Scales of habitat heterogeneity and megabenthos biodiversity on an extensive Australian continental margin (100–1100 m depths)     

Alan Williams  Franziska Althaus  Piers K. Dunstan  Gary C.B. Poore  Nicholas J. Bax  Rudy J. Kloser  & Felicity R. McEnnulty 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(1):222-236

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The relationship between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and temperature variability in China during the last millennium     

JIANGLIN WANG  BAO YANG  FREDRIK CHARPENTIER LJUNGQVIST  YAN ZHAO 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(7):653-658

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卫星遥感图像空间分辨率适用性分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

张廷斌  唐菊兴  刘登忠 《地球科学与环境学报》2006,28(1):79-82

从卫星遥感图像空间分辨率的定义出发,简述了影响卫星遥感图像空间分辨率的几种因素。根据各研究领域和研究层次对卫星遥感空间分辨率的不同需求,给出其相应的空间分辨率。从测绘制图的角度确定了不同比例尺地图所需要的卫星遥感图像空间分辨率大小。讨论了当前主要遥感信息源的应用范围,并结合案例对其适用性进行了分析,最后指出了卫星遥感技术目前存在的一些问题,提出了几点看法。  相似文献   

Dimensions of environmental justice in anti-gold mining movements in Latin America     

Leire Urkidi  Mariana Walter 《Geoforum》2011,42(6):683-695

The present article examines two Latin American gold mining conflicts, one in the city of Esquel (Patagonia in Argentina) and the other in Pascua–Lama (Chilean border with Argentina). We identify the emergence of three dimensions of environmental justice (distribution, recognition, participation) in the anti-mining movements of these two cases. The study finds that some dimensions of justice appear first (participation and recognition), while distribution emerges later, as movements jump scales engaging with national and international networks that provide a systemic perspective of the conflicts. The findings are consistent with other studies that refer to environmental justice as multi-scalar and context related. We also point to the relevance of studying decision-making procedures and jumping scales to understand how environmental justice claims are framed in resource extraction conflicts.  相似文献   

Effect of spatial and temporal scales on habitat suitability modeling: A case study of Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest pacific ocean     

Caixia Gong  Xinjun Chen  Feng Gao  Siquan Tian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(6):1043-1053

Temporal and spatial scales play important roles in fishery ecology, and an inappropriate spatio-temporal scale may result in large errors in modeling fish distribution. The objective of this study is to evaluate the roles of spatio-temporal scales in habitat suitability modeling, with the western stock of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwest Pacific Ocean as an example. In this study, the fishery-dependent data from the Chinese Mainland Squid Jigging Technical Group and sea surface temperature(SST) from remote sensing during August to October of 2003–2008 were used. We evaluated the differences in a habitat suitability index model resulting from aggregating data with 36 different spatial scales with a combination of three latitude scales(0.5°, 1° and 2°), four longitude scales(0.5°, 1°, 2° and 4°), and three temporal scales(week, fortnight, and month). The coefficients of variation(CV) of the weekly, biweekly and monthly suitability index(SI) were compared to determine which temporal and spatial scales of SI model are more precise. This study shows that the optimal temporal and spatial scales with the lowest CV are month, and 0.5° latitude and 0.5° longitude for O. bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. This suitability index model developed with an optimal scale can be cost-effective in improving forecasting fishing ground and requires no excessive sampling efforts. We suggest that the uncertainty associated with spatial and temporal scales used in data aggregations needs to be considered in habitat suitability modeling.  相似文献   

银川平原降水氢氧稳定同位素时间尺度效应及水汽来源     

高阳  韩磊  韩永贵  黄晓宇  彭苓  柳利利 《干旱区地理》2022,45(1):91-102

为揭示银川平原降水稳定同位素的时间尺度效应及水汽来源,采用后向轨迹模型聚类分析法、潜在源贡献分析法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)解析水汽来源及潜在蒸发源区.结果表明:(1)银川平原降水氢氧稳定同位素组成存在明显的季节性变化,冬半年降水氢氧稳定同位素组成(-38.6‰±51.6‰和-4.5‰±5.2‰)明显偏...  相似文献   

Evaluation of impacts of climate change and human activities on streamflow in the Poyang Lake basin,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

Qiang Zhang  Jianyu Liu  Vijay P. Singh  Xihui Gu  Xiaohong Chen 《水文研究》2016,30(14):2562-2576

Variations in streamflows of five tributaries of the Poyang Lake basin, China, because of the influence of human activities and climate change were evaluated using the Australia Water Balance Model and multivariate regression. Results indicated that multiple regression models were appropriate with precipitation, potential evapotranspiration of the current month, and precipitation of the last month as explanatory variables. The NASH coefficient for the Australia Water Balance Model was larger than 0.842, indicating satisfactory simulation of streamflow of the Poyang Lake basin. Comparison indicated that the sensitivity method could not exclude the benchmark‐period human influence, and the human influence on streamflow changes was overestimated. Generally, contributions of human activities and climate change to streamflow changes were 73.2% and 26.8% respectively. However, human‐induced and climate‐induced influences on streamflow were different in different river basins. Specifically, climate change was found to be the major driving factor for the increase of streamflow within the Rao, Xin, and Gan River basins; however, human activity was the principal driving factor for the increase of streamflow of the Xiu River basin and also for the decrease of streamflow of the Fu River basin. Meanwhile, impacts of human activities and climate change on streamflow variations were distinctly different at different temporal scales. At the annual time scale, the increase of streamflow was largely because of climate change and human activities during the 1970s–1990s and the decrease of streamflow during the 2000s. At the seasonal scale, climate change was the main factor behind the increase of streamflow in the spring and summer season. Human activities increase the streamflow in autumn and winter, but decrease the streamflow in spring. At the monthly scale, different influences of climate change and human activities were detected. Climate change was the main factor behind the decrease of streamflow during May to June and human activities behind the decrease of streamflow during February to May. Results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for basin‐scale water resources management under the influence of climate change and human activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Patterns of spatial variation of nutrient content,epiphyte load and shoot size of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows (Mediterranean Sea)     

Inés Castejón‐Silvo  Jorge Terrados 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(2):165-175

Knowledge of patterns of spatial variability of vegetative development, epiphyte load and nutrient availability in seagrass meadows is essential for the adequate design of research and environmental monitoring programmes. Differences in shoot size, epiphyte load and nutrient content of leaves and epiphytes of the Mediterranean endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica at spatial scales ranging from metres to hundreds of metres are evaluated using a hierarchical nested sampling design. The size and epiphyte load of P. oceanica shoots and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and epiphytes were different in most of the spatial scales considered. Sampling efforts concentrated at the metre scale incorporated most of the variability in size, epiphyte load and nutrient content of the leaves and epiphytes of P. oceanica shoots. Epiphyte load showed no correlation with nutrient content in the epiphytes or in the leaves. However, epiphyte load and shoot size were negatively correlated, which suggests that light penetration in the canopy may be a main determinant of epiphyte load.  相似文献   

Invasion of Sargassum muticum in intertidal rockpools: Patterns along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula     

《Marine environmental research》2013

Spatial patterns of non-indigenous species show scale-dependent properties. Sargassum muticum is an invasive macroalga widely distributed along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Despite being quite abundant from Norway to South Portugal, there is little information about its patterns of distribution, particularly at a large spatial scale (i.e. thousands of kilometres). Here, we examined the spatial variation in the invasion success of S. muticum from rockpools at multiple spatial scales using a hierarchical design. In addition, we analysed how the richness of native assemblages was related to its invasion success and how this relationship changed over different scales. Most of the variation in the invasion success was found at the smallest scales of pool and plot. Furthermore, the invasibility of native macroalgal assemblages was related to the native species richness, but causes that determined invasion success could not be separated from the effects provoked by the invader. Results suggest that small-scale (centimetres to metres) processes contribute considerably to the heterogeneity of S. muticum invasion success.  相似文献   

1901-2012年中国西北地区东部多时间尺度干旱特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王芝兰  李耀辉  王素萍  冯建英  王劲松 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1666-1673

以干旱的多时间尺度特征出发,利用CRU最新数据,计算了考虑降水和气温双因子影响的标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),并与标准化降水指数(SPI)进行对比,分析中国西北地区东部1901-2012年不同时间尺度的干旱特征。本文不仅对百年来CRU资料的可靠性进行检验,而且对SPEI在西北地区东部的适应性进行讨论。结果表明:CRU资料可靠性较好,但由于CRU资料本身的属性,1920年以前资料的可靠性不确定。从干旱事件的发生强度及干旱范围分析,SPEI在西北地区东部具有较好的适用性。SPEI与SPI在不同时间尺度下的波动变化一致,短时间尺度主要表现年内或季节特征,长时间尺度则侧重表现年际、年代际特征。将研究区分为高原东北区和陕南区进行分析,1901-2012年高原东北区有4个干期,陕南区有5个干期。针对温度变化对西北地区东部干旱的影响及与SPI对比表明,高温对干旱的贡献不容忽视。  相似文献