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31.
Although sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied extensively to coarse-grained siliciclastic deposits in nearshore environments, high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis has not been widely applied to mudstone-dominated sedimentary successions deposited in more distal hemipelagic to pelagic settings. To examine how sequence stratigraphic frameworks can be derived from the facies variability of mudstone-dominated successions, the Tununk Shale Member of the Mancos Shale Formation in south-central Utah (USA) was examined in detail through a combination of sedimentological, stratigraphic and petrographic methods. The Tununk Shale accumulated on a storm-dominated shelf during the second-order Greenhorn sea-level cycle. During this eustatic event, the depositional environment of the Tununk Shale shifted laterally from distal middle shelf to outer shelf, then from an outer shelf to an inner shelf environment. At least 49 parasequences can be identified within the Tununk Shale. Each parasequence shows a coarsening-upward trend via upward increases in silt and sand content, thickness and lateral continuity of laminae/beds, and abundance of storm-generated sedimentary structures. Variations in bioturbation styles within parasequences are complex, although abrupt changes in bioturbation intensity or diversity commonly occur across parasequence boundaries (i.e. flooding surfaces). Due to changes in depositional environments, dominant sediment supply and bioturbation characteristics, parasequence styles in the Tununk Shale show considerable variability. Based on parasequence stacking patterns, eleven system tracts, four depositional sequences and key sequence stratigraphic surfaces can be identified. The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the Tununk Shale reveals a hierarchy of stratal cyclicity. Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to this thick mudstone-dominated succession provides important insights into the underlying causes of heterogeneity in these rocks over multiple thickness scales (millimetre-scale to metre-scale). The detailed sedimentological characterization of parasequences, system tracts and depositional sequences in the Tununk Shale provides conceptual approaches that can aid the development of high-resolution sequence stratigraphic frameworks in other ancient shelf mudstone successions. 相似文献
32.
在地震解释与储层预测中,地震属性扮演着重要角色.在砂砾岩储层研究过程中,常规属性效果并不理想,无法满足实际应用的需要.而过零点个数,虽是一种不被人经常使用的地震属性,但我们发现在砂砾岩体油藏预测中应用效果良好.为此,研究过零点个数地震属性的定义与计算方法,讨论子波主频、砂岩厚度、泥岩夹层和地层韵律性等与它的关系,通过模型测试与实际资料应用对其做较全面的诠释.研究表明:(1)对于单一界面地震记录,过零点个数不随子波主频和波长的变化而变化;(2)砂岩厚度与过零点个数呈正相关,厚砂岩的过零点个数要比薄砂岩大;(3)砂体间存在的泥岩夹层,厚度变化对过零点个数影响较小,但它会影响波组的形态;(4)不规则沉积与均匀沉积相比,过零点个数属性值要大,因此,此属性比较适合多期次发育的砂砾岩体或其他薄互层结构的储层预测.总的来说,过零点个数地震属性能够有效地识别砂砾岩体发育区,可为此类储层预测提供了一种新的优势属性. 相似文献
33.
盖层水岩相互作用研究及其油气地质意义——以黔中隆起及周缘为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
盖层封闭条件是南方海相碳酸盐岩沉积区寻找油气的关键,本文通过黔中隆起及周缘地区泥岩和灰岩盖层的水岩相互作用实验研究,模拟了泥岩、灰岩盖层在地表雨水、盐水和在不同温度下岩石的主要离子的溶解特征和质量损失特征。通过实验认为水岩相互作用对盖层的保存与破坏至关重要。不同水介质和不同流动状态下,盖层岩石在水介质中的溶解度和离子含量变化特征和幅度不同,泥岩与灰岩特征不同。表现在:天然雨水下,泥岩盖层阴、阳离子浓度均降低,并随时间趋于稳定,灰岩与泥岩略有差别;盐水环境下,盖层阴、阳离子溶解均受到抑制,浓度变化复杂,并随时间趋于稳定,灰岩与泥岩略有差别,温度升高溶解特征复杂化。下古生界在加里东运动暴露期间,黔中隆起及周缘盖层化学损失量巨大。 相似文献
34.
We report experimental measurements of bulk permeability changes due to a shear zone that is induced in siliceous mudstones collected from the Koetoi and Wakkanai Formations, northern Hokkaido, which are known to show different relationships between fault/fracture distribution and groundwater flow. We evaluate distributions of volumetric deformation in the induced shear zones by using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography. Measured permeability evolution while achieving the peak axial stress for specimens differed for the samples of the two formations. Permeability did not change obviously during shear for the Koetoi Fm. specimens, but in the Wakkanai Fm. specimens, the bulk permeability increased by a factor of 2.5 after reaching the peak stress. The difference in permeability change in these experiments can explain the differences in relationships between in situ groundwater flow and fracture distribution for the two formations. Analyses of the X-ray images reveal that this difference should reflect the differences of the volumetric deformation in the induced shear zones. Pore collapse occurred in the shear zone in the Koetoi Fm. specimen, which leads to porosity reduction, whereas fracture damages developed in the Wakkanai Fm. specimen, increasing porosity. These differences in the microstructure may reflect differences in yielding criteria for these host rocks. 相似文献
35.
保山盆地湖相泥岩微量元素分布与古盐度定量评价 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
于1994—1995年间,在云南保山盆地第三系地层采集泥岩样品,用中子活化分析方法和化学分析方法测定了泥岩的微量元素和氧化物含量;用X－射线衍射（XRD）分析和扫描电镜（SEM）分析方法测试了泥岩的粘土矿物成分和含量;应用科奇和亚当斯理论计算了湖盆古盐度。结果表明,该湖盆羊四段盐度最高达15.70,羊三段盐度为12．79,羊一段盐度为13．35,南林组盐度为13．26。随着沉积介质盐度的增大,微量元素硼（B）、相当硼含量逐渐增大,Sr／Ba,B／Ga比值也逐渐增加,它们之间呈线性正相关关系。 相似文献
36.
通过对伯格斯模型和西原模型的分析比较,选取西原模型研究岩体结构面的蠕变损伤特性。在0s情况下,由西原模型推出剪切模量的表达式,以剪切模量为变量定义损伤变量,得到结构面的损伤变量表达式。并以泥岩剪切试验为例,计算了相同正压力作用下的结构面剪切模量和损伤量。结果表明:当0s时,剪切模量、损伤量均随时间趋于稳定,且结构面蠕变的前两个阶段损伤量较小,而当0s时,一段时间后,其损伤量开始突变;剪应力越大,其初始剪切模量越大,随时间降低越快,达到稳定蠕变阶段时降低量也相应越大;剪应力越大,结构面损伤量随时间增长越快,在达到稳定蠕变阶段时,损伤量也越大。 相似文献
37.
三峡库区巴东组(T2b)紫红色泥岩工程地质特征研究 总被引：30，自引：8，他引：22
在三峡工程库区广泛分布一种三叠系中统巴东组的紫红色泥岩 ,在库区常被称为易滑地层。这种岩土体还具有一定膨胀性 ,致使一些边坡防护工程发生变形破坏。三峡工程库区移民区巴东、巫山、奉节等新城址出现的许多工程地质问题往往与此有关。本文在对巴东、巫山、奉节等地紫红色泥岩的基本地质特征研究基础上 ,对该地层的膨胀性、风化规律、水-岩相互作用等进行系统试验研究 ,为三峡工程库区滑坡防治和移民迁建工程提供科学依据。研究表明 :该地层粘土矿物含量一般为 1 7.9%左右 ,其中 ,有效蒙脱石含量一般在 1 .2 7～ 6 .0 1 %之间 ,混层矿物占粘土矿物的一半以上 ,具中 -强胶结 ,有弱膨胀性。岩石的风化以机械风化为主 ,沿剖面化学成分变化不大。沿剖面物理力学性质的变化除受风化作用制约外 ,受岩石颗粒组成的影响更为明显 ,因此可能出现深度异常现象。水对该地层岩石力学性质影响比较显著 ,应当特别关注水库蓄水初期库水位显著变化对边坡和地基土稳定性的影响 相似文献
38.
This study investigates petrophysical and acoustic properties of experimentally compacted reconstituted samples of seal sequences from the southwestern Barents Sea. The aggregates were collected from drill cuttings of mudstone and shale formations of two exploration wells, 7220/10-1 (Salina discovery) and 7122/7-3 (Goliat field). The washed and freeze-dried samples were characterized for grain size distributions, geochemical analyses, and mineralogical compositions. A total of 25 compaction tests (12 dry and 13 brine-saturated) were performed with a maximum effective vertical stress of 50 MPa. The laboratory measurements demonstrated that petrophysical and acoustic properties of argillaceous sediments can change within a sedimentary basin and even within a given formation. The results show that the collected aggregates from Goliat field are compacted more compared to Salina discovery. The maximum and minimum compaction are measured in samples collected from Snadd and Fuglen formations, respectively. The final porosity of brine-saturated specimens varies between 5% and 22%. The ultrasonic velocity measurements depict that samples with the same porosity values can have a broad range of velocity values. The resulting compaction trends in this study were compared to published compaction curves for synthetic mixtures of quartz and clay. All compaction trends show higher porosity reduction than the silt fraction with 100% quartz. Comparison of experimental compaction result of each mudstone and shale aggregate with its corresponding acquired well log data helps to delineate the burial history and exhumation in the study area. A net exhumation of 950 m and 800 m is estimated at Salina and Goliat wells, respectively. The outcomes of this study can provide insights for hydrocarbon prospect discovery in a pre-mature sedimentary basin in terms of exploration and production, and also for geological CO2 storage sites. The experimental results may provide information for well log and seismic interpretation, basin modeling and seal integrity of investigated horizons. 相似文献
39.
Failures of weak-rock slopes adjacent to roadsides in southwestern Taiwan most often occurred during or immediately after heavy rainfall. Field survey of weak rock slopes along the national South-2 Freeway conducted in this study showed that the slope protection methods employed in the study areas mainly included vegetation (82.0%), prestressed rock anchors with vegetation (6.8%), grille beam (5.9%), rock anchors with grille beam (3.6%). The highest failure rate occurred in the slopes that were protected by the vegetation method. The most frequently encountered weak rock formation along the South-2 Freeway is the alternating sandstone–shale formation (36.3%), followed in sequence by sandstone (24.4%), conglomerates (21.9%) and mudstone (17.4%). The field survey also found that the mudstone slopes present the highest failure rate among all rock types, and the most commonly encountered modes of failure were surface erosion and shallow slides. Factors affecting slope failure include inadequate drainage of storm water runoff, disparate rock types and vegetation on slope surfaces, slope angles and heights. This paper presents results of the field survey of the rate of failures of weak rock slopes in Southwestern Taiwan and examines the attributes of slope failures and the effectiveness of commonly used slope protection methods in the region. Requirements or essential features of an effective slope protection method are then presented along with the preliminary results of its field implementation. 相似文献
40.
南宁盆地泥岩力学性质研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过载荷试验、室内岩石试验以及旁压试验，分析了南宁盆地泥岩的力学性状特征和泥岩地基的破坏模式，提出了确定泥岩强度参数的经验关系。 相似文献