信息量在地震前兆观测数据分析中的应用     

张昭栋 《内陆地震》1998,12(2):105-109

从系统论,控制论的角度出发,以聊古－１井氮氦比观测为例,利用信息量方法研究了通过动态灰箱法排除干扰影响的聊古－１井的氮氦比,并分析了氮氦比信息量的变化与地震的关系,发现在以聊古－１井为中心为１５０ｋｍ范围内。  相似文献   

顺义Ms4.0地震前兆演化特点及利用响应比进行的震前和震后趋势判断   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张永仙  刘桂萍 《地震》1998,18(1):49-56

回顾性地分析了１９９６年１２月１６日顺义Ｍｓ４．０地震前,首都圈的异常演化情况及利用加卸载响应比等方法对该地震震前形势及震后趋势进行的综合判断,结果表明,顺义地震前观震不冢非测震学的均存在的地震前兆,这些前兆具有一定程度的中期向短期演化的特点,利用响应比除可以对主震作出一定程度的预测外,还能对大余震作出不同程度的预测,作还探讨了地震日常监测中须得汲取的经验教训。  相似文献   

夜间灯光数据表征的区域经济发展水平对老年人高血压与Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率分布的影响     

廖书冰  蔡宏  袁艳琼  张蓓蓓  李义平 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(11):2177-2187

区域社会经济发展程度与老年慢性病患病率有着极强的正相关关系,而夜间灯光强度是区域经济发展程度的直接反征;因此,使用夜间灯光数据进行老年慢性病研究具有重要的现实意义。本文以湖南省常宁市为研究对象,结合珞珈一号夜间灯光数据和研究区各乡镇老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率统计数据,对常宁市26个乡镇单位老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的分布特征差异进行了分析,进而通过建立模型模拟了研究区2种老年慢性病患病率的空间分布。研究结果表明:① 研究区夜间灯光均值与老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的相关性都强于夜间灯光总量,且老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率与夜间灯光强度之间的关系要强于老年高血压患病率;② 对于同种慢性病患病率的分布,夜间灯光均值的影响要大于夜间灯光总量,且夜间灯光总量和均值对糖尿病患病率分布的影响均大于老年高血压患病率;③ 居住在高夜间灯光均值地区的老年人患高血压的风险是低夜间灯光均值地区的6.493倍,患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险为8.556倍;④研究区老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病与夜间灯光均值的一元线性拟合模型精度较高,可以较为精确地在模拟研究区老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病的患病率的空间分布。该研究成果可为夜间灯光数据在疾病研究中的应用和区域性老年人高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病原因分析,及相似病种患病情况的调査和预测提供参考。  相似文献   

RNDSI: A ratio normalized difference soil index for remote sensing of urban/suburban environments     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Understanding land use land cover change (LULCC) is a prerequisite for urban planning and environment management. For LULCC studies in urban/suburban environments, the abundance and spatial distributions of bare soil are essential due to its biophysically different properties when compared to anthropologic materials. Soil, however, is very difficult to be identified using remote sensing technologies majorly due to its complex physical and chemical compositions, as well as the lack of a direct relationship between soil abundance and its spectral signatures. This paper presents an empirical approach to enhance soil information through developing the ratio normalized difference soil index (RNDSI). The first step involves the generation of random samples of three major land cover types, namely soil, impervious surface areas (ISAs), and vegetation. With spectral signatures of these samples, a normalized difference soil index (NDSI) was proposed using the combination of bands 7 and 2 of Landsat Thematic Mapper Image. Finally, a ratio index was developed to further highlight soil covers through dividing the NDSI by the first component of tasseled cap transformation (TC1). Qualitative (e.g., frequency histogram and box charts) and quantitative analyses (e.g., spectral discrimination index and classification accuracy) were adopted to examine the performance of the developed RNDSI. Analyses of results and comparative analyses with two other relevant indices, biophysical composition index (BCI) and enhanced built-up and bareness Index (EBBI), indicate that RNDSI is promising in separating soil from ISAs and vegetation, and can serve as an input to LULCC models.  相似文献   

Ecological Quality Status of the soft-bottom communities on the algerian coast: General patterns and diagnosis     

Samir Grimes  Jean-Claude Dauvin  Zitouni Boutiba 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):1969-1977

Between 1995 and 2001, the soft-bottom communities along the 1180 km of the Algerian coast were sampled in nine gulfs and 12 harbours, providing a total of 655 samples. Eight macrozoobenthos-based biotic indices (S, N, H′, BQI, AMBI, BENTIX, BO2A and ITI) were selected to describe the general patterns of the coastal water quality status and to establish a quality diagnosis for the different zones subjected to anthropogenic pressure (e.g., harbour construction, industrial and urban pollution). Reference values were determined for each of the eight indices selected by analyzing the indices’ parameter distribution. The Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) was estimated for each index, resulting in an EQR Mean Score and an EQR Bad Score. From these EQR, we defined an EQS for each sample. The agreement between these EQS was analysed using the Kappa method in order to propose a survey strategy for the Algerian coastal waters that would take into account the soft-bottom biological compartment. The results clearly indicate that high and good quality assessments are prevalent in the gulfs, while quality assessments in harbours vary greatly from bad to good. The effect of pollution observed in the harbours can be classified in two main groups, according to when they were constructed and their relative degree of openness to the sea, which permits better water circulation and probably dilutes the pollution.  相似文献   

中国大陆活动地块边界带强震趋势研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张浪平  李志雄  邵志刚  尹祥础 《地震》2010,30(3):53-63

已有研究表明, 中国大陆活动地块边界带是我国大陆强震的主体带和集中区, 因此有必要对各边界带开展强震危险性的跟踪分析。本文分别从加卸载响应比时序演化特征、 基于对数正态分布的概率方法和b值变化特征3个方面对各边界带未来强震趋势进行了分析; 并分别根据加卸载响应比时序演化特征、 综合累积概率与条件概率、 b值下降判断了各边界带未来发生强震的危险程度。最后, 根据3种方法的分析结果, 探讨了中国大陆未来5年发生强震的可能区域。  相似文献   

SAR影像与TM影像的几种融合处理方法   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

陈彩芬  舒宁 《国土资源遥感》1999,10(4):53-57

利用彩色空间变换、比值变换及相关系数法分别对SAR影像与TM3 、TM4 、TM5 三波段影像进行融合处理。文章介绍了影像融合中的具体技术问题及其处理方法。因侧视雷达图像一般有明显的孤立噪声,所以,在进行影像融合处理之前,先对SAR影像进行预处理,文中用δ滤波法抑制孤立噪声(光斑) .最后,从视觉效果、熵、平均梯度值以及标准差等4 方面评价了影像融合的质量。  相似文献   

土壤水分及土壤-大气界面对麦田水热传输的作用   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

刘苏峡  莫兴国  李俊  刘伟东 《地理研究》1999,18(1):24-30

文章根据1996年在中国栾城农业生态试验站观测的田间试验资料,分析了土壤水分和土壤-大气界面对麦田水热传输的抑制和加速作用。对于显热和潜热输送,土壤水分起决定作用,土壤水分越小,显热通量越大,潜热通量越小,反之亦然。只在土壤水分较小时界面厚度对显热和潜热输送作用较大。对于土壤热输送,界面厚度起决定作用,界面厚度越大土壤热通量越小。分析还发现60cm深处土壤水势与叶水势和大气水势的相关系数较其它深度处的土壤水势大。0～60cm土层是确定土壤水分运动对界面水热传输影响的一个良好的指示层。  相似文献   

Assessment of the ecological status of Mediterranean French coastal waters as required by the Water Framework Directive using the Posidonia oceanica Rapid Easy Index: PREI     

Sylvie Gobert  Stphane Sartoretto  Valrie Rico-Raimondino  Bruno Andral  Aurelia Chery  Pierre Lejeune  Pierre Boissery 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(11):1727-1733

This paper describes the PREI (Posidonia oceanica Rapid Easy Index), a method used to assess the ecological status of seawater along Mediterranean French coasts. The PREI was drawn up according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/EC) and was tested on 24 and 18 stations in PACA (Provence-Alpes-Côtes d’Azur) and Corsica, respectively. The PREI is based on five metrics: shoot density, shoot leaf surface area, E/L ratio (epiphytic biomass/leaf biomass), depth of lower limit, and type of this lower limit. The 42 studied stations were classified in the first four levels of status: high, good, moderate and poor. The PREI values ranged between 0.280 and 0.847; this classification is in accordance with our field knowledge and with our knowledge of the literature. The PREI was validated regarding human pressure levels (r² = 0.74). (http://eurex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:327:0001:0072:EN:PDF).  相似文献   

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赵兴旺  张翠英 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(5):124-128

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