EM培养物在断奶仔猪中的应用     

谢为天  陈世金 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(1):74-78

在饲料中添加EM(effectivemicroorganism)培养物 ,对断乳仔猪进行饲养和疾病防治试验。结果表明 :添加EM或EM培养物的试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组及治疗组的平均增重比对照组平均增重分别高出 2 .2 6 、2 .34 和 1.2 7 。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的平均增重与对照组的平均增重间的差异在 1%水平上显著 ;试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的平均增重间差异不显著。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的料重比分别比对照组降低 0 .19、0 .18、0 .11。试验组的发病率为 6 .7% ,对照组的发病率为 4 0 % ,而防治组中患白痢的仔猪在 4d内完全康复。故在仔猪饲粮中添加EM培养物 ,可提高饲料利用率和仔猪的生长速度 ,及增强机体抗病力。  相似文献   

Structure of microbial communities and hydrocarbon-dependent sulfate reduction in the anoxic layer of a polluted microbial mat     

Abed RM  Musat N  Musat F  Mussmann M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):539-546

The bacterial communities in the anoxic layer of a heavily polluted microbial mat and their growth on hydrocarbons under sulfate-reducing conditions were investigated. Microbial communities were dominated by members of Alphaproteobacteria (27% of the total rRNA), Planctomycetes (21.1%) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB: 17.5%). 16S rRNA cloning revealed sequences beloning to the same bacterial groups with SRB affiliated to the genera Desulfobulbus, Desulfocapsa, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfobacterium and Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus. The derived enrichment cultures on crude oil, hexadecane and toluene were dominated by SRB. While most SRB sequences of the toluene and hexadecane cultures were related to the sequence of Desulfotignum toluolica, the crude oil enrichment showed a more diverse bacterial community with sequences from the genera Desulfotignum, Desulfobacter, Desulfatibacillus, Desulfosalina, and Desulfococcus. We conclude that the anoxic layer of the studied mats contains a diverse community of anaerobic bacteria, dominated by SRB, some of which are able to grow on hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Organic geochemical study of source rocks and natural gas and their genetic correlation in the eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians and Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Geochemical characteristics of organic matter in the profiles of Dukla, Silesian, Sub-Silesian and Skole units of the Polish Outer Carpathians and of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement in the Dębica-Rzeszów-Leżajsk-Sanok area were established based on Rock-Eval, vitrinite reflectance, isotopic and biomarker analyses of 485 rock samples. The Oligocene Menilite beds have the best hydrocarbon potential of all investigated formations within the Dukla, Silesian, and Skole units. The Ordovician, Silurian, Lower Devonian and locally Middle Jurassic strata of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement are potential source rocks for oil and gas accumulated in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic reservoirs. Thirty one natural gas samples from sandstone reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous-Lower Miocene strata within the Outer Carpathian sequence and eight from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement were analysed for molecular and isotopic compositions to determine their origin. Natural gases accumulated both in the Outer Carpathian and the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement reservoirs are genetically related to thermogenic and microbial processes. Thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons that accumulated in the Dukla and Silesian units were generated from the Menilite beds. Thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons that accumulated in the Sub-Silesian Unit most probably migrated from the Silesian Unit. Initial, and probably also secondary microbial methane component has been generated during microbial carbon dioxide reduction within the Oligocene Menilite beds in the Dukla Unit and Oligocene-Lower Miocene Krosno beds in the Silesian Unit. Natural gases that accumulated in traps within the Middle Devonian, Mississippian, Upper Jurassic, and Upper Cretaceous reservoirs of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement were mainly generated during thermogenic processes and only sporadically from initial microbial processes. The thermogenic gases were generated from kerogen of the Ordovician-Silurian and Middle Jurassic strata. The microbial methane component occurs in a few fields of the Dukla and Silesian units and in the two accumulations in the Middle Devonian reservoirs of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement.  相似文献   

Metabolic and Phylogenetic Profile of Bacterial Community in Guishan Coastal Water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea     

HU Xiaojuan  ;LIU Qing  ;LI Zhuojia  ;HE Zhili  ;GONG Yingxue  ;CAO Yucheng  ;YANG Yufeng 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(5):857-864

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea, at 12 sites（S1–S12） were explored by community-level physiological profiling（CLPP） with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）. Our results showed that the core mariculture area（S6, S7 and S8） and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge（S11 and S12） had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others（S1–5, S9–10）. Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data（H 3.2） was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.  相似文献   

Bacterial accumulation by the Demospongiae Hymeniacidon perlevis: A tool for the bioremediation of polluted seawater     

C. Longo  M. Licciano 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1182-1187

Sponges can filter large amounts of water, which exerts an important grazing impact on free bacteria, an important component of the diet of sponges. We examined the accumulation of bacteria in the Demospongiae (Hymeniacidon perlevis). Analyses were performed on homogenates from unstarved and starved sponges in seawater from their sampling site (the Ionian Sea). Culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios densities were measured on marine agar 2216, plate count agar and TCBS agar, respectively. Total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci, were determined by the most probable number method (MPN). H. perlevis was able to accumulate all of the six microbiological groups. Bacterial groups differed in their resistance to digestion by H. perlevis. Our data suggest that H. perlevis may accumulate, remediate and metabolize bacteria and that they may be employed as a useful bioindicator and bioremediator.  相似文献   

鲁山地区中-新元古界汝阳群和洛峪群微生物席及其矿物显微构造特征          下载免费PDF全文

郑伟  袁余洋  邢智峰  齐永安 《高校地质学报》2016,22(2):385

微生物成因沉积构造（Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures, MISS） 是底栖微生物群及其生命活动与沉积物相互 作用形成的沉积构造,是微生物群生命活动的重要产物,多出现在陆源碎屑岩中,也是微生物群落在碎屑沉积中最重要的 地质记录。该类构造在前寒武纪的广布性和显生宙的局限分布性,对于研究地球表层环境的演变具有重要意义。通过对鲁 山地区野外露头发育的MISS的详细观察和描述,依据其成因和形态观察,将其分为微生物席生长构造（Mat growth feature）、 微生物席破坏构造（Mat destruction feature） 和微生物席腐烂构造（Mat decay feature） 三种类型,包括瘤状突起、不规则侧 向生长脊、多边形网状生长脊、多边形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、不规则网状脱水裂痕、次圆状网状脱水裂痕、砂火山 构造等8个主要形态构造。根据宏观形态、镜下特征等,分析讨论了MISS的形态构造、成分、成因、沉积环境等。对含有 MISS石英砂岩的镜下石英颗粒及其矿物组分特征的研究发现,宏观上形态各异的MISS的镜下特征差别不大,并且在MISS 形成过程中生物物理沉积和生物化学沉积共同起着作用,同时也发现微生物群落可能多生长在中等水动力、沉积物为细粒 的环境中。  相似文献   

东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王健鑫  许贤恩  周链链  陶诗  刘雪珠  石戈 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4):805-813

提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。  相似文献   

铜锈环棱螺( Bellamya aeruginosa ) 生物扰动对藻华水体沉积物微生物群落结构的影响     

孙芳  郑忠明  陆开宏  翟海佳  邵路路 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(2):357-362

应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法测定了不同密度铜锈环棱螺生物扰动下沉积物表层微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,含螺处理组PLFAs总生物量有了明显的升高,且与底泥总有机碳(TOC)含量变化趋势有很高的相关性(r=0.541)(P<0.05)。实验过程中细菌/真菌值发生显著变化,中密度处理组的细菌/真菌值显著高于其它实验组(P<0.05),说明中密度螺影响下细菌生长较真菌更快,细菌生物量显著升高。主成分分析(PCA)显示,低、高密度螺处理下沉积物的微生物群落结构与对照组相似,而中密度螺处理组(3个螺/培养柱)(相当于196ind/m2)能够使沉积物微生物群落结构产生明显变化。  相似文献   

Importance of reversible attachment in predicting E. coli transport in saturated aquifers from column experiments     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Drinking water wells indiscriminatingly placed adjacent to fecal contaminated surface water represents a significant but difficult to quantify health risk. Here we seek to understand mechanisms that limit the contamination extent by scaling up bacterial transport results from the laboratory to the field in a well constrained setting. Three pulses of Escherichia coli originating during the early monsoon from a freshly excavated pond receiving latrine effluent in Bangladesh were monitored in 6 wells and modeled with a two-dimensional (2-D) flow and transport model conditioned with measured hydraulic heads. The modeling was performed assuming three different modes of interaction of E. coli with aquifer sands: (1) irreversible attachment only (best-fit k_i = 7.6 day⁻¹); (2) reversible attachment only (k_a = 10.5 and k_d = 0.2 day⁻¹); and (3) a combination of reversible and irreversible modes of attachment (k_a = 60, k_d = 7.6, k_i = 5.2 day⁻¹). Only the third approach adequately reproduced the observed temporal and spatial distribution of E. coli, including a 4-log₁₀ lateral removal distance of ∼9 m. In saturated column experiments, carried out using aquifer sand from the field site, a combination of reversible and irreversible attachment was also required to reproduce the observed breakthrough curves and E. coli retention profiles within the laboratory columns. Applying the laboratory-measured kinetic parameters to the 2-D calibrated flow model of the field site underestimates the observed 4-log₁₀ lateral removal distance by less than a factor of two. This is promising for predicting field scale transport from laboratory experiments.  相似文献   

Phenanthrene Biodegradation by Pseudomonas xanthomarina Isolated from an Aged Contaminated Soil          下载免费PDF全文

Fatima Sopeña  Leonila Laiz  Esmeralda Morillo  Maria Antonia Sanchez‐Trujillo  Jaime Villaverde  Valme Jurado  Cesareo Saiz‐Jimenez 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(6):785-790

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