transition over decades. The establishment of networked bridging organisations was also instrumental because they formed different types of networks and alliances over time for protecting and deepening the reach of the transition dynamics across the city. The findings suggest there is no single cause–effect relationship nor one dominant intervention or action that shifted the urban stormwater management regime. Rather, it showed that the co-evolutionary processes between the broader transitional dynamics were played into by frontrunners and their actor-networks in such a way that emerging new narratives diffused, giving meaning to the evolving scientific agendas and on-the-ground experiments, which led to new institutional structures and enabling administrative tools. It seems as though each one of these dimensions is as crucial as the other in explaining the outcomes of this successful sustainability transition.  相似文献   

Obtaining a social licence for MPAs – influences on social acceptability     

《Marine Policy》2015

The biological success of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) depends to a large extent on their social acceptability, sometimes referred to as a social licence. Local resistance has slowed international progress towards a global network of MPAs. The causes of local resistance and limited social acceptability are poorly known, which constrains the development of new planning paradigms that could address these issues. Two case studies in New South Wales, Australia determined the factors that influenced community attitudes towards MPAs. The Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Park (PSGLMP) and Batemans Marine Park (BMP) underwent virtually identical and concurrent planning processes, however resistance to the BMP was more intense and sustained. Differences in the demographics, history, local media coverage and social impacts of each marine park contributed to these different community responses. The BMP demonstrated the ‘perfect storm’ of opposition triggers – a community struggling in the transition away from a primary production economy, a highly politicised media dominated by powerful elites with ideological objections to the park, and social impacts sufficiently profound to motivate local citizens to support an active campaign against the park. These impacts included loss of access, identity and increased competition for resources. This research points to the importance of developing a deeper understanding of the social, cultural and political landscape of the communities in which MPAs are proposed and a rethink of planning processes to better incorporate community objectives and knowledge.  相似文献   

现代地球动力过程的动力工程     

库.  ΑК 《内陆地震》1995,9(4):413-423

对地壳下面现代地球动力过程的动力问题进行了讨论。对现在地壳中地震震源区的地球物理非均匀性和自然组织形成过程中空间因子的值进行了估算。  相似文献   

青藏高原北部与东缘地震波特征对比及其地球物理意义     

张树勋 《地震工程学报》1996,18(2):67-73

藏北与滇南均是地震多发区，甘肃台网记录的该两区地震波有明显差异。滇南地震波途经青藏高原东缘到兰州，其体波波列以短周期成分为主。短周期面波Ｌ（ｇ１）和Ｌ（ｇ２）非常显著，起始尖锐。藏北地震波途经青藏高原东北部到兰州，传播介质对地震体波的短周期部分吸收相当强，体波和面波均有一定的衰减，Ｌ（ｇ１）不明显或缺失，Ｌ（ｇ２）起始缓慢，周期长。对两区地震波的对比研究表明，由于两传播路径中的上地幔与地壳上部构造差异显著，介质密度和分层不同，对地震波的吸收也就不同，从而造成两地区地震记录上的差别。  相似文献   

Defining the subject of speech - Constructions of authorship in post-unification German media discourse     

Kathrin Hörschelmann 《Geoforum》2007,38(3):456-468

This paper analyses how the authority of west German media workers to produce ‘truthful’ representations about unification and eastern Germany after 1989 was discursively constructed. Rather than simply assuming the superiority of western knowledge, I show that the right of western media producers to speak for and about east Germany had to be constructed and defended discursively on a number of registers. Western journalists, in particular, had to demonstrate their credibility towards west and east German audiences, evidence their ability to report objectively and authoritatively, and prove themselves superior in the production of knowledge. Their truth claims had to be negotiated in the midst of a range of competing discourses. The complicated constitution of audiences meant that western journalists had to cast themselves in various different roles to justify their position as ‘knowing subjects’: as explorers, surveyors, observers, commentators, mediators and/or educators. The paper explores, how the divergence between these different positions was reconciled through a number of discursive strategies. I highlight the ambivalences and internal contradictions produced within journalistic discourses as well as through the existence of differentiated audiences.  相似文献   

Capturing the stories of corporations: A comparison of media debates on carbon capture and storage in Norway and Sweden     

Katarina Buhr  Anders Hansson 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):336-345

The development and deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) are sensitive to public debates that socially frame the technology. This study examines the evolving CCS debates, focusing on the media's framing of firms. Corporations are central CCS actors, and we analyze them in light of the nation-state, which has been emphasized in previous research as the primary context of CCS politics. Empirically, we compare framings of Statoil and Vattenfall in the Norwegian and Swedish media, drawing on a qualitative dataset of news media articles published between 2005 and 2009. We conclude that firms make regular media statements either to foster legitimacy or to respond to criticism of CCS. We also conclude that framing is not necessarily linked to technological success or failure and that interpretations of the technology have different forms depending on whether the related activity occurs in domestic or foreign markets. Finally, we explain the media framings based on the domestic energy situation and politics.  相似文献   

Transient dynamic response of fluid-saturated soil under a moving cyclic loading     

Yu-Jia Hu  Yuan-Yuan Zhu  Chang-Jun Cheng 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Based on the Theory of Porous Media (TPM), a mathematical model of a two-dimensional incompressible fluid-saturated elastic soil is established, and the periodic boundary conditions are presented to analyze the transient dynamic response of this soil under a moving cyclic loading. The differential quadrature method (DQM) and the second-order backward difference scheme are applied to discretize the governing equations on the spatial and temporal domains, respectively. As application, a typical two-dimensional wave-induced transient problem with a seabed of finite thickness is analyzed, and the numerical results are compared with the analytical results presented in the present work. In addition, a transient dynamic response of fluid-saturated soil under limit moving vehicle loadings is studied. The effects of the velocity of vehicle and the volume fraction on the settlement and the pore water pressure are studied.  相似文献   

Civil society and sanitation hydropolitics: A case study of South Africa’s Vaal River Barrage     

Johann W.N. Tempelhoff 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2009,34(3):164-175

The Vaal River Barrage, situated on the south-eastern border of the Gauteng Province, has been part of the hydrological landscape of South Africa’s most populous and economically active region for more than eight decades. After its completion in 1923 the Barrage was compromised by the construction, upstream, of the Vaal Dam (1930-1933). Today the Vaal River Barrage is primarily a storage facility of sewage and industrial waste water. South Africa’s transition to a multi-racial democracy in 1994 saw a number of socio-economic and political transformations that affected the water infrastructure. In the field of sanitation infrastructure in particular, conditions have deteriorated to the extent that the health of people in many parts of the country is being compromised.Using the Vaal River Barrage as a case study, this article outlines the efforts by civil society to make the relevant government sectors aware of this hazardous state of affairs. particular attention is given to save our Vaal environment (SAVE), a non-governmental organisation, at the helm of an active campaign to reduce pollution in the Vaal River Barrage.  相似文献   

NGOs as intelligence agencies: The empowerment of transnational advocacy networks and the media by commercial remote sensing in the case of the Iranian nuclear program     

Sean Aday  Steven Livingston   《Geoforum》2009,40(4):514-522

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