Sarma‐based key‐group method for rock slope reliability analyses     

A. R. Yarahmadi Bafghi  T. Verdel 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(10):1019-1043

The methods used in conducting static stability analyses have remained pertinent to this day for reasons of both simplicity and speed of execution. The most well‐known of these methods for purposes of stability analysis of fractured rock masses is the key‐block method (KBM). This paper proposes an extension to the KBM, called the ‘key‐group method’ (KGM), which combines not only individual key‐blocks but also groups of collapsable blocks into an iterative and progressive analysis of the stability of discontinuous rock slopes. To take intra‐group forces into account, the Sarma method has been implemented within the KGM in order to generate a Sarma‐based KGM, abbreviated ‘SKGM’. We will discuss herein the hypothesis behind this new method, details regarding its implementation, and validation through comparison with results obtained from the distinct element method. Furthermore, as an alternative to deterministic methods, reliability analyses or probabilistic analyses have been proposed to take account of the uncertainty in analytical parameters and models. The FOSM and ASM probabilistic methods could be implemented within the KGM and SKGM framework in order to take account of the uncertainty due to physical and mechanical data (density, cohesion and angle of friction). We will then show how such reliability analyses can be introduced into SKGM to give rise to the probabilistic SKGM (PSKGM) and how it can be used for rock slope reliability analyses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鲁东地块的大地构造位置   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

牛保祥  陆荣莉  杨斌  王薇  赵永 《山东国土资源》2004,20(4):41-45

鲁东地块指沂沭断裂带以东的山东部分。本文从地体的观点 ,在介绍鲁东地块研究简史的基础上 ,指出其在中生代以前与鲁西地块有着相同的沉积历史 ,尤其胶南隆起上在地史时期曾有过华北型晚石炭世的沉积 ,因而不符合地体的含义 ,鲁东地块仍为华北地块的一部分。华北地块与扬子地块的分界线 (或两地块在印支期的最终拼接线 )应在嘉山至连云港、赣榆之间 ,而不是前人提出的青岛诸城断裂带。  相似文献   

Origin of the sedimentary deposits of the Naracoorte Caves, South Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.S. Forbes  E.A. Bestland   《Geomorphology》2007,86(3-4):369-392

The origin of the sediments located in the Naracoorte Caves (South Australia) was investigated via the analysis of strontium isotope ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy. Sedimentary deposits located in Robertson, Wet, Blanche and several other chambers in Victoria Cave are all variable mixes of fine sand and coarse silts, which display similar and consistent strontium isotope ratios (0.717–0.725). This suggests that over the 400 ka time frame that these deposits span there has been minimal variation in the source of the clastic sediments. Increased strontium concentrations for these cave sediments correspond with increasing silt content, yet there is no correlation between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and silt content. This implies that the silt-sized component of the sediments is the main contributor of strontium to the cave sediments. Comparisons of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr with regional surficial deposits show a significant correlation between the cave sediments (avg: 0.7228; n = 27), the fine silt lunettes of the Bool Lagoon area (avg: 0.7224; n = 4), the sandy A horizons of the Coonawarra Red Brown Earths (RBEs; avg: 0.726; n = 5), and Holocene age podsolic sand deposits (0.723). These data suggest that there has been substantial flux from this group of deposits to the caves, as would be expected considering prevailing winds. This relationship is further supported by a strong correlation between many trace elements, including Ti, Zr, Ce, and Y; however, variations in clay mineralogy suggest that the fine silt-dominated lunettes and Padthaway RBEs were not significant contributors to the cave deposits. Hence, the detritus entering the caves was more than likely from areas proximal to the cave entrance and was dominated by medium grain-sized materials. Major regional deposits, including the coarser-grained, calcite-rich Bridgewater Formation sands, basalts from the lower SE, Padthaway Horst granites, Gambier limestone, and metamorphics from the Adelaide geosyncline show minimal correlation in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy with the cave sediments, and are discounted as significant sources. In comparison, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for the Coorong silty sands (0.717–0.724), Lower Murray sands (0.727–0.730), and the medium size silt component of the Murray–Darling River system (0.71–0.72), compare favourably with the cave sediments. This relationship is further supported by similarities in elemental chemistry and mineralogy. Thus, much of the strontium-rich silt that is now located in the Naracoorte Cave sediments likely originated from the Murray–Darling basin. Over time, this material has been transported to the SE of South Australia, where it mixed with the medium sand component of the regressive dune ridge sequence, locally derived organic matter, limestone fragments, and fossil material to produce the unique deposits that we see evident in many of the chambers of the Naracoorte Cave system today.  相似文献   

Place ‘From One Glance’: the use of place in the marketing of New Zealand and Australian wines     

Glenn Banks  Steven Kelly  Nicolas Lewis  Scott Sharpe 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(1):15-35

Associations between place and wine are historically deep. Past and current narratives of wine production are wedded to environment attributes of particular places, and in both the European and Australasian settings this has been codified by way of formal labelling requirements for the place of origin for wines. In this paper we explore the role of place references on the front labels of Australian and New Zealand wines through a small initial survey. The results reveal that the importance of place references is stronger for New Zealand wines. We argue that this reflects strongly the very different structures of the industries in the two countries, with the emphasis for New Zealand producers on high-quality wines for which origin statements are expected as opposed to the Australian focus on the production of bulk, value-driven wines dependent on the blending of wines across regions and places. This in turn has implications for the future development and marketing trajectories of the two industries.  相似文献   

Contesting Domestic Ideals: queering the Australian home     

Andrew Gorman-Murray 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(2):195-213

The Australian home is a crucial site for both normalising and contesting acceptable modes of sexual identity, desire and behaviour. Social norms and government policies have imbricated the detached suburban dwelling with the heterosexual nuclear family form, consequently heterosexualising the ideal Australian home. But this discourse is simultaneously challenged by the domestic practices of gay men and lesbians, who use their homes to consolidate gay/lesbian identities, relationships and communities. As such, they unsettle the normative heterosexuality underpinning dominant, ideal conceptions of home. In this paper I present four vignettes which illustrate how some gay men and lesbians queer the ideal Australian home, generating domestic spaces which affirm sexual difference. In doing so, I highlight two key ways in which this process of ‘queering home’ works. First, through certain uses of home—activities taking place within domestic space. Second, through changes to the materiality of domestic space itself wrought by some homemaking practices, effectively embedding gay/lesbian identities and relationships within the physical environment of the home.  相似文献   

Palaeolimnological evidence for submerged plant loss in a floodplain lake associated with accelerated catchment soil erosion (Murray River,Australia)     

M. A. Reid  C. D. Sayer  A. P. Kershaw  H. Heijnis 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(2):191-208

Shallow lakes have been described as existing in two alternative equilibrium states, dominated by either submerged plants or phytoplankton. Causes of, often catastrophic, shifts between these states have been widely debated but may often result from displacement of the dominant community by stochastic influence. In Australian cut-off river meanders (also known as ‘billabongs’), anecdotal and palaeolimnological evidence suggests widespread loss of aquatic macrophytes since European occupation of the region c. post-1800. Our detailed and high-resolution stratigraphic study of a sediment core from Hogan’s Billabong (Murray River, Australia) seeks to identify the causes of the loss of aquatic macrophytes. Little direct evidence of the past extent and composition of submerged macrophyte communities was recovered. Nevertheless, results derived from other sediment proxies, including declines in the abundance of epiphytic diatoms and in plant-associated invertebrates, provide further indirect evidence of macrophyte disappearance. Despite limitations with radiometric dating, the sequence of events in the derived record suggests that a period of high abiotic turbidity, leading to a critical reduction in water transparency and caused by widespread erosion during the late 19th century, is the most likely factor contributing to loss of submerged vegetation from this billabong.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块西部构造研究中几个值得注意的问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王锋  赵红格 《中国地质》2007,34(3):392-399

基于20世纪70—80年代对鄂尔多斯地块西部构造的研究,所得出的地块西部南北统一的东西挤压逆冲推覆构造模式,随着目前该区油气勘探实践发展及研究的逐渐深入,已经越来越难以解释地质实际问题。同时,地块西部统一的东西向运动及南北成带的构造模式值得认真推敲;该区不存在大规模的前陆盆地;关于横向构造带、南北分区以及南北运动模式等问题的相继提出,说明随着研究的不断深入,地块西部区域构造的复杂性和多样性值得重新审视。在分析总结该区构造特征及发育模式时需要不断地加强全面研究,并对原有的认识进行不断的补充、修订和完善。  相似文献   

藏北南羌塘陆块北缘晚三叠世弄佰组火山岩的特征及构造环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永胜曲永贵  孙中纲郑春子谢元和  鲁宗林 《地质通报》2007,26(6):82-691

藏北南羌塘陆块北缘发育一套晚三叠世火山岩,命名为弄佰组。该组火山岩以玄武岩为主。岩石化学成分以低TiO_2、FeO Fe_2O_3、K_2O为特征。∑REE介于162.91×10~(-6)383.4×10~(-6)之间,∑Ce／∑Y介于1.83～3.00之间,δEu介于0.47～0.97之间,平均为0.73,负Eu异常较明显。微量元素Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th、Ce、Sm强烈富集,Ta、Nb、P、Ti、Cr相对亏损。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明弄佰组火山岩形成于消减带岛弧区。弄佰组火山岩出露于龙木错-双湖结合带的南侧,K-Ar同位素年龄值为223Ma±5Ma.与双湖带中蓝片岩和绿片岩相变质岩系的形成年龄(220～235Ma)基本一致,时空关系的紧密相连,说明其形成可能与晚三叠世龙木错-双湖古特提斯洋的南向俯冲消减事件有关。  相似文献   

藏北羌塘地块中部蓝片岩中捕获锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

邓希光张进江  张玉泉刘敦一 《地质通报》2007,26(6):98-702

羌塘中部2个蓝片岩样品中锆石的SHRIMp U-Pb定年结果表明,锆石属于残留锆石,不是蓝片岩相变质作用形成的新生锆石,这些年龄代表源区原岩的年龄或原岩捕获锆石的年龄,是不同构造-热事件的响应。首次在藏北羌塘地区获得了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄2533Ma,说明这颗锆石来自新太古代,虽然不一定源自本地,但至少暗示羌塘地区新太古代曾经可能发生过构造-热事件。  相似文献   

西澳Wallaby金矿成矿模式与勘查模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘方杰  秦西社  黄长青 《矿产与地质》2007,21(3):338-343

文章是译者根据前往澳大利亚考察时带回的 Wallaby特大型金矿材料整理翻译而成.文中对Wallaby金矿的成矿模式和勘查模式的表述值得我国同行借鉴和学习,其工作方法及找矿思路特别有利于我国勘查部门开展隐伏金矿的找矿.  相似文献