地震空区,地震被屏护区和安全岛     

张虎男 《内陆地震》1995,9(4):338-344

讨论了地震屏护区的分类和机理，并以研究程度较高的华南地区为例，详细论述了有关问题。指出在特定的条件下，利用相邻地区（带）的地震活动规律，可预报被屏护区的地震活动趋势。而正确划分地震被屏护区，对重大工程建设和大、中城市的发展规划始终具有现实意义。  相似文献   

A seismic gap in the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan as inferred from the time-space distribution of past seismicity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Masakazu  Ohtake 《Island Arc》1995,4(3):156-165

Abstract Based on the spatial distribution of the focal areas from previous large earthquakes, a significant seismic gap was found off the coast of the Akita Prefecture at the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. We forecast that the 75 km segment of plate boundary may be ruptured by a large thrust earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 in the near future. The time of occurrence is uncertain, but the recurrence interval of large earthquakes in this region suggests that it will be no later than the end of next century. The time sequence of large earthquakes in the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan shows a systematic shortening of the earthquake interval for the past 250 years. This feature is simulated successfully by a simple mechanical model that represents a plate boundary by segmented blocks, each of which is composed of a spring friction slider system. We further propose to revise the conventionally accepted plate boundary between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates in the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan; the observed data of seismic activity and recent crustal deformation indicate that the southern part of the plate boundary traverses the land region from Niigata to Otari along the Shinanogawa seismic belt. The fault geometries of previous large earthquakes show that the mode of plate convergence in the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan is a collision type rather than a simple eastward subduction as was postulated in early studies.  相似文献   

前兆地震活动图象及其在地震预报中的作用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘蒲雄 《中国地震》1993,9(2):112-120

本文根据长、中和短期预报研究对主要地震活动图象加以归类和简述。结果表明:(1)利用地震活动图象进行中、短期预报,预报时间量程可能达到1、2年,甚至几个月,但要进一步缩短预报的时间尺度就十分困难,除非有明显的前震序列活动;(2)地震活动图象分析,对于辨认未来主震(尤其是强主震)的位置是有效的;(3)强震和中强震前的图象特点是有区别的,据此,可以大概估计未来主震的震级。不过图象的空间尺度与主震震级无明显的相关性;(4)信号震、前兆震群和前震(包括早期前震)的确定应考虑到异常的地震活动时空图象。  相似文献   

Aftershocks of the San Marcos earthquake of April 25, 1989 (M S =6.9) and some implications for the Acapulco-San Marcos,Mexico, seismic potential     

F. R. Zúñiga  C. Gutiérrez  E. Nava  J. Lermo  M. Rodríguez  R. Coyoli 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(2):287-300

Aftershock activity following the April 25, 1989 (M _S =6.9) earthquake near San Marcos, Guerrero, Mexico, was monitored by a temporary network installed twelve hours after the mainshock and remaining in operation for one week. Of the 350 events recorded by this temporary array, 103 were selected for further analysis in order to determine spatial characteristics of the aftershock activity. An aftershock area of approximately 780 km² is delimited by the best quality locations. The area of highest aftershock density lies inside an area delimited by the aftershocks of the latest large event in the region in 1957 (M _S =7.5) and it partially overlaps the zone of maximum intensity of the earlier 1907 (M _S =7.7) shock. Aftershocks also appear to cluster close to the mainshock hypocenter. This clustering agrees with the zone of maximum slip during the mainshock, as previously determined from strong motion records. A low angle Benioff zone is defined by the aftershock hypocenters with a slight tendency for the slab to follow a subhorizontal trajectory after a 110 km distance from the trench axis, a feature which has been observed in the neighboring Guerrero Gap. A composite focal mechanism for events close to the mainshock which also coincides with the zone of largest aftershock density, indicates a thrust fault similar to the mainshock fault plane solution.The San Marcos event took place in an area which could be considered as a mature seismic gap. Due to the manner in which strain release has been observed to previously occur, the occurrence of a major event, overlapping both the neighboring Guerrero Gap and the San Marcos Gap segments of the Mexican thrust, cannot be overlooked.  相似文献   

Preliminary　location　of　microcracks　in　several　rock　specimens　under　true　triaxial　compression     

许昭永  梅世蓉  庄灿涛  杨洪沧  包一峰 《地震学报(英文版)》1994,(Z1)

ＰｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓｉｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌｒｏｃｋｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｒｕｅｔｒｉａｘｉａｌｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎＺｈａｏ－ＹｏｎｇＸＵ（许昭永），Ｓｈｉ－ＲｏｎｇＭＥＩ（梅世蓉），Ｃａｎ－ＴａｏＺＨ...  相似文献   

Peristerite compositions in quartzofeldspathic schists, Franz Josef-Fox Glacier Area, New Zealand     

RODNEY GRAPES  MASAYUKI OTSUKI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1983,1(1):47-61

Plagioclase compositions vary from An_0.1–2.5 to An₃₂ with increasing grade in chlorite zone to oligoclase zone quartzofeldspathic schists, Franz Josef-Fox Glacier area, Southern Alps, New Zealand. This change is interrupted by the peristerite composition gap in rocks transitional between greenschist and amphibolite facies grade. Oligoclase (An_20-24) and albite (An_0.1–0.5) are found in biotite zone schists below the garnet isograd. With increasing grade, the plagioclase compositions outline the peristerite gap, which is asymmetric and narrows to compositions of An₁₂ and An₆ near the top of the garnet zone. In any one sample, oligoclase is the stable mineral in mica-rich layers above the garnet isograd, whereas albite and oligoclase exist in apparent textural equilibrium in adjacent quartz-plagioclase layers. The initial appearance of oligoclase in both layers results from the breakdown of epidote and possibly sphene. Carbonate is restricted to the quartz-plagioclase rich layers and probably accounts for the more sodic composition of oligoclase in these layers. The formation of more Ca-rich albite and more Na-rich oligoclase near the upper limit of the garnet zone coincides with the disappearance of carbonate and closure of the peristerite gap. Garnet appears to have only a localized effect on Ca-enrichment of plagioclase in mica-rich layers within the garnet zone. The Na-content of white mica increases sympathetically with increasing Ca-content of oligoclase and metamorphic grade. Comparison of the peristerite gap in the Franz Josef-Fox Glacier schists and schists of the same bulk composition in the Haast River area, 80 km to the S, indicates that oligoclase appears and epidote disappears at lower temperatures, and that the composition gap between coexisting albite and oligoclase is narrower in the Franz Josef-Fox Glacier area. It is suggested that a higher thermal gradient (38-40°C/km) and variations in Si/Al ordering during growth of the plagioclases between the two areas may account for these differences. In the Alpine schists the peristerite gap exists over a temperature and pressure interval of about 370-515°C and 5.5-7 kbar (550-700 MPa) P_H2O.  相似文献   

Seismicity pattern: an indicator of source region of volcanism at convergent plate margins     

《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(4):303-326

The results of detailed investigation into the geometry of distribution of earthquakes around and below the volcanoes Korovin, Cleveland, Makushin, Yake-Dake, Oshima, Lewotobi, Fuego, Sangay, Nisyros and Montagne Pelée at convergent plate margins are presented. The ISC hypocentral determinations for the period 1964-1999, based on data of global seismic network and relocated by Engdahl, van der Hilst and Buland, have been used.The aim of this study has been to contribute to the solution of the problem of location of source regions of primary magma for calc-alkaline volcanoes spatially and genetically related to the process of subduction. Several specific features of seismicity pattern were revealed in this context. (i) A clear occurrence of the intermediate-depth aseismic gap (IDAG) in the Wadati-Benioff zone (WBZ) below all investigated active volcanoes. We interpret this part of the subducted slab, which does not contain any teleseismically recorded earthquake with magnitude greater than 4.0, as a partially melted domain of oceanic lithosphere and as a possible source of primary magma for calc-alkaline volcanoes. (ii) A set of earthquakes in the shape of a seismically active column (SAC) seems to exists in the continental wedge below volcanoes Korovin, Makushin and Sangay. The seismically active columns probably reach from the Earth surface down to the aseismic gap in the Wadati-Benioff zone. This points to the possibility that the upper mantle overlying the subducted slab does not contain large melted domains, displays an intense fracturing and is not likely to represent the site of magma generation. (iii) In the continental wedge below the volcanoes Cleveland, Fuego, Nisyros, Yake-Dake, Oshima and Lewotobi, shallow seismicity occurs down to the depth of 50 km. The domain without any earthquakes between the shallow seismically active column and the aseismic gap in the Wadati-Benioff zone in the depth range of 50-100 km does not exclude the melting of the mantle also above the slab. (iv) Any earthquake does not exist in the lithospheric wedge below the volcano Montagne Pelée. The source of primary magma could be located in the subducted slab as well as in the overlying mantle wedge. (v) Frequent aftershock sequences accompanying stronger earthquakes in the seismically active columns indicate high fracturing of the wedge below active volcanoes. (vi) The elongated shape of clusters of epicentres of earthquakes of seismically active columns, as well as stable parameters of the available fault plane solutions, seem to reflect the existence of dominant deeply rooted fracture zones below volcanoes. These facts also favour the location of primary magma in the subducting slab rather than in the overlying wedge.We suppose that melts advancing from the slab toward the Earth surface may trigger the observed earthquakes in the continental wedge that is critically pre-stressed by the process of subduction. However, for definitive conclusions it will be necessary to explain the occurrence of earthquake clusters below some volcanoes and the lack of seismicity below others, taking into account the uncertainty of focal depth determination from global seismological data in some regions.  相似文献   

Resistivity structure of a seismic gap along the Atotsugawa Fault, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tada-nori Goto 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,148(1):55-72

Seismicity along the Atotsugawa Fault, located in central Japan, shows a clear heterogeneity. The central segment of the fault with low-seismicity is recognized as a seismic gap, although a lot of micro-earthquakes occur along this fault. In order to elucidate the cause of the heterogeneity in seismicity, the electrical resistivity structure was investigated around the Atotsugawa Fault by using the magnetotelluric (MT) method. The regional geoelectrical strikes are approximately parallel to the fault in a low-frequency range. We constructed two-dimensional resistivity models across the fault using TM-mode MT responses to minimize three-dimensional effects on the modeling process. A smooth inversion algorithm was used, and the static-shifts on the apparent resistivity were corrected in the inversion process.A shallow, low resistivity zone along the fault is found from the surface to a depth of 1-2 km in the best-fit model across the high-seismicity segment of the fault. On the other hand, the corresponding low resistivity zone along the low-seismicity segment is limited to a shallower depth less than 1 km. The low resistivity zone along the Atotsugawa Fault is possibly due to fluid in the fracture zone; the segment with higher levels of seismicity may have higher fluid content in the fault zone compared with the lower seismicity segment. On a view of the crustal structure, a lateral resistivity variation in a depth range of 3-12 km is found below the fault trace in the high-seismicity segment, while a resistive layer of wide extent is found at a depth of about 5 km below the fault trace in the low-seismicity segment. The resistive layer is explained by less fluid condition and possibly characterized as high rigidity. Differences in the resistivity structures between low and high-seismicity segments of the fault suggest that the seismic gap in the central part of the Atotsugawa Fault may be interpreted as a locked segment. Thus, MT is an effective method in evaluating a cause and future activity of seismic gaps along active faults.The lower crust appears as a conductive zone beneath the low-seismicity segment, less conductive beneath the high-seismicity segment. Fluid is inferred as a preferable cause of the conductive zone in this study. It is suggested that the conductive lower crust beneath the low-seismicity segment is recognized where fluid is trapped by an impermeable layer in the upper crust. On the other hand, fluid in the lower crust may upwell to the surface along the high-seismicity segment of the fault.  相似文献   

Seismotectonic Reactions to the Arc-continent Convergence in Central Philippines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Noelynna T. Ramos    Carla B. Dimalanta    Glenda M. Besana    Rodolfo A. Tamayo  Jr  Graciano P. Yumul  Jr. Victor B. Maglambayan 《Resource Geology》2005,55(3):199-206

Abstract. High seismic activity in the Philippines originates from tectonic convergence related to surface and subsurface seismotectonic features. Based on earthquake data, the archipelago can be divided into the seismically-active Philippine Mobile Belt and the aseismic North Palawan Block. The latter represents a rifted continental fragment of the Eurasian margin that juxtaposed with the rest of island arc units in central Philippines. Earthquake hypocenter plots on planar and in vertical profiles show that the seismic events are associated with known seismotectonic features. In addition, data suggest that the collision zone between the North Palawan Block and the Philippine Mobile Belt is characterized by a decreased amount of hypocenters at > 100 km depths. Although field evidence favors the presence of a subducted slab or slabs beneath western central Philippines, these are difficult to image using the present seismicity distribution dataset.  相似文献   

The Characteristics of Seismic Activity Before the Devastating Earthquake with M_W9.0 Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra     

Xue Yan 《中国地震研究》2006,20(2):118-126

INTRODUCTIONMeasured bythe China Earthquake Networks Center ,a great earthquake withMS8·7 occurred offthe west coast of Northern Sumatra at Beijing Time 08 :58 :55·2 on December 26 , 2004·Themagnitude of the earthquake determined by the National Earthquake Information Center of USA(NEIC) wasMW9·0 .The earthquakeisthe biggestinthe world afterthe 1964 Prince WilliamSound,Alaska earthquake .The tsunami triggered bythe Sumatra earthquake brought about severe devastationfor ten …  相似文献