Distribution and seasonal variation of concentrations of particulate carbohydrates and uronic acids in the northern Indian Ocean   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Vishwas B. Khodse  Loreta Fernandes  V.V. Gopalkrishna  Narayan B. Bhosle  Veronica Fernandes  S.G. Prabhu Matondkar  Ravi Bhushan 《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):327-346

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected from the surface seawaters at 31 stations, and from various depths (2 to 1000 m) at 9 locations in the northern Indian Ocean during various seasons. SPM samples were analyzed for total particulate carbohydrate (TPCHO), total particulate uronic acid (TPURA) and total particulate neutral carbohydrate (TPNCHO) concentrations and composition. Strong spatial, temporal and depth related variations were evident in the distribution of these compounds. In surface waters, concentrations of TPCHO, TPNCHO, and TPURA varied from 0.57 to 3.58 μM C, 0.11 to 2.34 μM C, and from 0.01 to 0.31 μM C, respectively, and accounted for 2.6 to 34.6%, 2 to 24.5%, and 0.2 to 6.3% of POC, respectively, whereas the TPURA accounted for 4.7 to 22.7% of TPCHO. Concentrations and yields of both TPNCHO and TPURA decreased rapidly in the upper 100 m of the water column suggesting their utilization by heterotrophic organisms. Glucose was the most abundant constituent of the TPNCHO. Glucose mole fraction decreased while that of other monosaccharides, especially galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and fucose increased in the upper 100 m water. Below this depth, mole fraction of glucose increased while that of other sugars decreased with the increasing water depth. Generally, high C:N ratios were associated with low yields of carbohydrates and uronic acids. Inverse correlation between the mole fractions of arabinose plus xylose and rhamnose plus fucose indicates the importance of biogenic and terrestrial organic matter input to the Bay of Bengal. TPURA are surface-active in nature and thus may play an important role in coagulation of particles and macromolecules. The observed spatial and seasonal variations of these compounds may be due to differences in phytoplankton biomass, nutrient status, and the influence of terrestrial material.  相似文献   

Dissolved Organic Matter in Oceanic Waters   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Hiroshi Ogawa  Eiichiro Tanoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(2):129-147

The amount of information on oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) has increased dramatically in the last decade thanks to the advances in chemical characterization. This information has supported the development of some novel and important ideas for DOM dynamics in the ocean. Consequently, we have a better understanding of the importance of DOM in oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Here we review studies published mainly during 1995–2001, synthesize them and discuss unsolved problems and future challenges. The measurement, distribution and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are presented as the bulk dynamics of the oceanic DOM. The size spectrum, elemental composition, and chemical compositions at molecular and functional group levels are described. The mechanisms proposed for the survival of biomolecules in DOM are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Analyses of stomach contents and stable isotopes reveal food sources of estuarine detritivorous fish in tropical/subtropical Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hsing-Juh Lin  Wen-Yuan Kao  Ya-Ting Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):527-537

Detritivorous fish generally refers to fish that primarily ingest unidentified organic detritus. We analyzed stomach contents in combination with stable isotopes to trace and compare the food sources of the large-scale mullet Liza macrolepis and other detritivorous fish species in subtropical mangrove creeks and a tropical lagoon in Taiwan. The volume of organic detritus always contributed >50% of the stomach content of L. macrolepis in the two habitats. However, consumed items were distinct between the two habitats and corresponded to the types in which they reside. The consumed items in the lagoon were more diverse than those observed in the mangroves. In the mangroves, the diet composition of L. macrolepis was primarily determined by season, not by body size. In the lagoon, there were no clear seasonal or size-dependent grouping patterns for the diet composition. There were significant seasonal and spatial variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of potential food sources and L. macrolepis. However, neither δ¹³C nor δ¹⁵N values of L. macrolepis were correlated with fish body size. Joint analyses of stomach contents and stable isotopes indicated that benthic microalgae on sediments were the most important assimilated food in both seasons for the dominant detritivorous fish in the mangroves, whereas a greater reliance on microalgal and macroalgal periphyton on oyster-culture pens was observed in the lagoon. Mangrove and marsh plants and phytoplankton, which are mostly locally produced within each habitat, were of minor importance in the assimilated food.  相似文献   

An analysis of a zooplankton sampling-gear change in the CalCOFI long-term monitoring program, with implications for copepod population abundance trends     

Ginger A. Rebstock   《Progress in Oceanography》2002,53(2-4)

The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program has been systematically sampling zooplankton off the west coast of North America since 1949. In 1978, the 1-m diameter ring net used by the program was replaced with a bongo net, which consists of two 0.71-m diameter nets on a single frame. This study compares paired zooplankton samples taken with a ring net and a 0.71-m or 0.6-m bongo net to determine the relative performances of the two net types for catching calanoid copepods. Thirty-one species and stages were enumerated, along with the category ‘total female calanoids’. Twenty-one categories of calanoid copepods were abundant enough to test for effects of changes in net type. No significant differences between the nets were found after correcting for multiple testing. Statistical power was then estimated for a range of potential net effects equivalent to ratios of copepod densities between the nets of 1.1–3.0. The probability of detecting differences greater than a factor of 1.5–3.0 was high (≥80%) for total female calanoids, Metridia pacifica, Pleuromamma abdominalis edentata, P. borealis, Calanus pacificus, Eucalanus californicus and Rhincalanus nasutus. For these categories of copepods, any population changes greater than a factor of 1.5–3.0 that might be found from the CalCOFI data set can be assumed to be the result of factors other than the change in net type.  相似文献   

大鹏澳浮游植物现存量和初级生产力及N∶P值对其生长的影响     

宋星宇  黄良民  张建林  尹健强  张俊彬  黄小平 《热带海洋学报》2004,(5)

2001年7月测定大鹏澳表层叶绿素a含量为2.61—19.87mg·m-3,初级生产力为404.08—1097.25mgC·(m2·d)-1,N∶P值远高于Redfield比值16。回归分析表明,该水域浮游植物的现存量或生长量并不受某个单一因子调控。在营养盐加富试验中,加入含有P系列的浮游植物增殖速度最快,揭示P是此时大鹏澳浮游植物的潜在限制因子。将大鹏澳浮游植物水样置于不同的N∶P值环境中进行实验,结果表明,浮游植物在N∶P值为30的梯度组中生物量最高,浮游植物生物多样性程度也最高,其次是N∶P值为16和8的梯度组。N∶P值为30的梯度组的浮游植物优势种的时间变化最稳定。  相似文献   

胶州湾营养盐限制的上行效应研究     

王勇  周毅  孙鹤鲲 《海洋科学集刊》2004,46(46):148-157

在许多水体生态系统中，浮游植物的生长受到营养盐可利用性的调控(Howarth，1988)。在一定的浓度范围内，营养盐对浮游植物的生长有促进作用，但如果营养盐浓度过低，则会对浮游植物的生长产生限制作用，过高则有毒理作用。 由于人类活动的影响，导致大量富含N、P的工业与生活污水排放入海水中，造成沿岸海水的富营养化。营养盐本底含量的增加对沿岸海水中浮游植物群落的组成影响巨大(Durate，1995)。Pedersen等(1996)指出，在沿岸海洋生态系统中，富营养化的结果会促进生长快速、生活周期短的藻类的丰度与生产力迅速增加，而生长缓慢的藻类由于在竞争中处于劣势，其丰度则可能下降。 在海洋生态系统中，用瓶子培养实验和化学计量法所得出的营养盐限制结论经常出现差异。溶解营养盐的浓度被最早用来指示营养盐的限制性，这些主要基于一些负的实验证据，例如，当磷酸盐仍然可测时，溶解硝酸盐已经检测不到 (Nixon et al.，1983)，暗示N可能比P更限制浮游植物的生长。但是在营养盐浓度无法检测得到的情况下，仍然有许多浮游植物种类对N、P有很高的亲和能力，因此藻的生长并未受到营养盐的限制。本实验应用是瓶子培养实验，该方法的优点是现场操作，光照和温度条件与现场基本一致，通过生物方法来反应营养盐的限制作用，结果可信度较高。本论文研究的目的是观察胶州湾浮游植物对营养盐添加的响应效果，以期对胶州湾营养盐限制研究提供有价值的科学信息。  相似文献   

关于多连通区域上解析函数的Riemann-Hilbert边值问题     

王莉萍 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(4)

讨论N+1连通区域上解析函数的Riemann—Hilbert边值问题,利用解析函数边值问题的理论,通过解析函数变态的Riemann—Hilbert边值问题解的存在唯一性及调和测度的性质,研究解析函数的Riemann—Hilbert边值问题,给出了此问题解的存在唯一性。  相似文献   

AccQ-Tag法测定毛蚶抗贫血口服液中的氨基酸含量     

徐赤  顾谦群  付余强 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(3):380-384

以 6 -氨基喹啉 - N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基氨基甲酸酯 (AQC)为衍生剂 ,与毛蚶抗贫血口服液中的氨基酸柱前定量衍生 ,用 Waters HPL C仪 ,Acc Q- Tag TM专用 C18柱 (3.9mm× 15 cm) ,以140 mmol· L-1的醋酸钠溶液 (p H5 .0 2 )为溶剂 A,乙腈为溶剂 B,超纯水 (Milli- Q水 )为溶剂 C,进行梯度洗脱 ,检测波长为 2 4 8nm,35 min测试完毕。各种氨基酸测定的重现性 RSD%均 <3.0 %(n=5 )。该方法简便快速 ,结果准确可信。  相似文献   

N,N’-双癸酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成与性能研究     

毕彩丰  马少华  薛尧森  言亮亮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(3)

以乙二胺和氯乙酸为原料,在低温常压下合成乙二胺二乙酸(EDDA),再以EDDA与癸酰氯反应制得N,N’-双癸酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠。采用核磁共振波谱确证了其结构;对产品的临界表面张力、起泡及稳泡能力、乳化能力及润湿渗透性能进行表征。在25℃时,N,N’-双癸酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠溶液的临界表面张力为28.1mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1.6×10-3mol/L。显示出该产品有优良的起泡稳泡性能、乳化性能及润湿渗透性能,是1种优良的表面活性剂。  相似文献   

Comparison of atmospheric forcing in four sub-arctic seas     

Muyin Wang  Nicholas A. Bond  James E. Overland 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2543

A comparative analysis was conducted on climate variability in four sub-arctic seas: the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea shelf, the Labrador Sea, and the Barents Sea. Based on data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the focus was on air–sea interactions, which influence ice cover, ocean currents, mixing, and stratification on sub-seasonal to decadal time scales. The seasonal cycles of the area-weighted averages of sea-level pressure (SLP), surface air temperature (SAT) and heat fluxes show remarkable similarity among the four sub-arctic seas. With respect to variation in climate, all four seas experience changes of comparable magnitude on interannual to interdecadal time scales, but with different timing. Since 2000 warm SAT anomalies were found during most of the year in three of the four sub-arctic seas, with the exception of the Sea of Okhotsk. A seesaw (out of phase) pattern in winter SAT anomalies between the Labrador and the Barents Sea in the Atlantic sector is observed during the past 50 years before 2000; a similar type of co-variability between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea shelf in the Pacific is only evident since 1970s. Recent positive anomalies of net heat flux are more prominent in winter and spring in the Pacific sectors, and in summer in the Atlantic sectors. There is a reduced magnitude in wind mixing in the Sea of Okhotsk since 1980, in the Barents Sea since 2000, and in early spring/late winter in the Bering Sea shelf since 1995. Reduced sea-ice areas are seen over three out of four (except the Sea of Okhotsk) sub-arctic seas in recent decades, particularly after 2000 based on combined in situ and satellite observations (HadISST). This analysis provides context for the pan-regional synthesis of the linkages between climate and marine ecosystems.  相似文献