IGRF-11描述的2005-2010年中国地区地磁长期变化及其误差分析     

陈斌  顾左文  高金田  袁洁浩  狄传芝 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(2):512-521

第11代国际地磁参考场(IGRF-11)是国际地磁学与高空物理学联合会(IAGA)于2009年12月提出的最新与比较准确的IGRF.根据IGRF-11模型,计算了2005-2010年中国地区地磁长期变化(SVC).IGRF-11所描述的2005-2010年中国地区地磁长期变化与实际观测的地磁长期变化(SVO)是基本一致的,但亦有明显差异.分析比较了在中国地区34个台站上的SVO与SVC之间的差异,并得到了它们之间的差值及其均方误差σ,对于地磁偏角和倾角,σ分别为0.35′/a与0.53′/a;对于地磁总强度、水平分量、北向分量、东向分量与垂直分量,σ分别为5.12nT/a,8.91nT/a,8.89nT/a,3.27nT/a与3.59nT/a.引起IGRF-11所描述的2005-2010年中国地区地磁长期变化的误差原因是:中国地区的区域性与局部性的磁异常、IGRF忽略了外源场与IGRF模型的截断阶数、全球台站与测点的分布不均匀、地磁观测误差等因素.由于中国地磁模型(CGM)优于IGRF模型,并能比较准确地描述中国地区地磁场及其长期变化,故在实际应用中应选用CGM.  相似文献   

Multidecadal changes in moisture condition during climatic growing period of crops in Northeast China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural water status during crop growth season can provide scientific evidences for more efficient use of water resources and sustainable development of agricultural production under climate change. In this study, the following were used to evaluate the multidecadal changes in moisture condition during climatic growth period of crops in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010: (1) the daily climate variables gathered from 101 meteorological stations in Northeast China for 1961–2010; (2) FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Penman–Monteith equation; (3) 80% guaranteed probability for agro-climatic indicators; and (4) the daily average temperature stably passing 0 °C, which is the threshold temperature of climatic growth period for crops. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) and relative moisture index were further calculated. The results showed that Northeast China’s climate in the main agricultural areas over the past 50 years was warmer and drier in general, with a growing range and intensity of drought. From 1961 to 2010, when the daily average temperature stably passed 0 °C, the average annual total precipitation (P) and ET₀ with 80% guaranteed probability in Northeast China both emerged as decreasing trends with averages of 555.0 mm and 993.7 mm, respectively. However, the decline in P was greater than that of annual total ET₀. As a result, the annual relative moisture indices sharply decreased with an average of −0.44, mostly fluctuating from −0.59 to −0.25. As far as spatial distributions were concerned, the inter-regional reductions in P and relative moisture index over the past 50 years were conspicuous, especially in some agricultural areas of central Heilongjiang Province, northeastern Jilin Province and northeastern Liaoning Province. On the contrary, ET₀ obviously increased in some agricultural areas of central and northwestern Heilongjiang Province (eg. Qiqiha’er, Shuangyashan, Hegang, Suihua, etc.), and northeastern Jilin Province (eg. Baicheng). This indicated that drought existed and was unfavorable for crop growth and development, especially during the period of 2001–2010. This finding revealed that drought was still one of the most important agricultural meteorological disasters in Northeast China. Some countermeasures should be formulated to adapt to climate change. Our findings have important implications for improving climate change impact studies, for breeding scientists to breed higher yielding cultivars, and for agricultural production to cope with ongoing climate change.  相似文献   

The CRONUS-Earth inter-comparison for cosmogenic isotope analysis     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

As part of the NSF-funded program CRONUS-Earth, a series of natural reference materials for in situ produced ²⁶Al, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl were prepared and circulated to United States, Australian, and European laboratories for analysis to explore the comparability of results from the different laboratories and generate preliminary consensus values for a range of reference material. Such reference materials, which did not exist for these isotopes, assist laboratories in independently assessing quality and are useful to quantify precision and accuracy. Currently, most researchers report only internal analytical uncertainties for all results. While researchers have acknowledged the need for realistic inter-laboratory uncertainties for in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes, few previous studies have addressed this issue. Two samples (denoted A and N) were provided for ²⁶Al, ¹⁰Be and in situ ¹⁴C analysis, one from the Antarctic, high in ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be and the other from Australia, lower in both ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be. Both samples were prepared to quartz at the University of Vermont. For each sample, results have been summarised in terms of the mean reported concentration, standard deviation both between (inter) and within (intra) laboratories to describe inter- and intra-laboratory variability. Coefficients of variation (CoV) expressed as a percentage of the mean are also reported. For in-situ ¹⁴C, a small number of laboratories reported results, so they are summarised separately. Initial uncorrected results for ¹⁰Be for samples A and N showed significant variation (greater than 8% CoV) in results. When corrected to a common standardisation basis, the CoV was 2.9% for ¹⁰Be measurements of sample A (high concentration) and to 4.1% for sample N (lower concentration), which is closer to typical cosmogenic samples. ²⁶Al measurements had greater variation; a CoV of 4.9% was achieved for sample A (high concentration) but for the lower concentration sample N, the CoV was 10.1%.  相似文献   

基于重构激发信号的电磁式可控震源相关检测参考信号方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨志超  姜弢  徐学纯  林君  贾海青  马瑞琪  陈振振 《地球物理学报》2016,59(1):318-329

针对电磁式可控震源地震数据的相关检测,研究发现,在地下结构复杂、基板-大地耦合不佳时,常规方法——基于震源控制信号或基板附近信号作为参考信号检测得到的地震记录中,存在子波到时误差和虚假多次波问题.本文分析了上述问题的理论原因,并提出基于重构激发信号的相关检测参考信号方法(Correlation Detection Reference Signal Based on the Reconstructed Excitation Signal,CDRSBRES).首先,利用直达波与其他地震波到时不一致的特点,从震源基板附近信号中分离、提取直达波.然后,利用直达波重构震源激发信号并作为参考信号对地震数据进行相关检测.最后,应用谱白化技术提高检测结果质量.数值模拟研究表明,重构激发信号与理想激发信号的相关系数为0.9869,达到高度线性相关,CDRSBRES方法检测的地震记录在子波到时和波形特征上均与模型相符.随后,在某金属矿区开展了可控震源对比实验.与液压式可控震源MiniVib T15000检测结果相比,电磁式可控震源PHVS 500的检测结果中:基于震源控制信号的检测结果存在子波到时误差约0.012s,对应垂向精度误差约11.16m;基于基板附近信号的检测结果部分区域出现虚假多次波,信噪比降低;而CDRSBRES方法的检测结果子波到时误差约0.001s,对应垂向精度误差约0.93m,波形特征一致,相同区域无虚假多次波.综上,本方法适用于电磁式可控震源地震数据的高精度检测,尤其对于地下结构复杂区域的高分辨率地震勘探具有重要意义.  相似文献   

中国荒漠类自然保护区保护成效评估指标及其应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

辛利娟  靳勇超  朱彦鹏  罗建武  王亮  陈冰  王伟 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1693-1699

自然保护区的保护成效是近年来一个重要科学问题。中国荒漠类自然保护区面积比例较高,而针对其保护成效问题的研究较少。本文以中国荒漠类自然保护区为研究对象,结合国内外自然保护区保护成效的相关研究,构建了荒漠类自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系,包括5个因素层共计20个评估指标,并在安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区进行了示范应用。结果表明:本研究构建的指标体系能够反映荒漠类自然保护区主要保护对象的动态变化,从而为科学客观评估荒漠类自然保护区保护成效、提升管理水平提供重要参考依据。此外,通过示范评估可以看出,安西保护区在物种及珍稀濒危生物保护方面取得了一定成效,但在珍稀濒危及特有物种和生态系统服务功能等方面的科研监测尚有待加强。  相似文献   

数字地磁绝对观测若干问题探讨     

邓娜  杨冬梅  杨艳芳  陈俊 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(Z1)

结合全国地磁台网2008年的观测数据,研究了绝对观测中应该注意的问题,如D I仪操作的基本技术、基线值计算中软件的使用技巧和基线选定的方法,以及绝对观测仪器的维护等。  相似文献   

托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

满苏尔·沙比提  马国飞  张雪琪 《冰川冻土》2017,39(6):1241-1248

利用保护区的3期Landsat TM遥感影像数据,运用GIS技术并结合区域生态环境质量指数,对托木尔峰自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力进行分析。结果表明:近27 a来,冰川和草地面积持续增长,增幅分别为12.37%和99.36%;水体和荒地面积持续减少,减幅为23.07%和12.15%;林地前阶段(1989-2003年)减少16.77%,后阶段(2003-2016年)增加57.91%。区域土地利用/覆被综合动态度,前阶段为0.39%,后阶段为0.36%;前阶段转化率为21.95%,后阶段转化率为18.91%。水体、草地和林地的转化率较高,冰川和荒地的转化率较低;尽管土地利用/覆被类型内部结构变化较复杂、频繁,但各类型之间相互转换的活跃程度逐渐趋于平缓。研究区生态环境质量指数呈增长趋势,年均增长率为0.31%,生态环境逐年改善。致使研究区生态环境质量改善的主要驱动力为气候的变暖湿和土地利用政策的改变。近27 a来,研究区中高山带降水量的增加,扩大了保护区冰川雪地的面积;晋升为国家级自然保护区后的土地利用政策,有效遏制了人类活动对保护区土地利用/覆被的影响,进而使生态贡献率较低的荒地转化为生态贡献率高的林草地,提高了区域生态环境的质量。  相似文献   

石英中铝、钙和镁的纳米离子探针原位分析标准物质研究     

李照阳  张刘平  郝佳龙  梁婷 《岩石学报》2017,33(10):3278-3284

石英胶结物是砂岩中重要的胶结物类型。用纳米离子探针(CAMECA Nano SIMS 50L)对石英胶结物中Al、Ca和Mg等重要微量元素进行原位分析,可为成岩作用研究提供重要基础依据。然而,由于缺乏相应的标准物质,一直不能对石英胶结物中Al、Ca和Mg进行研究。针对不均一的石英颗粒样品,文中采用细磨、混合、高温熔融(2000℃,6个小时)与快速冷却等措施,制作均一化的石英玻璃。经纳米离子探针验证,该石英玻璃中Al、Ca和Mg在亚微米尺度上是均一的,已能满足成岩作用研究的需要。随后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了石英玻璃中Al、Ca和Mg的含量。相对灵敏度因子分析显示,这些测试结果是协调、合理的。该均一化的石英玻璃可作为亚微米尺度Al、Ca和Mg原位分析的标准物质。  相似文献   

地理国情监测专业“时空数据库”课程建设探索     

张鹏林  杜娟  余长慧  周军其  艾明耀 《测绘通报》2017,(10):148

依据地理国情监测新型专业的特点,结合“时空数据库”的教学与实践,针对地理国情监测专业的专业规划和培养目标,对“时空数据库”课程的目标、特点、内容体系、教学方法和实践环节进行了探讨和论述,为时空数据库课程建设和内容的优化提供了建议。  相似文献   

Pteraspidomorphs (Vertebrata), the Old Red Sandstone,and the special case of the Brecon Beacons National Park,Wales, U.K.     

《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(3):438-446

Pteraspidomorphi are Ordovician to Devonian, jawless vertebrates devoid of paired fins that have developed a variety of phenotypes of mostly demersal aquatic animals of the neritic province. Some, however, were active swimmers in the water column or near to the surface. They show many convergences in adaptive variations with the other ossified agnathan vertebrates or ostracoderms, that is the osteostracans, galeaspids and pituriaspids. They are traditionally known as Old Red Sandstone (ORS) fish, and have been interpreted as fresh-water inhabitants. However, recent palaeoecological and sedimentological analyses have shown that they were near-shore, shallow-marine fishes in the Ordovician, that they occupied marine environments on the Silurian Baltic platform and a wide variety of environments in the Devonian, including those of the ORS (lagoonal, estuarine, deltaic, and open platform). Their peak of diversity was reached in the Early Devonian, and they all disappeared before the Frasnian-Famennian boundary biotic crisis. Within Earth sciences, they are used in biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, and palaeobiogeography. They are good tools for dating siliciclastic sedimentary series of the Silurian and Devonian, including the ORS, and they are good markers of the margins of Ordovician to Devonian palaeocontinents (Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, Gondwana).  相似文献