地理信息服务的思索与探讨     

唐冬梅  叶修松 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(4)

GIS正在从传统意义上的地理信息系统向地理信息服务偏移,地理信息服务已成为信息服务业中重要组成部分之一.文中归纳总结了地理信息服务概念、技术体系、服务模式以及我国地理信息服务发展的差距、对策与建议.  相似文献   

基于特征价格模型的农村土地征收价格影响因素研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高延娜  朱道林 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(11):1198-1201

在分析我国农村土地征收市场现状和农村土地征收价格影响因素的基础上,以天津市环城3个近郊区为例,收集市场案例256宗,选择影响因素13个,采用SPSS12.0进行多元回归,构建了两种形式的特征价格模型,重点分析了影响因素对价格的作用机制.  相似文献   

更新观念 立足市场 发挥技术优势 拓展服务领域——奋进中的贵州煤矿地质工程咨询与地质环境监测中心     

刘玉蓉 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(4):75-77

贵州煤矿地质工程咨询与地质环境监测中心,由于市场定位准确,加强经营管理,树立品牌意识,尊重人才,加大人才培养力度,积极推进人事制度和分配制度改革,完善激励约束机制,使单位经济效益稳步上升,职工收入不断提高。  相似文献   

Change of Support for Estimating Local Block Grade Distributions     

Xavier Emery 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(6):671-688

An important aspect in mineral resource evaluation is the reduction of variance when post-processing the grade distributions defined on the support (volume) of the available data into distributions defined on the support of the proposed selective mining units. Although the volume-variance relationship is well understood for the estimation of global grade distributions, it is still an unsolved issue for local estimation studies based on non-parametric geostatistical methods, such as indicator kriging, for which the support correction is not inherent to the method. To clarify this relationship, the local change of support problem is examined in the scope of two parametric models (multi-Gaussian and discrete Gaussian models). It is shown that the variance reduction factor between point and block-support local distributions depends on the block being considered and is less than the global variance reduction factor. As a consequence, post-processing the local point-support grade distributions on the basis of the latter systematically understates the importance of the change of support at the local scale and makes selective mining appear more economically attractive than it really is. In the light of these results, a methodology is proposed to post-process the local point-support distributions obtained via non-parametric (indicator) methods into block-support distributions. An application to simulated data indicates that this methodology provides an accurate estimation at the block support when dealing with diffusion-type random fields.  相似文献   

Sediment-Based Study of the Effects of Decreasing Mine Water Pollutionon a Heavily Modified, Nutrient Enriched Lake     

T. Kauppila 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(1):25-37

Ni and Cu mining and ore processing in Hitura, Western Finland, have resulted in emissions of metal-rich wastewaters into the nearby Kalajoki River since 1970. The wastewaters are discharged into the river 3 km upstream from the eutrophic Lake Pidisjärvi, which is a widening of the river by the town of Nivala. The water level of the lake was elevated by 1.5 m and the extensive macrophyte stands were cut in 1979, profoundly changing the environmental conditions. The effects of the decreasing metal emissions and nutrient concentrations since 1979 on the now open 3.9 km² lake were studied with paleolimnological techniques. A 2-m sediment core was taken from the lake in February 2004 and analysed for sediment chemistry and diatom assemblages. At the coring site, 13 cm of sediment had been deposited since 1979, on top of a bed of undecomposed macrophyte remains. When the sediment chemistry was compared with records of decreasing metal loading since 1979, no correlation was found because post-depositional mobility and changes in sediment characteristics affect the sediment metal profiles. Thus, the reduced emissions from the mine and the lower lake water phosphorus levels have not caused a corresponding decrease in sediment metal and P concentrations. However, both of these environmental variables accounted for a statistically significant percentage of variation in the sedimentary diatom assemblages in a redundancy analysis constrained to a single variable. This relationship persisted for Ni loading even in a partial analysis, while the importance of nutrients was confirmed by the good correlation between diatom-inferred and measured P concentrations. The results suggest that reductions in metal and nutrient loading have had an effect on the algal assemblages even though the sediment concentrations of Ni, Cu or P have not decreased.  相似文献   

Environmental and health risk assessment in abandoned mining area, Zlata Idka, Slovakia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Rapant  Z. Dietzová  S. Cicmanová 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):387-397

The Zlata Idka village is a typical mountainous settlement. As a consequence of more than 500 years of mining activity, its environment has been extensively affected by pollution from potentially toxic elements. This paper presents the results of an environmental-geochemical and health research in the Zlata Idka village, Slovakia. Geochemical analysis indicates that arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are enriched in soils, groundwater, surface water and stream sediments. The average As and Sb contents are 892 mg/kg and 818 mg/kg in soils, 195 mg/kg and 249 mg/kg in stream sediments, 0.028 mg/l and 0.021 mg/l in groundwater and 0.024 mg/l and 0.034 mg/l in surface water. Arsenic and Sb concentrations exceed upper permissible limits in locally grown vegetables. Within the epidemiological research the As and Sb contents in human tissues and fluids have been observed (blood, urine, nails and hair) in approximately one third of the village’s population (120 respondents). The average As and Sb concentrations were 16.3 μg/l and 3.8 μg/l in blood, 15.8 μg/l and 18.8 μg/l in urine, 3,179 μg/kg and 1,140 μg/kg in nails and 379 μg/kg and 357 μg/kg in hair. These concentrations are comparatively much higher than the average population. Health risk calculations for the ingestion of soil, water, and vegetables indicates a very high carcinogenic risk (>1/1,000) for as content in soil and water. The hazard quotient [HQ=average daily dose (ADD)/reference dose (RfD)] calculation method indicates a HQ>1 for groundwater As and Sb concentrations.  相似文献   

黑龙江省矿区生态破坏与地质灾害及其防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

尹喜霖  王勇  张烽龙  郭有民 《工程地质学报》2002,10(3):254-259

黑龙江省矿产分布情况和开发概况以及矿业开发在经济发展中占有重要地位 ;在矿业开发过程中引起的诸多生态破坏和地质灾害及其引起的危害 ,已引起高度重视 ;本文在综合论述黑龙江省矿区发展所带来各项利弊后提出了具体的防治对策。  相似文献   

兖州矿区煤中某些微量元素的赋存状态研究   总被引：6，自引：8，他引：6  

刘桂建  杨萍玥  彭子成  王桂梁  曹增会 《地球化学》2002,31(1):85-90

微量元素的赋存状态决定其在煤的加工利用过程中释放的难易程度和毒性，弄清其在煤中的赋存状态，对准确评价元素的工艺性能、环境影响、作为副产品的可能性以及在地质意义上都是十分重要的。分析了微量元素在煤中的有机亲合性，采用数理统计方法，求得了微量元素与煤中有机显微组分、三态硫、灰分之间的相关性，并在浮沉实验的基础上，分析了微量元素的存在状态，通过研究向知，Ge、Ga、U、V、Cu、Th、Pb和Zn主要以无机态存在于煤中，F和Cl可能以有机态存在为主，As无机态和有机态存在的机率相似。  相似文献   

Labour markets in transition. The experiences of women in two border regions of East Germany     

Bettina van Hoven  Carmella Pfaffenbach 《GeoJournal》2002,56(4):261-269

The political turning point in the former GDR and the transformation processes that have been observed since then have significantly affected economic and social structures in the new Federal States. Gender roles, however, were subjected to even more dramatic changes. Whilst many women experienced the employment policies of the GDR era as beneficial, social researchers often designate them as the losers of unification nowadays. This is largely because the abundance of State support measures for employed women and mothers has been drastically reduced and women as a group have been hit hardest by the crisis on the East German labour market. Using two cases (Mecklenburg-Westpommerania and Thuringia), this paper aims to illustrate the impact of the transformation process on the everyday (working) lives of women. We are particularly concerned with a comparative analysis of how women experience and deal with regional disparities in East Germany. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

中国市场群落发展机制   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

石忆邵 《地理学报》2002,57(3):356-364

市场群落的崛起已成为21世纪初中国市场经济发展的新景观，在概述市场群落的基本特点后，揭示其形成和演化的动力机制；继而对单个市场与群落型市场上经营者的行为方式特征进行了比较分析，表明群落型市场具有多方面的竞争优势；指出市场群落的空间扩张还促进了经济国际化与本地化的有机融合发展，同时认为，市场群落持续发展的根本在于保证商人的可持续发展，并提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献