辽宁铁矿类型与演化     

方如恒 《国土资源》1995,(2)

运用成矿系列理论辽宁铁矿类型可划分为成矿系列组合、成矿系列、成矿亚系列、矿床成因类型（或矿床类型式）四级，并较详细地阐述了其具体内容，同时探讨了鞍山式铁矿富矿成因。铁矿在铁质来源、矿物组成、矿床类型与成矿方式等方面表现出一定的演化规律，这种演化与整个地质历史时期地幔、地壳、水圈、气圈、生物圈的演化是紧密联系着的。  相似文献   

喷气沉积矿床成因研究的几个问题     

祁思敬  马国良 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(3)

大的喷气沉积型矿床可能由穿过盆地沉积柱进入基底岩系的热水对流房排放到海底形成。热液对流模式已经取得多方面地质地球化学证据及流体动力学的定量检验。喷气成矿作用是在很长地质历史时期中广泛发育的一种重要成矿作用。大陆边缘断裂槽中的深囟水盆及相邻的碳酸盐台地上的沉陷洼地都是有利的成矿环境。  相似文献   

Potassic and low- and high-Ti mildly alkaline volcanism in the Neoproterozoic Ramada Plateau, southernmost Brazil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlos Augusto Sommer  Evandro Fernandes de Lima  Lauro Valentim Stoll Nardi  Ana Maria Graciano Figueiredo  Ronaldo Pierosan 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):237-254

Ramada Plateau Neoproterozoic volcanism represents a portion of the shoshonitic and mildly alkaline magmatism related to postcollisional events of the Brasiliano/Pan African cycle of southernmost Brazil. It is constituted by shoshonitic basic-intermediate lavas, followed by a bimodal sequence characterized by pyroclastic deposits, lava flows, and hypabyssal rocks with ages of 549±5 Ma. The shoshonitic magmatism presents greater K₂O than Na₂O₂, K₂O/Na₂O ratios close to 1, and moderate large ion lithophile and high-field strength element contents. The bimodal basic-acid volcanism presents a transitional chemical affinity with features of sodic, silica-saturated alkaline to continental tholeiitic series. Observed basic and acid rocks with contrasting Ti contents are referred to as high- and low-Ti basalt-rhyolites. Another group of acid rocks with higher Nb, Ta, and Rb values was identified as high-Nb rhyolites. The Ramada Plateau magmatism is comparable to associations related to the final stages of orogenic cycles, in which shoshonitic and high- and low-Ti alkaline magmatism reflects the melting of subduction-modified sources, whereas the high-Nb magmas show less influence of subduction-related metasomatism and are closer to magmas produced from anorogenic sources. A model of magma generation in collisional settings involving slab break-off and asthenospheric upwelling is applied to the evolution of magmatism from subduction-related to anorogenic in the Ramada Plateau.  相似文献   

Numerical Modeling of Coupled Geodynamical Processes and Its Role in Facilitating Predictive Ore Discovery: An Example from Tongling, China     

Liang-Ming Liu    Guo-Yue Yang    Sheng-Lin Peng  Chongbin Zhao 《Resource Geology》2005,55(1):21-31

Abstract. Facilitating more predictive ore discovery is becoming an increasingly challenging task for the resources geology research and exploration industry. The numerical geodynamic modeling, which uses numerical code to reproduce feedback coupling of geodynamic processes in the computer, is one of endeavors for forming sound predictive exploration strategy by thoroughly understanding the mineralization system and its controlling factors. The FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) is a two-dimensional finite-difference code for studying the mechano-thermo-hydrological behavior of a continuous porous medium after it reached equilibrium or steady plastic flow. We used the FLAC to simulate the syn-deformation cooling and fluid flowing after the intrusion was emplaced and solidified in the Fenghuangshan ore field, Tongling Cu district for guiding analysis of ore-controlling factors and selection of the exploration target area. The results of numerical computation demonstrate that the dilatant deformation zones along the contact of the intrusion control the fluid focus and the location and scale of ore bodies. Further more, the simulation results suggest a most prospective exploration area in the south high dilation zone, where the subsequent exploration supported the prediction and the test bore hole disclosed the high quality copper ore bodies in the target. This example has demonstrated the positive role of the numerical geodynamic modeling in facilitating predictive ore discovery.  相似文献   

Plume head–lithosphere interactions near intra-continental plate boundaries     

Evgene Burov  L. Guillou-Frottier  E. d'Acremont  L. Le Pourhiet  S. Cloetingh   《Tectonophysics》2007,434(1-4):15-38

Plume–lithosphere interactions (PLI) have important consequences both for tectonic and mineralogical evolution of the lithosphere: for example, Archean metallogenic crises at the boundaries of the West African and Australian cratons coincide with postulated plume events. In continents, PLI are often located near boundaries between younger plates (e.g., orogenic) and older stable plates (e.g., cratons), which represent important geometrical, thermal and rheological barriers that interact with the emplacement of the plume head (e.g., Archean West Africa, East Africa, Pannonian–Carpathian system). The observable PLI signatures are conditioned by plume dynamics but also by lithosphere rheology and structure. We address the latter problem by considering a free-surface numerical model of PLI with two stratified elasto-viscous–plastic (EVP) lithospheric plates, one of which is older and thicker than another. The results show that: (1) plume head flattening is asymmetric, it is blocked from one side by the cold vertical boundary of the older plate, which leads to the mechanical decoupling of the crust from the mantle lithosphere, and to localized faulting at the cratonic margin; (2) the return flow from the plume head results in sub-vertical down-thrusting (delamination) of the lithosphere at the margin, producing sharp vertical cold boundary down to the 400 km depth; (3) plume head flattening and migration towards the younger plate results in concurrent surface extension above the centre of the plume and in compression (pushing), down-thrusting and magmatic events at the cratonic margin (down-thrusting is also produced at the opposite border of the younger plate); these processes may result in continental growth at the “craton side”; (4) topographic signatures of PLI show basin-scale uplifts and subsidences preferentially located at cratonic margins. Negative Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in the lithosphere above the plume head provide a mechanism for crustal delamination. Inferred consequences of PLI near intra-continental plate boundaries, such as faulting at cratonic edges and enhanced magmatic activity, could explain plume-related metallogenic crises, as suggested for West Africa and Australia.  相似文献   

甘肃阳山金矿独居石Th—U—Pb化学年龄及其地质和成矿意义   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10  

杨荣生陈衍景  张复新李志宏毛世东  刘红杰赵成海 《岩石学报》2006,22(10):2603-2610

阳山金矿是西秦岭地区新发现的超大型金矿,作者运用电子探针测定了含矿花岗斑岩脉的独居石 Y-Th-U-Pb含量,采用 ChemAge 软件计算了各测点的表面年龄,各测点表面年龄落入3个组。第一组包括9个数据,来自独居石的核心部位,表面年龄变化于297-251 Ma,等时线年龄为268±4Ma(MWSD=0.24),记录了勉略洋俯冲引发的晚古生代弧岩浆活动。第二组包括12个数据,表面年龄变化于237～207Ma,等时线年龄为220±3Ma(MWSD=0.20),属花岗斑岩侵入结晶年龄,与西秦岭碰撞型花岗岩开始大规模发育的时间一致。第三组包括7件位于独居石边缘的测点,表面年龄变化于200～179Ma,等时线年龄为190±3Ma(MSWD=0.15),属阳山金矿的成矿时间。因此,阳山金矿成矿时间与西秦岭中生代陆陆碰撞体制的大规模流体成矿事件一致,是陆陆碰撞体制流体成矿作用的典型代表  相似文献   

青藏高原的构造分区及其边界的变形构造特征   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

崔军文张晓卫  唐哲民 《中国地质》2006,33(2):256-367

宏观构造特征的确立对青藏高原隆升和“动力学建模”具有重要意义。青藏高原是由来自塔里木-中朝板块的北昆仑-阿尔金-祁连地体,华南-东南亚板块的南昆仑地体、可可西里-巴颜喀拉地体和冈瓦纳古陆的羌塘地体、冈底斯地体及喜马拉雅地体等3大板块(或古陆)的6个地体经多次裂解、会聚和陆内俯冲作用拼合而成的巨型“会聚-陆内俯冲型”岩石圈块体,它以青藏高原南缘结合带、青藏高原北缘结合带和青藏高原东缘结合带依次与印度岩石圈块体、塔里木-阿拉善-鄂尔多斯岩石圈块体和扬子岩石圈块体相隔。按现今动力学特征,这一巨型岩石圈块体(一级构造单元)又可进一步划分为喜马拉雅、藏北、青南和昆仑-阿尔金-祁连等4个二级构造单元(地块),它们依次以雅鲁藏布江结合带、西金乌拉-金沙江结合带、中昆仑结合带为界。4个地块又可进一步划分为若干以断裂为界的三级构造单元(地体)。组成青藏岩石圈块体的各构造单元处于统一的地球动力学系统,它总的表现为:在印度板块向欧亚板块持续、强烈俯冲和热的、具柔性流变学特征的青藏块体整体向北北东方向移动的区域构造背景上,其南、北两侧的喜马拉雅地块、昆仑-阿尔金-祁连地块分别向冷的、刚性的印度岩石圈块体和塔里木- 阿拉善-鄂尔多斯岩石圈块体不对称逆冲叠覆。位于青藏高原腹部的藏北地块和青南地块,在深部存在大量低速体向上涌动和整体自西向东扩展的区域构造背景上,前者叠置近南北向挤压,形成以南北向断陷带及北西和北东向共轭走滑为主的构造格局,而青南地块除松潘-甘孜地体显示自北而南的逆冲叠覆外,可可西里-巴颜喀拉地体以逐一向东挤出的左行走滑作用为主,以致整个青南地块呈现向扬子岩石圈块体逆冲扩展和向三江构造带平移扩展。因此,就现今动力学而言,青藏高原在随着时间推移、隆升速度不断加快的同时,还逐渐向外缘的刚性地块扩展,即高原面积在不断增大。因此青藏高原的边界具有扩展性质,按扩展机制可区分两类扩展型动力边界:走滑型扩展边界和逆冲型扩展边界。典型的走滑型扩展边界位于青藏高原北缘的阿尔金山和青藏高原东缘的三江地区,青藏高原南缘的动力边界属典型的逆冲型扩展边界,而位于祁连山和龙门山的动力边界兼有逆冲和走滑双重扩展性质。  相似文献   

西藏达金海相碎屑岩的组成、地球化学特征及其构造背景     

闫臻方爱民  潘裕生李继亮刘小汉  俞良军 《岩石学报》2006,22(4):949-960

达金海相碎屑岩出露于西藏冈仁波齐峰山脚下,长期以来,该套岩石与冈底斯砾岩一起被视为印度-亚洲板块碰撞形成的陆相磨拉石.该套岩石组合是由凝灰质粉砂岩、杂砂岩、含砾杂砂岩和砾岩组成的一套深海-浅海相沉积组合.杂砂岩、砾岩碎屑组成与地球化学组成研究表明,该套岩石组合的形成与岛弧的发展密切相关,源区大地构造背景以岛弧为主,但也存在被动大陆边缘和碰撞构造带（蛇绿混杂带）两个不同构造背景的源区.区域上,在该套岩石组合的北侧存在着冈底斯岛弧带,南侧为雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂带.这些特征共同表明,达金海相碎屑岩是西藏雅鲁藏布缝合带与冈底斯岛弧带之间的日喀则弧前盆地的一部分.  相似文献   

宝鸡市地质灾害现状及防治对策     

马宗科 《陕西地质》2006,24(2):99-104

宝鸡市地质环境复杂,加之人为不合理工程活动的影响,导致地质灾害频发,引起当地政府和社会各界的普遍关注。本文分析了宝鸡市地质灾害现状、分布特征、形成条件与影响因素和目前防治中存在的问题,并对今后地质灾害防治工作提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

新元古代岩浆Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床地质特征、形成时代及其地球动力学背景   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吕林素  毛景文  刘君  陈刚  张作衡  谢桂青  王瑞廷 《矿床地质》2007,26(4):397-416

岩浆硫化物矿床已成为矿床学研究的热点之一。罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆的汇聚与裂解受到国际地学界的广泛关注,通过对中国新元古代岩浆Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床的研究,将有助于推动Rodinia研究的深入。最新的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法和硫化物矿石Re-Os法定年结果表明,宝坛、煎茶岭、冷水箐和金川Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床均形成于新元古代早期(1000~800Ma),且从南到北、从东到西,成矿时代依次变新,即从宝坛(982±21)Ma→煎茶岭(878±27)Ma→冷水箐(约800Ma)→金川(833±35)Ma,而矿床规模从宝坛中型Ni-Cu-Co-(PGE)矿床→煎茶岭大型Ni-Co矿床→冷水箐中型Ni-Cu-(PGE)矿床→金川超大型Ni-Cu-Co-(PGE)矿床,这些矿床均处于克拉通边缘,即扬子克拉通南缘、北缘和西缘以及华北克拉通西南缘。中国新元古代岩浆Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床按其所处的大地构造位置可划分为桂北、勉略宁、盐芦和龙首山等4个成矿带,且它们的形成均与Rodinia超大陆的拼合与裂解密切相关。  相似文献