CARAIB陆地碳循环模型研究进展及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄康有  郑卓  Cheddadi R.  Laurent J.M.  Fran 《热带地理》2007,27(6):483-488

陆地生态系统碳循环是全球变化研究中的重要组成部分,多种模型已用于陆地生态系统碳循环的模拟。文中着重论述了陆地生物圈碳循环模型CARAIB的原理、方法及其应用和最新进展。CARAIB模型主要是基于叶面光合作用子模型、冠层子模型和木质呼吸作用3个子模型的耦合,应用大气环流模式气候数据模拟出生态系统碳存储量和生物群区分布。介绍了欧洲利用植物数字化地理配准数据库重新划分植物群组(BAGs)的方法,比较BAGs与传统的植物功能型(PFTs)划分在方法上的差异,根据植物群组应用CARAIB模型进行生物群区分布模拟,并提出利用CARAIB模型模拟我国陆地碳循环和生物群区分布的可行性,为研究中国植被对气候变化的响应模型和预测提供区域尺度的新方法。  相似文献   

干旱气候条件下陆相高分辨层序地层特征研究——以江汉盆地西南缘晚白垩世渔洋组为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

陈波  张昌民  韩定坤  赵海涛  赖志云 《沉积学报》2007,25(1):21-28

江汉盆地西南缘白垩系上统渔洋组地层旋回主要受气候因素的影响。研究区渔洋组是在干旱气候条件下沉积的洪水—漫湖沉积体系，其气候变化的特点是短暂洪水期与较长干旱的间洪水期交替变化，同时表现出不同级别的旋回，在气候越来越干旱的背景下，洪水期持续的时间就会越短，洪水的规模也越来越小。在短期的气候变化旋回下，地层沉积特征表现为洪水期沉积的水道、砂坪等微相与干旱的间洪水期泥坪微相互层。在中期气候变化旋回下，主洪水期持续时间长、规模大，沉积分布广泛,形成较厚的灰色水道砂岩沉积和灰色泥岩沉积夹薄层的红色泥坪沉积，间洪水期沉积为砂坪、混合坪与泥坪互层构成。长期旋回表现为每个中期主洪水期越来越小、水道沉积规模变小，间洪水期形成的红色泥坪厚度逐渐加厚，代表气候越来越干旱。研究区的这种地层旋回变化特征反映出气候是地层旋回的主控因素，不仅控制地层的短期旋回，同时控制地层的中长期旋回。这些特征具明显的等时性和可对比性，为油田开发过程中小层对比及油层划分提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

THE PEATLAND/ICE AGE HYPOTHESIS REVISED, ADDING A POSSIBLE GLACIAL PULSE TRIGGER     

LARS G. FRANZÉN  ROGER A. CROPP 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(4):301-330

Carbon sequestering in peatlands is believed to be a major climate‐regulating mechanism throughout the late Phanerozoic. Since plant life first evolved on land, peatlands have been significant carbon sinks, which could explain significant parts of the large variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide observed in various records. The result is peat in different degrees of metamorphosis, i.e. lignite, hard coal and graphite. During phases of extensive glaciations such as the 330–240 Ma Pangea Ice Age, atmospheric carbon dioxide was critically low. This pattern repeats itself during the Pleistocene when carbon dioxide oscillates with an amplitude of c. 200–300 ppmv. This paper suggests that the ice age cycles during the Pleistocene are generated by the interglacial growth of peatlands and the subsequent sequestering of carbon into this terrestrial pool. The final initiation of ice age pulses towards the end of inter‐glacials, on the other hand, is attributed to the cyclic influx of cosmic dust to the Earth surface, which in turn regulates cloud formation and the incoming shortwave radiation. These shorter cycles have a frequency of c. 1000‐1250 years and might be connected to sunspot or other low frequency solar variations. In a wider context the ice age cycling could be regarded as an interplay between terrestrial life on the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and the marine subsurface life in the southeast. If the results presented here are correct, the present global warming might just be the early part of a new warm period such as the Bronze Age and the Roman and Medieval Warm periods. This could be caused by entry into another phase of decreasing influx rates of cosmic dust. The increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide might have contributed to this warming but, most important of all, it might temporarily have saved us from a new ice age pulse.  相似文献   

A 640 kyr geomagnetic and palaeoclimatic record from Lake Baikal sediments     

Vadim A. Kravchinsky  Michael E. Evans  John A. Peck  Hideo Sakai  Mikhail A. Krainov  John W. King  Mikhail I. Kuzmin 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(1):101-116

Magnetic remanence vectors for 1737 samples from two ∼100 m cores of Lake Baikal sediments are reported along with complete magnetic susceptibility profiles obtained from a pass-through system. Chronological control is established by means of two independent correlations; first, by matching susceptibility variations to the oceanic oxygen isotope record and second, by matching the relative palaeointensity variations to the SINT-800 global reference curve. These both imply an average deposition rate of 15 cm kyr^–1 and a basal age of ∼640 ka. Spectral analysis reveals the presence of Milankovitch signals at ∼100 kyr (eccentricity), ∼41 kyr (obliquity) and ∼23 and ∼19 kyr (precession). Stable remanence vectors are almost all of normal polarity. The few exceptions comprise brief intervals of low and/or negative inclinations which probably represent geomagnetic excursions. However, these are far less numerous than the high sedimentation rate would lead one to expect. Furthermore, only four of them can be readily matched to the—still poorly understood—global pattern. These are the Laschamp, the Albuquerque, the Iceland Basin and perhaps the West Eifel excursions which occurred at ∼38 000, ∼146 000, at 180 000–190 000 and at 480 000–495 000 yr ago, respectively.  相似文献   

Morlet小波用于测井沉积旋回多尺度特性研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

房文静  范宜仁  李霞 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(2):109-111

测井数据包含丰富的地质信息,是研究沉积旋回多尺度特性的主要资料。利用Morlet小波基函数对SP测井曲线进行连续小波变换,可探测到不同尺度沉积旋回的分界面。地质学意义在于:包含多个不同尺度沉积旋回信息的测井曲线,通过Morlet连续小波变换,被分解成各自独立的单一尺度的旋回,尺度因子的大小反映了地层沉积周期的长短。这也为沉积旋回的定量划分提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

呼包盆地第四纪地层与环境演化^*     

李建彪  冉勇康  郭文生 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):632-644

通过对呼包盆地钻孔岩芯进行系统的岩石学、年代学和孢粉带的分析,综合盆地已有的研究成果,并与邻区对比,划分了盆地第四纪地层单位,同时探讨了河套古湖泊在第四纪的演化特征。结果为:1)剖面存在两个假整合接触面(Q₁/Q₂和Q₂/Q₃),可划分为4个沉积旋回,7个孢粉带。2)剖面第四纪地层从下至上依次可划分下更新统(1070±150~844±126kaB.P.)、中更新统沟子板组(520±78~271±40kaB.P.)、上更新统萨拉乌苏组和城川组(108.7±7.8~14.80±1.03kaB.P.),以及全新统。3)河套盆地在第四纪存在4个古湖泊发育时期,即早更新世(80.0~107.0万年或更早),湖盆处于强氧化环境;中更新世早期(43.0~45.1万年),湖盆氧化强度降低;中更新世晚期(19.2~38.5万年),湖盆处于强烈的还原环境;晚更新世(2.4~11.3万年),湖盆处于还原环境。其间隔期为湖泊消亡或大规模萎缩时期,意味着盆地停止下降甚至处于上升隆起的剥蚀状态。  相似文献   

盐定地区三叠系延长组层序地层特征与生储盖组合     

王峰  田景春  陈蓉 《新疆地质》2007,25(1):96-100

依据地表露头、钻井岩心、测井曲线和地震资料的综合分析,在识别了盐定地区层序界面的基础上,将研究区上三叠统延长组划分为1个超长期、4个长期旋回层序.详细论述了各长期基准面旋回的地层堆砌样式和充填特点,建立研究区高分辨率层序地层格架.对层序与生储盖组合特征进行了详细分析,指出生储盖组合特征与长期基准面旋回关系密切,生油岩和储集层明显受基准面升降和可容空间变化的影响,在长期基准面旋回升降转换面附近是生油岩和盖层发育的有利位置,优质储层主要出现在长期基准面上升半旋回的早中期和下降半旋回的中晚期.在此基础上讨论了研究区上生下储、下生上储的生储盖组合特征.  相似文献   

Lithofacies associations and structural evolution of the Archean Rio das Velhas greenstone belt, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: A review of the setting of gold deposits     

O.F. Baltazar  M. Zucchetti 《Ore Geology Reviews》2007,32(3-4):471

The Rio das Velhas greenstone belt is located in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, in the southern extremity of the São Francisco Craton, central-southern part of the State of Minas Gerais, SE Brazil. The metavolcano–sedimentary rocks of the Rio das Velhas Supergroup in this region are subdivided into the Nova Lima and Maquiné Groups. The former occurs at the base of the sequence, and contains the major Au deposits of the region. New geochronological data, along with a review of geochemical data for volcanic and sedimentary rocks, suggest at least two generations of greenstone belts, dated at 2900 and 2780 Ma. Seven lithofacies associations are identified, from bottom to top, encompassing (1) mafic–ultramafic volcanic; (2) volcano–chemical–sedimentary; (3) clastic–chemical–sedimentary, (4) volcaniclastic association with four lithofacies: monomictic and polymictic breccias, conglomerate–graywacke, graywacke–sandstone, graywacke–argillite; (5) resedimented association, including three sequences of graywacke–argillite, in the north and eastern, at greenschist facies and in the south, at amphibolite metamorphic facies; (6) coastal association with four lithofacies: sandstone with medium- to large-scale cross-bedding, sandstone with ripple marks, sandstone with herringbone cross-bedding, sandstone–siltstone; (7) non-marine association with the lithofacies: conglomerate–sandstone, coarse-grained sandstone, fine- to medium-grained sandstone. Four generations of structures are recognized: the first and second are Archean and compressional, driven from NNE to SSW; the third is extensional and attributed to the Paleoproterozoic Transamazonian Orogenic Cycle; and the fourth is compressional, driven from E to W, is related to the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle. Gold deposits in the Rio das Velhas greenstone belt are structurally controlled and occur associated with hydrothermal alterations along Archean thrust shear zones of the second generation of structures.Sedimentation occurred during four episodes. Cycle 1 is interpreted to have occurred between 2800 and 2780 Ma, based on the ages of the mafic and felsic volcanism, and comprises predominantly chemical sedimentary rocks intercalated with mafic–ultramafic volcanic flows. It includes the volcano–chemical–sedimentary lithofacies association and part of the mafic–ultramafic volcanic association. The cycle is related to the initial extensional stage of the greenstone belt formation, with the deposition of sediments contemporaneous with volcanic flows that formed the submarine mafic plains. Cycle 2 encompasses the clastic–chemical–sedimentary association and distal turbidites of the resedimented association, in the eastern sector of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. It was deposited in the initial stages of the felsic volcanism. Cycle 2 includes the coastal and resedimented associations in the southern sector, in advanced stages of subduction. In this southern sedimentary cycle it is also possible to recognize a stable shelf environment. Following the felsic volcanism, Cycle 3 comprises sedimentary rocks of the volcaniclastic and resedimented lithofacies associations, largely in the northern sector of the area. The characteristics of both associations indicate a submarine fan environment transitional to non-marine successions related to felsic volcanic edifices and related to the formation of island arcs. Cycle 4 is made up of clastic sedimentary rocks belonging to the non-marine lithofacies association. They are interpreted as braided plain and alluvial fan deposits in a retroarc foreland basin with the supply of debris from the previous cycles.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾油田6-2沉积相研究     

丁晓琪张哨楠  王少飞刘岩 《新疆地质》2007,25(1):105-110

延长组长6-2是鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾油田的一个重要勘探层位．通过岩心观察、测井资料、薄片研究、粒度分析，对镇泾油田长6-2沉积微相进行了深入研究．认为该区长6-2由一个完整的中期基准面旋回组成，水下分流河道主要发育在中期基准面缓慢上升初期和快速下降阶段，由于水下分流河道的强烈侵蚀作用，河口坝砂体不发育．中期基准面缓慢上升初期的河道具有深而窄的特点，砂体横向变化快，勘探难度大，而与之相对的是中期基准面快速下降阶段，水下分流河道具有厚而广的特点，为本区最为有利的勘探目的层．通过对不同可容空间下水下分流河道砂体厚度与河道宽度的研究，发现其具有很好的相关性，得出该区的砂体厚度与河道宽度的经验公式，为下一步勘探开发提供了强有力的理论依据。  相似文献   

GEO导航卫星定轨观测模型     

唐波  张军  陈刘成 《测绘学院学报》2007,(5)

根据GEO导航卫星的轨道特性,给出了严密的伪距观测和载波相位观测数学模型;讨论了其轨道和星钟差的解算条件,以及多星组差定轨的可行性。结果表明:在利用伪距时,如果测站钟差已知,需要4个以上站的数据才能进行定轨和星钟解算;如果站钟、星钟钟差已知,需要3个以上站的数据才能确定轨道。在利用站间组差伪距时,须有4个以上测站的钟差信息才能进行轨道和星钟解算;利用GEO卫星与MEO(IGSO)卫星组差定轨时,需要GEO卫星钟差已知且有3组星间组差数据。利用GEO卫星载波相位观测资料,不能单独解算轨道。  相似文献