Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man     

James B. Innes  Jeffrey J. Blackford  Peter J. Davey 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(7):603-613

The adoption of cereal cultivation is a key benchmark in the transition from Mesolithic hunter–gatherer foraging to Neolithic farming economies, but the nature, timing and ecological–cultural context of the earliest cereal use in the British Isles and northwest Europe is still uncertain. We present AMS radiocarbon dating and fine‐resolution pollen evidence from the Isle of Man for cereal growing in the latter stages of a distinct episode of forest disturbance at almost 6000 yr BP (uncalibrated). The coherent ecological structure of this phase at the fine resolution level suggests that it records cereal cultivation well before the Ulmus decline, rather than wild grass pollen grains. This example is one of a cluster of early dates for cereal‐type pollen near the start of the sixth millenium BP, including several around the Irish Sea, which indicate that the introduction of cereal agriculture probably occurred as early in the central British Isles as in the northern European plain. This early cereal phase is followed later by a probable phase of pre‐Ulmus decline pastoral activity. We also report Mesolithic age woodland disturbance around 7000 yr BP (uncalibrated) and the first radiocarbon dates for mid‐Holocene forest history of the Isle of Man. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广西柳州白莲洞遗址的铀系年龄   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

沈冠军  王家齐  徐必学  匡云  赵建新 《地层学杂志》2001,25(2):89-93,106

因涵盖新—旧石器过渡、出土人类化石及别具一格的石制品 ,广西柳州白莲洞遗址对古人类和石器文化的研究具有重要意义。新生碳酸盐岩铀系测年的结果表明 :该遗址新—旧石器间的过渡期不超过 3ka± ,短于基于钙板 1 4 C测年得出的 6 ka± ;西 6层钙板和石笋的 2 3 0 Th年龄为 16 0 ka± ,西 7层人牙化石的年代应大于此值 ;“白莲洞式”石片打制法呈清晰的演化脉络 ,时间跨度至少为 15 0 ka。邻近的柳江人地点和土博前洞铀系测年结果与本文一致。这些地点年代位置的大幅度前移 ,是我国晚更新世人类遗址已有年代框架被总体压缩的例证。具现代解剖特征的智人在中国出现的年代很可能比原认为的早得多  相似文献   

嫩江流域新石器时代以来的环境考古(初步)研究     

冷程程  汤卓炜  张伟  介冬梅  王江永  刘旭  鲍彤 《第四纪研究》2019,39(1):48-58

嫩江流域孕育的昂昂溪文化是新石器时代中国北方"渔猎文化"的代表文化。文章对昂昂溪文化的典型代表遗址——洪河遗址附近3 m的自然沉积物剖面进行植硅体分析、粒度分析和烧失量测定,探讨了新石器时代以来嫩江流域人类活动的环境背景及昂昂溪"渔猎文化"走向衰亡的原因。结果表明,洪河剖面植硅体主要来自于禾本科植物,并以早熟禾亚科(C3植物)为主,剖面沉积物主要由嫩江冲积砂经风力吹扬、搬运、堆积而成。嫩江流域文化的空间分布和时间演替,在受到人类活动影响的同时,也与自然环境有密切的关系。在7024~3820 cal. a B.P.期间,嫩江流域气候温暖湿润,适宜人类生存繁衍,孕育了典型的昂昂溪"渔猎文化";在4000 cal. a B.P.左右,气候呈现逐渐变冷干的趋势,同时昂昂溪文化也逐渐衰落;3820~1000 cal. a B.P.期间,气候持续冷干,导致部分居民离开昂昂溪地区沿嫩江逐渐向更加温暖的下游迁移以寻找更为适宜的栖息地,昂昂溪文化逐渐被取代;1000 cal. a B.P.以来,人类活动频繁,土地沙漠化日趋严重。  相似文献   

Age determination for a Neolithic site in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using a combined luminescence and radiocarbon dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

The archaeological Shaliuheqiaodong site, located at the junction between the estuary of Shaliu River and the northeast bedrock terrace of Qinghai Lake, is one of the earliest Neolithic Age sites in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which is critical for understanding patterns of prehistoric human inhabitation in the high plateau extreme environments. There are only two published radiocarbon ages by far for chronological control. Recently, a new section (Gangcha section) was found, with abundant charcoals and fish bones well-preserved in the matrix of aeolian sediments, providing a good opportunity for a combined study of luminescence and radiocarbon dating. In the current study, we obtained three luminescence ages on aeolian sediment, six radiocarbon ages (three on charcoals and three on fish bones). Our results showed that the luminescence ages (average of 3.2 ± 0.2 ka) are in agreement with charcoal radiocarbon ages (3165–3273 cal a BP) where applicable, and that the lake reservoir effect age of radiocarbon dating was approximately 0.3–0.7 cal ka BP and an average of 0.4 cal ka BP at ∼3.2 cal ka BP (age difference between that of charcoals and fish bones). The prehistoric residence in Qinghai Lake area seemed to be sequenced from 15 ka BP to 3.1 ka BP, based on our data and previously published data altogether. The obvious baked vestiges on the bones of fish and animals, as well as a number of artifacts, indicate that naked carps had become a food resource for prehistoric people at least since 3.2 cal ka BP.  相似文献   

Transmutation of ancient settlements and environmental changes between 6000?2000 aBP in the Chaohu Lake Basin, East China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WU Li  WANG Xinyuan  ZHOU Kunshu  MO Duowen  ZHU Cheng  GAO Chao  ZHANG Guangsheng  LI Lan  LIU Li  HAN Weiguang 《地理学报》2010,20(5):687-700

Based on the temporal-spatial distribution features of ancient settlement sites from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin of Anhui Province, East China, using the methods of GIS combined with the reconstructed paleoenvironment by the records of lake sediment since Holocene, the transmutation of ancient settlements with response to environmental changes in this area has been discussed. Studies show that the main feature of transmutation of ancient settlements from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty was that the distribution of settlements in this area changed from high altitudes to low ones and kept approaching the Chaohu Lake with the passage of time. These could be the response to the climate change from warm-moist to a relatively warm-dry condition during the middle Holocene, leading to the lake level fluctuations. The large area of exposed land provided enough space for human activities. These indicate that the above changes in geomorphologic evolution and hydrology influenced by climate conditions affected the transmutation of ancient settlements greatly. The distribution pattern of settlement sites was that the number of sites in the west was more than in the east. This pattern may be related to the geomorphologic conditions such as frequent channel shifting of the Yangtze River as well as flood disasters during the Holocene optimum. Therefore, climate change was the inducement of the transmutation of ancient settlements in the Chaohu Lake Basin, which exerted great influence on the distribution, expansion and development of the ancient settlements.  相似文献   

安徽淮河流域全新世环境演变对新石器遗址分布的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

黄润  朱诚  郑朝贵 《地理学报》2005,60(5):742-750

安徽淮河流域是我国自然条件多重过渡地带和古代文化交汇地区,新石器时代演绎了多期古文化,石山子文化时期以渔猎为主,大汶口文化时期渔猎与农耕并重,而龙山文化时期以农耕为主,渔猎为辅。利用野外考古资料和已有考古研究成果,系统地梳理本区新石器文化发展进程,利用钻孔孢粉、年代数据等恢复本区全新世自然环境演变过程,并将考古资料和环境演变研究有机地结合起来,探讨该地区全新世环境演变和古文化发展的关系。研究表明,随着全新世大暖期的开始,新石器早期出现石山子文化,地方特征明显。6.5 kaBP~ 5.5 kaBP气候暖湿,受高海面和洪涝灾害等的影响,地表环境恶劣,导致文化发展中断、考古遗址缺失,5.5 kaBP~4.0 kaBP气候趋干,自然条件有利于人类生存,大汶口、龙山文化逐渐繁荣。与中原、山东地区相比,本区在新石器文化发展阶段、遗址数量和分布变化等方面存在较明显差异。  相似文献   

全新世高温期环境变化对太湖流域新石器文化的影响   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

施少华 《湖泊科学》1993,5(2):136-143

从太湖流域新石器时代(包括马家浜、崧泽和良渚三个文化期)文化遗址的分布范围、遗址数量、生产方式和文化特征等多方面,分析了全新世高温期(8—3ka B.P.)环境变化对本地区新石器时期古文化发展的影响。结果表明,全新世高温期暖湿而且较为稳定的气候环境,有利于先民们的生活,促使了本地区新石器文化的飞跃发展,包括原始农业、家畜业的产生和发展,先民们活动范围扩大和遗址数量增加等等。但高温期中存在气候剧烈波动阶段和气候迅速变化的低温事件,以及伴随它们出现的各种严重自然灾害,严重阻碍和限制了古文化的发展,甚至是毁灭性的打击,使得文化性质发生根本的变化。  相似文献   

从古文化遗址看阳澄湖地区环境变迁与湖群形成   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

倪华  吉磊 《湖泊科学》1997,9(1):35-40

通过阳澄湖地区新石器时代古遗址的时空分布特征,遗址地层中沉积特征和动植物遗存,来阐明７－４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．湖区环境由水域面积较广的湖沼环境,向陆域面积逐渐扩大的环境转变,直至新石器末期,被较大规模水侵淹没的过程,阳澄湖及周围湖荡主要形成于宋代,在原娄江河道基础上,河道阻塞,洪水泛滥扩展而成湖。  相似文献   

河南省新石器至夏商时期城邑与一般聚落空间关系研究     

闫丽洁  鲁鹏  陈盼盼  张莉  王霞 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):568-578

以河南省新石器至夏商时期65座城邑与4095座一般聚落为研究对象,采用核密度分析法、最近邻指数法、重心分析等GIS空间分析方法,按照裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商这4个时期对城邑与聚落的密度、空间分布集聚程度以及重心位移演变关系进行了研究.分析表明:1)河南省新石器至夏商时期城邑的分布与聚落的密度关系密切,有83.08%的城邑位于聚落密度较大的地区,尤其是规模比较大的城邑几乎都分布在聚落密度较高的地方,只有少数城邑分布在聚落密度较小的地区;2)河南省仰韶时期至夏商时期城邑与聚落的集聚程度变化规律是一致的.集聚程度由高到低均为仰韶时期-夏商时期-龙山时期;3)河南省新石器至夏商时期聚落重心相对城邑重心分布在南面,聚落和城邑的重心均是在嵩山及其周边地区按逆时针方向移动,说明了河南省的文化核心区就在环嵩山地区,该地区在新石器至夏商时期文化发展中居于核心地位.河南省新石器至夏商时期城邑与一般聚落空间关系研究表明,城邑与一般聚落之间有着紧密的联系,两者空间分布格局的变化是气候及生产力发展水平双重影响下的结果.  相似文献   

Optically stimulated luminescence ages of the Hengyu site and their implications for anthropogenic activities in the Fuzhou Basin,South China     

Jianhui Jin  Yunming Huang  Yong Zhang  Zhizhong Li  Xuechun Fan  Zhiyong Ling  Fei Zheng  Yan Cheng  Xiaolin Xu  Zhixing Li  Wenjing Zhang 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):548-557

The chronologies of few Neolithic sites in the lower reaches of the Min River of China have been well investigated for the middle to late Holocene. In this study, the Hengyu Neolithic site in Fujian Province, South China, which has significant archaeological remains, was dated using blue‐stimulated optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS¹⁴C) techniques. The results, comprising nine OSL and three AMS¹⁴C ages through the Neolithic sequence, provide new evidence towards understanding the relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in the middle to late Holocene in the Fuzhou Basin and coastal areas of South China. The ages of the site deposits vary from 6.83 to 1.67 ka and can be divided into two main phases: the Keqiutou–Tanshishan culture period and the Bronze culture period. In contrast, the persistent periods of ancient human activities at the Hengyu site seem to correspond to regional sea‐level changes and the East Asian winter monsoon as a secondary factor, which can affect human activities through sea‐level impacts. The warm and high sea level conditions provided a liveable environment for the ancient humans of Fujian and even South China. The ages of two building column bases are linked to the early stage of the Han dynasty, suggesting a potentially favourable habitation environment; that is, ancient humans occupied and settled this area for the long term within this time period, which is consistent with sea‐level changes and palynology records. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献