呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑形态发育模式分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

阎旭  张德平  夏显东  哈斯 《中国沙漠》2009,29(2):212-218

 野外调查测量呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑分布和形态参数,根据不同发展阶段的风蚀坑形态特征的差异、形态参数间相关关系和拟合结果分析了风蚀坑的形态演变和发育、成因、规律。发现不同发展阶段风蚀坑形态参数之间的控制关系和扩展模式不同,各形态参数之间具有较好的幂函数关系。对于风蚀坑的侵蚀坑而言,坑长增长速度最快,其后依次是坑宽和坑深,坑后积沙体具有类似规律。风蚀坑坑后积沙的3个形态参数,受侵蚀坑3个参数的联合控制,但受坑深的控制最为显著。风蚀坑出现的起始形态、地形特征、植被、气流场、气候条件、人类活动的扰动等对其形态和发育具有重要影响,并且形态和发育反作用于植被、气流等,形成形态与气流、植被之间的响应与反馈。  相似文献   

基于CBS的违禁品目标凸现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邵立康  刘俊旭  迟权德  韩裕生 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(2):1-5

本文在分析基于CBS的人身安检图像基础上,提出了基于数学形态学膨胀累加、双阈值分割的违禁品分割算法.采用形态学的膨胀累加算法可以有效抑制噪声并提高目标能量;利用连通性判断获得违禁品候选区域;最后通过获得的数据对违禁品目标进行有效地凸现.  相似文献   

The variation of morphological features and mineralogical components of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rongyi Chen  Yuanming Zhang  Yuan Li  Wenshou Wei  Jing Zhang  Nan Wu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(5):1135-1143

Increasingly complex life forms were found in older biological soil crusts in the Gurbantaunggut Desert in Northwestern China. These crusts may play a critical role in mineral erosion and desert soil formation by modifying the weathering environment and ultimately affecting mineralogical variance. To test this hypothesis, variations in the morphological features and mineralogical components of successional biological soil crusts at 1 cm were studied by optical microscopy, SEM and grain size analysis. Concentrations of erosion-resistant minerals decreased with crust succession, while minerals susceptible to weathering increased with crust development. Neogenetic minerals were found in late stage crusts, but not in early stage crusts. Silt and clay concentrations were highest in early formation crusts and soil mean particle size decreased with crust succession. Cyanobacteria, lichen and moss were shown to erode and etch rocks, and secondary minerals produced by weathering were localized with the living organisms. Thus, more developed crusts appeared to contribute to greater mineral weathering and may be a major cause of mineralogical variance seen in the Gurbantunggut Desert. The greater activity and complexity of older crusts, as well as their improved moisture condition may function to accelerate mineral weathering. Therefore, protection and recovery of biological crusts is vital for desert soil formation.  相似文献   

Visualization of gold nanoparticle on the microscopic picture of red blood cell: implication for possible risk of nanoparticle exposure     

Viroj Wiwanitkit  Amornpun Sereemaspun  Rojrit Rojanathanes 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(4):583-585

In medicine, there is limited knowledge on the toxicity of nanoparticles. In reproductive medicine, there has been limited knowledge on the effect of gold nanoparticle on the human red blood cell. In this work, the author performed a study to demonstrate if gold nanoparticle can be detected inside red blood cell on microscopic test. Chulalongkorn Univesity, Bangkok Thailand. This study was performed as an experimental study. Mixture of gold nanoparticle solution and blood sample was prepared and further analyzed. According to this work, accumulation of gold nanoparticle in the red blood cell can be observed after mixing the blood sample with gold nanoparticle solution. However, no significant destruction of the red cell can be seen. The effect of gold nanoparticle on red blood cell can be detected and the implication for the possible chronic toxicity of the accumulated gold nanoparticle in red cell is raised.

Viroj WiwanitkitEmail:

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High precision photogrammetry for monitoring the evolution of the NW flank of Stromboli volcano during and after the 2002–2003 eruption     

P. Baldi  M. Coltelli  M. Fabris  M. Marsella  P. Tommasi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(6):703-715

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海湾扇贝4次引种后代的表型特征和遗传分化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘晓  孙博  张国范  王春德  章又荣  谷震  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(1):61-68

分析了不同时期引入到我国的4个繁育历史清晰、未发生种质混杂的海湾扇贝养殖群体成体的壳形态指标和群体遗传结构。壳表型参数分析表明,海湾扇贝北部亚种(Northernbay scallop,Argopecten irradians irradians)的浙江养殖群体(ZJ)、加拿大新布朗斯威克群体(NB)、马萨诸塞-弗吉尼亚混合群体(M-V)及海湾扇贝南部亚种(Southern bay scallop,Arg-opecten irradians concentricus)的北卡罗来那群体(NC)等不同群体间在壳形态方面存在显著差异南部亚种的NC群体壳高与壳长基本相等[壳高与壳长的比值(H/L)达0.99,壳型宽壳宽和壳长的比值(W/L)达到0.59];而北部亚种3个群体的壳长均大于壳高,其中ZJ和NB群体的壳形态尤其偏长,其H/L分别是0.92和0.90,NB群体的壳宽显著小于其他群体,W/L仅为0.36。RAPD分析结果表明,ZJ、NB、M-V、NC群体的多态位点比例分别为31.82%、29.55%、28.79%和31.82%,平均杂合度分别为0.1078、0.1134、0.0966和0.1197,表明在我国独立繁育了19代的ZJ养殖群体仍然保持了与其他群体相近的遗传多样性水平。4个群体间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.1892,表明其中18.92%的变异来自不同群体间的遗传差异,说明4个群体在遗传上存在着较大的分化。从遗传距离分析,ZJ与NB较近,两者间的遗传距离为0.0319,而两者与M-V间的遗传距离相对较远,分别为0.0442和0.0524;NC与M-V间的遗传距离为0.0368。这些结果表明,从原产地引种到国外时间较早的ZJ、NB等2个群体与较晚引进我国的M-V群体之间的遗传距离已超过了M-V群体(北部亚种)与NC群体(南部亚种)之间的遗传距离,说明独立繁育了近20代后,ZJ群体和NB群体均已产生了较大的遗传分化,这种分化可能有利于海湾扇贝的品种培育。  相似文献   

哲罗鱼(Hucho tamen)消化系统胚后发育的形态与组织学的研究     

张永泉  刘奕  尹家胜  佟广香  匡友谊  徐伟 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(3):422-428

利用形态学和连续组织切片技术,对哲罗鱼仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的消化系统进行了光镜观察,描述了其消化器官发育过程中形态学和组织学结构特征。结果表明,实验水温为7—12℃时,初始孵化仔鱼消化道细而直,两端封闭,位于卵黄囊背,随着仔鱼发育消化系统结构逐渐完善。破膜后16d消化系统完全贯通,破膜34d食道发育与成鱼基本相同,明显分为粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层及浆膜层,出现3—4个粘膜褶皱;破膜2d在消化管道前端,胃开始分化,管壁较厚,可见明显的两层,胃原基细胞形成胃腔,破膜24d胃组织结构发育得较完整,由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌肉层和浆膜层构成,出现胃腺;破膜后46d肠的组织结构与成鱼相同,粘膜层大量分布Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型粘液细胞;初孵仔鱼在肠背侧出现,与肝脏相互分开的一个独立的器官为胰腺组织。哲罗鱼破膜后26d消化系统明显分化成食道、胃、前肠、直肠以及肝脏和胰脏,破膜后36d出现幽门盲囊原基。本实验得出哲罗鱼仔鱼最佳初次投喂时间应在破膜后24—26d,即上浮后3—5d,由于破膜后46d幽门盲囊组织结构发育基本完善,可适当增加投喂量。  相似文献   

Morphotectonic evidence from lateral propagation of an active frontal fold; Pakuashan anticline, foothills of Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Delcaillau  B. Deffontaines  L. Floissac  J. Angelier  J. Deramond  P. Souquet  H. T. Chu  J. F. Lee 《Geomorphology》1998,24(4):263-290

The Pakuashan anticline is uniquely suited for study of the forward and lateral growth of fault-related folds. The Pakuashan ridge development arises from the late Quaternary uplift of the most external thrust zone of the western foothills of Taiwan. From Kaoshiung to Taichung, recent and active westward thrusting occurs at the front of the foothills. The Pakuashan anticline, trending N 150°E in the northern part to N 000° in the southern part, has been active throughout the Quaternary period. This activity is marked by geological structures, tectonic geomorphology and seismicity. A multisource and multiscale approach to study of the continental collision setting has been undertaken to combine tectonics, sedimentology and geomorphology. Studies of fracture patterns allow identification of two main features of stress orientations: a WNW/ESE compression direction, and E–W and N–S extension directions. Quantitative geomorphic parameters have been used to define the morphotectonic evolution and to infer tectonic style along the mountain front. Geomorphic evidence provides significant information on the processes that govern lateral propagation of an active anticline. Quaternary terraces are uplifted, tilted and folded over the Pakuashan ridge. Drainage systems in areas of active compression give information on the thrust zone structures and their development. Steep drainage and high local relief indicate that the Pakuashan anticline forms a well-defined zone of high uplift, especially in the southern part. The two main controls on drainage in that area are rock strength in the hanging wall and propagation of the deformation towards the south.  相似文献   

Histological and morphological alterations induced by copper exposure in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae)     

L. A. Geracitano  C. Luquet  J. M. Monserrat  A. Bianchini   《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):263

Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 μg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms.  相似文献   

A statistical-dynamical method for predicting long term coastal evolution     

D. E. Reeve  C. A. Fleming 《Coastal Engineering》1997,30(3-4)

A new approach to the problem of predicting long term coastline evolution is described. The cumulative effect of shoreline processes is inferred by inverting an extended form of one-line equation. Results from the inversion process are then used to predict future coastal evolution on the basis of past historical changes. The data required are charts showing the historical changes in coastline position. By way of validation, the model is applied to a region on the east coast of the United Kingdom where a 12 year forecast is made and compared against recent aerial survey data. The results are encouraging and suggest that the method has a predictive capability, suitable for strategic studies of regional shoreline evolution.  相似文献