城市居住单元绿地景观遥感环境研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程承旗  李虎  郭仕德  马廷 《测绘科学》2005,30(3):58-60

城市是人类改造最彻底的景观,城市中的居住单元是与市民最息息相关的景观单元。绿地是居住单元的重要自然要素,在调节气候、改善环境质量、吸尘消声等方面起着重要作用,在一定程度上反映了居住单元景观质量的优劣。遥感、地理信息系统与景观生态学理论共同形成了对生态系统空间格局进行研究的独具特色的研究模式,而利用景观指数对空间格局进行定量化研究是这种研究模式的基本内容。传统的景观指数研究多基于TM、SPOT影像在较大尺度上开展,基于高分辨率遥感影像在居住单元这样的小尺度上研究景观格局还较少。本文具体介绍了利用高分辨率遥感影像提取居住单元绿地景观斑块的整个过程,并选取绿地覆盖率、斑块密度、分维数、均匀度指数和最大斑块指数等指数,分析了厦门居住单元的绿地景观结构,最后采用模糊评判的方法对选取的居住单元作综合评价。  相似文献   

中国老龄化地理学综述和研究框架构建   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5  

高晓路  吴丹贤  许泽宁  颜秉秋 《地理科学进展》2015,34(12):1480-1494

在老龄化快速推进、经济社会转型和城乡空间重构的特殊时期,中国人口老龄化现象日趋复杂,地理学与老年学等学科交叉的需求日益凸显。亟需从学科构建的角度出发,思考老龄化地理学的研究方向,填补老龄化研究的空白,丰富与拓展地理学研究领域。本文在回顾已有研究的基础上,梳理出国内老龄化地理学研究的5个主题,即：①人口老龄化的时空特征和驱动因素;②人口老龄化的空间效应;③老年人健康与环境的关系;④老年人的空间行为;⑤养老服务的空间组织与规划,并对相关研究进展进行评述。通过国内外的比较研究,对老龄化地理学的学科定位、研究体系和理论方法建构进行了分析和展望,以期为从地理学视角解读中国特定社会经济背景下的人口老龄化现象提供一个研究框架。  相似文献   

北京城市老年人居住环境及生活满意度分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张景秋  刘欢  齐英茜  李雪妍 《地理科学进展》2015,34(12):1628-1636

本文以北京60岁及以上的老年群体为研究对象,使用第六次人口普查和抽样调查数据,通过统计和空间分析方法分析了北京城市老年人的居住环境及生活满意度。研究表明：①北京城市老龄化空间从市中心向外围,呈现出由高向低的波状结构,峰值出现在三环及其周边地区;在北京内城及西北和西南近郊区人口老龄化趋势较为明显;②北京老年样本人群的居住方式以2口之家为主,其次为4口和5口之家,且后者年龄层低于前者,独居和空巢老人样本年龄多集中在70岁以上;现有住户主要通过购买单位房和租用公共房来解决居住问题;③北京城市老年群体对其目前生活状态的满意程度总体呈中上水平,从收入、健康、生活状态和开心度4个方面来看,样本人群的开心度要略高于其他三项,对收入的满意度相对要低;④利用二分Logistic模型,从居住方式、邻里关系、周边配套服务设施、社区环境状况4个维度进行分析,发现大型购物设施、社区文体活动、邻里关系、社区认同感对老年人生活满意度的正向影响度大,而空巢、医疗设施和物业管理水平对老年人的生活满意度产生负向影响。  相似文献   

从城市建设角度浅谈无障碍设计的要求     

陈海 《中国勘察设计》2009,(9):86-88

社会老龄化和对社会弱势群体的关爱是我国目前城市建设所面临的一个重要问题,也是社会文明进步的标志。笔者就在城市建设中为什么应重视无障碍设计和如何进行无障碍设计,为老年人、残疾人提供与健康公民一样的平等权利和生活环境,最大限度地减少他们对别人的依赖,满足他们自立、自尊的心理要求,达到共享社会进步成果做一些探讨。  相似文献   

国内外城市生活垃圾处理概况   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

孙向阳  宋树林 《海岸工程》1999,18(4):92-95

介绍了国内和国外工业发达城市生活垃圾的处理概况,包括垃圾的收集、运输和处理工艺及其发展方向,提出了国内在城市垃圾处理上存在的一些问题。  相似文献   

Living coccolithophores in the western Pacific Ocean with mesoscale eddies     

Danyue Huang  Haijiao Liu  Jun Sun  Yuqiu Wei  Liuyang Li  Guicheng Zhang  Laxman Pujari 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):111-128

Living coccolithophores(LCs) are regarded as a group of calcifiers and play important roles in global carbon cycle.This study used microscopic observations of LCs in the western Pacific Ocean to investigate their community structure and biodiversity,especially to test whether local physical traits(mesoscale eddies) could explain their biogeographic distributions during autumn of 2017.The coccolithophore calcite inventory based on carbon-volume transformation was estimated in this study.A total of 28 taxa of coccospheres and 19 types of coccoliths were identified from 161 samples.Gephyrocapsa oceanica was the most predominant species in all the coccolithophore community,followed by Florisphaera profunda,Emiliania huxleyi,Umbilicosphaera sibogae,Gladiolithusflabellatus and Umbellosphaera tenuis.The abundance of coccospheres and coccoliths ranged from 0 to 26.8×10~3 cells/L and from 0 to 138.5×10~3 coccoliths/L,averaged at 4.2×10~3 cells/L and 10.9×10~3 coccoliths/L,respectively.This study indicated that coccolithophore community in the survey area can be clustered into four groups.Three ecological niches of coccolithophores were characterized by their vertical profiles and multivariate statistical analysis.Coccolithophore abundance and species composition were remarkably different among warm-eddy region,G.oceanica dominated warm-eddy region,while F.profunda dominated warm-eddy and none-eddy region.The average values of estimated particulate inorganic carbon,particulate organic carbon were0.197 μg/L and 0.140 μg/L,respectively.The current field study widened the dataset of coccolithophores in western Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

Quantifying the vertical distribution pattern of land-use conversion in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi Province 1995–2015     

Cao  Zhi  Li  Yurui  Liu  Zhengjia  Yang  Lingfan 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(5):730-748

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The mountainous and hilly region plays an important role in ecological safety and production in China. However, recent studies have poorly characterized the...  相似文献   

传统村落活态性定量评价研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

邹君  陈菡  黄文容  刘沛林 《地理科学》2020,40(6):908-917

提出传统村落活态性概念,从物质遗产、非物质遗产和村落居民3个方面构建传统村落活态性评价指标体系。通过实地踏勘、文献查阅、问卷调查等方法获取数据,对湖南省大湘西地区3个不同类型的传统村落活态性进行定量评价。结果表明：① 整体上失活问题较为普遍,东山村活态性最差,小市村次之,地笋苗寨活态性最好。② 从系统层来看,物质遗产是影响村落活态性最为重要的贡献因子,从要素层来看,人口结构、历史建筑和格局肌理是影响传统村落活态性的主要贡献因子。③ 从系统层来看,非物质遗产是导致湘西地区传统村落失活的主要因素,从要素层来看,人口数量、传统技能技艺、自然生态环境是导致传统村落失活的主要因子。④ 总体来看,旅游型传统村落活态性好于城镇化型和传统型村落。但是,不同类型村落的活态性贡献因子和失活因子均存在一定差异。  相似文献   

Impact of environmental change on women in a peripheral coastal area, Nigeria     

B. Folasade Iyun 《GeoJournal》1999,48(3):223-229

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The distribution of meiofauna on back‐reef sandy platforms in the Maldives (Indian Ocean)     

Federica Semprucci  Paolo Colantoni  Giuseppe Baldelli  Marco Rocchi  Maria Balsamo 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(4):592-607

The Maldivian archipelago comprises some of the most characteristic and significant world atoll systems, but the meiobenthic assemblages of these islands continue to be largely unknown. To investigate variations in meiofaunal spatial distribution and biodiversity in back‐reef platforms, three transects were studied, two at Felidhoo (the north and east sides) and one at South Malé. The sedimentological features of the samples obtained were also analyzed to further current knowledge on the relationships that exist between sediments and meiofauna. Our results reveal that the meiofaunal assemblage at these locations is well diversified and includes 20 major taxa. Nematodes and copepods are dominant, together forming 68% of the total meiofauna, followed by platyhelminthes, polychaetes and ostracods. The nematode assemblage is very rich and composed of 34 families and 123 genera – 96 of which (78%) set new records for the Maldives. The structures of the meiofaunal and nematode assemblages are relatively similar on the ‘large‐scale’ level (i.e. when the different platforms are compared) and reveal a low β‐diversity. However, significant dissimilarities were detected within each platform, emphasizing that such ‘small‐scale’ differences are the main factors determining the structure of the meiofauna and, in particular, the nematode assemblages. Although significant differences were not detected between the transects, greater levels of dissimilarity were recognized at North Felidhoo. Here, the building of inclined deposit layers plays a significant role in increasing the heterogeneity of the platform habitats and sediments, confirming the great importance of sediment granulometry as an environmental variable. Indeed, a close relationship is observed between meiofauna (especially for the nematodes) and grain size, which appears to control the structure, diversity and trophic composition of the Maldivian meiofauna assemblages, thus highlighting the high biodiversity existing in the medium‐coarse sands.  相似文献