Three-dimensional deep density model of the Pautovaya Horst and its geological interpretation (Northeast Russia)     

Yu. Ya. Vashchilov  N. K. Gaidai  O. V. Sakhno 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(4):299-313

The quantitative interpretation of gravity anomalies reveals a concealed granitoid pluton within the core of the Pautovaya Horst (southeastern extremity of the Iníyali-Debin Synclinorium, northeast Russia). Using a new interpretative gravimetry method, a 3D density model is developed for the study area with its geological-petrological explanation. The model satisfies the necessary condition that the solution of inverse gravimetry problems provides the true solution.  相似文献   

关于建立“板溪系”的建议及其基础的讨论——以黔东地区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪正江 《地质论评》2008,54(3)

作者在分析黔东新元古代早期沉积时限的基础上,结合前人关于Sturtian冰期、南华系底界、青白口系年代学的最新研究成果,指出华南新元古代裂谷盆地早期沉积(板溪群或与之相当的高涧群、芙蓉溪群、丹洲群、下江群、登山群、历口群等)时限为740～820Ma,是南华纪冰期前的非冰成沉积,是Rodinia裂解机制下的填平补齐沉积;而青白口系沉积可能是与Rodinia形成相关的板块碰撞机制下坳陷盆地沉积,南华系是与国际成冰系相对应的冰期沉积,是华南新元古代裂谷盆地的第一个盖层,因此,将板溪群、下江群等归入南华系或青白口系均不合理。由此提出了"板溪系"概念,它包括板溪群或与之相当的一套楔状地层。结合目前华南裂谷盆地开启年龄和南华纪冰期的起始年龄,板溪纪的时限暂定为850～740Ma。板溪系的提出不仅将有利于解决长期存在的南华系划分对比问题,同时也必将有利于新元古代裂谷盆地早期演化及其与Rodinia超大陆裂解、冰期形成等关系的研究和相关重大气候、环境巨变问题的探讨。  相似文献   

Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of the Lassen Volcanic Center, California: Resolving Crustal and Mantle Contributions to Continental Arc Magmatism     

Feeley  T. C.; Clynne  M. A.; Winer  G. S.; Grice  W. C. 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(5):971-997

This study reports oxygen isotope ratios determined by laserfluorination of mineral separates (mainly plagioclase) frombasaltic andesitic to rhyolitic composition volcanic rocks eruptedfrom the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC), northern California.Plagioclase separates from nearly all rocks have ¹⁸O values(6·1–8·4) higher than expected for productionof the magmas by partial melting of little evolved basalticlavas erupted in the arc front and back-arc regions of the southernmostCascades during the late Cenozoic. Most LVC magmas must thereforecontain high ¹⁸O crustal material. In this regard, the ¹⁸O valuesof the volcanic rocks show strong spatial patterns, particularlyfor young rhyodacitic rocks that best represent unmodified partialmelts of the continental crust. Rhyodacitic magmas erupted fromvents located within 3·5 km of the inferred center ofthe LVC have consistently lower ¹⁸O values (average 6·3± 0·1) at given SiO₂ contents relative to rockserupted from distal vents (>7·0 km; average 7·1± 0.1). Further, magmas erupted from vents situated attransitional distances have intermediate values and span a largerrange (average 6·8 ± 0·2). Basaltic andesiticto andesitic composition rocks show similar spatial variations,although as a group the ¹⁸O values of these rocks are more variableand extend to higher values than the rhyodacitic rocks. Thesefeatures are interpreted to reflect assimilation of heterogeneouslower continental crust by mafic magmas, followed by mixingor mingling with silicic magmas formed by partial melting ofinitially high ¹⁸O continental crust (9·0) increasinglyhybridized by lower ¹⁸O (6·0) mantle-derived basalticmagmas toward the center of the system. Mixing calculationsusing estimated endmember source ¹⁸O values imply that LVC magmascontain on a molar oxygen basis approximately 42 to 4% isotopicallyheavy continental crust, with proportions declining in a broadlyregular fashion toward the center of the LVC. Conversely, the¹⁸O values of the rhyodacitic rocks suggest that the continentalcrust in the melt generation zones beneath the LVC has beensubstantially modified by intrusion of mantle-derived basalticmagmas, with the degree of hybridization ranging on a molaroxygen basis from approximately 60% at distances up to 12 kmfrom the center of the system to 97% directly beneath the focusregion. These results demonstrate on a relatively small scalethe strong influence that intrusion of mantle-derived maficmagmas can have on modifying the composition of pre-existingcontinental crust in regions of melt production. Given thisresult, similar, but larger-scale, regional trends in magmacompositions may reflect an analogous but more extensive processwherein the continental crust becomes progressively hybridizedbeneath frontal arc localities as a result of protracted intrusionof subduction-related basaltic magmas. KEY WORDS: oxygen isotopes; phenocrysts; continental arc magmatism; Cascades; Lassen  相似文献   

南岭中段中生代构造-岩浆活动与成矿作用研究进展   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

柏道远马铁球  王先辉张晓阳 陈必河 《中国地质》2008,35(3):436-455

对南岭中段北部湘东南地区中生代构造-岩浆活动及成矿作用进行了较系统研究,主要提出以下认识。(1)中三叠世后期—中侏罗世初(早中生代)为板内造山阶段。中三叠世后期在区域NWW—SEE向挤压构造体制下发生强烈的陆内俯冲、汇聚作用,形成大量东倾为主的NNE向逆冲断裂与褶皱。其中茶陵—郴州断裂以东隆起区的隔槽式褶皱形成机制为"厚皮式"而非"薄皮式"。NW向基底隐伏断裂产生强烈左旋走滑,并使构造线产生逆时针旋转,形成了安仁"y"字型构造和水口山—香花岭南北向构造。挤压造山使地壳持续大幅增厚、深部地壳温度持续升高。中三叠世末—晚三叠世后期(233～210Ma)区域挤压应力松弛,被加热的中地壳下部岩石熔融,同时存在幔源基性岩浆底侵,从而于后碰撞环境下产生较大规模的花岗质岩浆活动。晚三叠世末—早侏罗世因同造山上隆伸展作用而形成裂陷盆地,中侏罗世初期在区域NNE向左旋汇聚走滑体制下形成逆冲断裂及山前冲断收缩盆地、NW向右旋走滑断裂等。早中生代板内造山活动的动力机制主要与板块汇聚的远程挤压效应有关。(2)中侏罗世早期—白垩纪(晚中生代)为后造山—陆内裂谷伸展阶段。中侏罗世早期—晚侏罗世(174～135Ma)因岩石圈拆沉而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动与成矿作用。岩体的被动就位机制、暗色镁铁质微粒包体的发育、Sr-Nd同位素特征、以(高钾)钙碱性岩类为主的岩石组成、构造环境的岩石地球化学判别、大规模有色金属成矿、区域构造演化背景等,指示该时期为后造山构造环境。白垩纪进入强烈的陆内伸展阶段,形成盆-岭构造和相关的离散走滑断裂,广泛发育各类岩脉,局部形成AA型花岗岩小岩体和基性火山岩。热年代学资料暗示盆-岭构造的演化先后经历了构造剥蚀和风化剥蚀-沉积两个阶段。(3)造成湘东南燕山早期花岗岩成矿能力远高于印支期花岗岩的原因,主要是区域构造环境暨构造体制差异,即燕山早期后造山伸展构造体制下岩体中矿质更易于向周围扩散并沉淀,而印支期后碰撞环境弱挤压体制下矿质则被封闭;其次是花岗岩岩石地球化学特征差异,即构造-岩浆演化历史和深部成矿流体的参与使燕山早期花岗岩具有更好的成矿岩石地球化学条件。(4)燕山早期钨锡多金属和铅锌多金属两类矿床组合的形成可能主要与岩石圈结构(厚度)和深部热扰动强度,以及相应的岩浆作用规模和岩体侵位深度等因素有关。  相似文献   

华南双桥山群和河上镇群凝灰岩中的锆石SHRIMP U—Pb年龄——对江南新元古代造山带演化的制约   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

高林志  ;杨明桂  ;丁孝忠  ;刘燕学  ;刘训  ;凌联海  ;张传恒 《中国区域地质》2008,(10):1744-1751

通过西澳科庭大学离子探针中心的远程测试,在双桥山群横涌组和安乐林组斑脱岩中获得大量锆石,其SHRIMP U—Pb加权平均年龄为831Ma±5Ma（横涌组）、829Ma＋5Ma（安乐林组）,在河上镇群上墅组中获得加权平均年龄767Ma±5Ma。锆石SHRIMP U—Pb年龄表明华南地区广为发育的双桥山群应归入新元古界,该年龄为标定双桥山群在地层柱中的位置提供了准确的年代学依据。  相似文献   

CO₂ windows from mantle to atmosphere: Models on ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and speculations on the link with melting of snowball Earth   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  

M. Santosh  S. Omori 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):82

We attempt here to correlate the melting phase of major snowball Earth events in the planet with the processes associated with extreme crustal metamorphism and formation of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulite facies rocks. While the dry mineral assemblages that characterize UHT granulites can result from different mechanisms, the direct evidence for the involvement of CO₂-rich fluids in generating diagnostic UHT assemblages has been recorded from the common occurrence of pure CO₂ fluid inclusions in several terranes. Here we evaluate the tectonic settings under which UHT rocks are generated using modern analogues and show that divergent tectonics—both post-collisional extension and rifting—play a crucial role. In an attempt to speculate the link among CO₂ liberation from the carbonated tectosphere, UHT metamorphism and major earth processes, we address some of the important issues such as: (a) how the subcontinental mantle i.e., the tectosphere, had become carbonated; (b) how and when the tectosphere degassed; and (c) what is the difference between Proterozoic orogens and those of the present day. The fate of the Earth as a habitable planet was possibly dictated by a reversal of the fundamental process of formation of oceans through the selective removal of CO₂ into mantle in the Hadean times, carbonation of the Archean mantle wedge, and subsequent decarbonation of the carbonated mantle through divergent metamorphism and water infiltration since the Late Proterozoic.The abundant CO₂ liberated by subsolidus decarbonation along consuming plate boundaries was probably one of the factors that contributed to the greenhouse effect thereby triggering the deglaciation of snowball Earth. Based on an evaluation of the distribution of carbonated subcontinental mantle in global reconstructions of the Proterozoic supercontinent assembly, and their link with crustal domains that have undergone CO₂-aided dry metamorphism at extreme conditions, we speculate that the UHT rocks might represent windows for the transfer of CO₂ from the mantle into the mid crust and ultimately to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Internal structures and U–Pb ages of zircons from a tuff layer in the Meishucunian formation, Yunnan Province, South China     

Yusuke Sawaki  Manabu Nishizawa  Takeshi Suo  Tsuyoshi Komiya  Takafumi Hirata  Naoto Takahata  Yuji Sano  Jian Han  Yoshiaki Kon  Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):148

The Precambrian/Cambrian (PC/C) boundary is one of the most important intervals for the evolution of life, represented by prominent biological evolution from the first appearance of soft-bodied animals from the late Neoproterozoic to the sudden diversification of animals with mineralized skeletons in the Cambrian. In South China several areas contain many fossils and are well exposed, suitable for the investigation of PC/C boundary. However, geochronological relationships are still poorly known because of lack of combined detailed investigations of internal structures of zircons and in-situ U–Pb dating.We focus on the internal structure of zircons from a tuff layer within Bed 5 in the Meishucun section on which we undertook cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and in-situ U–Pb dating with LA-ICP-MS and nano-SIMS. Over 600 zircons from the tuff layer were classified into three types based on their CL images: oscillatory rims, inherited cores and dull structures. U–Pb dating of the internal structure of the zircons by LA-ICP-MS clearly shows a distinct unimodal age population dependent on the structure: 531 ± 17 Ma for the oscillatory rims and 515 Ma for the dull structures. The clear oscillatory zonation, the prismatic morphology, and their occurrence indicate that the oscillatory rims were formed from felsic magmatism, and that the U–Pb nano-SIMS age of 536.5 ± 2.5 Ma records the depositional age of the tuff. Our results indicate that the PC/C boundary is situated below Bed 5, and therefore the bottom of Zone 1 (Marker A) is more appropriate for the PC/C boundary than is the top of Zone 1 (Marker B). The age of a positive anomaly (P2) in the early Cambrian is estimated to be ca. 536 Ma.  相似文献   

Isotope stratigraphy of Neoproterozoic cap carbonates in the Araras Group, Brazil     

Carlos J.S. de Alvarenga  Marcel A. Dardenne  Roberto V. Santos  Emanuele R. Brod  Simone M.C.L. Gioia  Alcides N. Sial  Elton L. Dantas  Valderez P. Ferreira 《Gondwana Research》2008,13(4):469-479

The Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence on the southeastern border of the Amazon Craton is divided into three lithostratigraphic units: a basal cap dolomite, an intermediate limestone, limestone-mudstone unit, and an upper dolarenite-dolorudite unit. Sections of the cap-carbonate were measured from the inner shelf to the outer shelf. Carbon isotope ratios (relative to PDB) vary between − 10.5 and − 1.7‰ in cap dolomite, and between − 5.4 and + 0.1‰ in laminated limestone and mud-limestone. Limestones and mud-limestones exhibit ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.70740 to 0.70780. A comparative isotope stratigraphy between the inner-shelf and the middle-shelf basin shows differences in carbon isotope ratios: The cap dolomite and limestones have lower δ¹³C ratios on the border of the basin (inner shelf) than in the middle shelf of the basin. These lower values can be related to shallower environmental conditions and to a stronger influence of the continental border. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are the same in both areas, and are consistent with seawater composition at around 600 Ma.  相似文献   

内蒙古阿拉善北部地区碰撞期和后造山期岩浆作用   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

王廷印  吴家弘 《地质学报》1998,72(2):126-137

本文重点研究内蒙古阿拉善北部地区塔里木板块与华北板块碰撞期及后造山期的岩浆作用。发生于２５１．３Ｍａ左右的热事件是碰撞期Ｃｓ型岩浆作用,仅分布于缝合线之北,其产物不是典型的Ｓ型花岗岩。岩体中片麻理构造及围岩中的透入性劈理是同碰撞期造山作用的构造形迹。发生于２２８Ｍａ左右的热事件是后造山期Ａ型岩作用,源岩是地下壳物质,按源岩差异研究的Ａ型花岗岩分为Ａｓ型和Ａｉ型。前者受陆壳中沉积物混染较强,而后者受  相似文献   

Origin and significance of the Permian high-K calc-alkaline magmatism in the central-eastern Southern Alps, Italy   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

A. Rottura  G. M. Bargossi  A. Caggianelli  A. Del Moro  D. Vison  C. A. Tranne 《Lithos》1998,45(1-4):329-348

The Atesina Volcanic District, the Monte Luco volcanics, and the Cima d'Asta, Bressanone-Chiusa, Ivigna, Monte Croce and Monte Sabion intrusions, in the central-eastern Southern Alps, form a wide calc-alkaline association of Permian age (ca. 280–260 Ma). The magmatism originated during a period of post-orogenic extensional/transtensional faulting which controlled the magma ascent and emplacement. The magmatic products are represented by a continuum spectrum of rock types ranging from basaltic andesites to rhyolites, and from gabbros to monzogranites, with preponderance of the acidic terms. They constitute a metaluminous to weakly peraluminous series showing mineralogical, petrographic and chemical characteristics distinctive of the high-K calc-alkaline suites. In the MORB-normalized trace element diagrams, the most primitive volcanic and plutonic rocks (basaltic andesites and gabbros with Mg No.=66 to 70; Ni=25 to 83 ppm; Cr=248 to 679 ppm) show LILE and LREE enriched patterns with troughs at Nb–Ta and Ti, a distinctive feature of subduction-related magmas. Field, petrographic, geochemical and isotopic evidence (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0.7057 to 0.7114; ε_Nd values from −2.7 to −7.4; ∂¹⁸O values between 7.6 and 9.5‰) support a hybrid nature for both volcanic and plutonic rocks, originating through complex interactions between mantle-derived magmas and crustal materials. Only the scanty andalusite–cordierite and orthopyroxene–cordierite bearing peraluminous granites in the Cima d'Asta and Bressanone-Chiusa intrusive complexes can be interpreted as purely crustal melts (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7143–0.7167; initial ε_Nd values between −7.9 and −9.6, close to average composition of the granulitic metasedimentary crust from the Ivrea Zone in the western Southern Alps). Although the Permian magmatism shows geochemical characteristics similar to those of arc-related suites, palaeogeographic restorations, and geological and tectonic evidence, seem not to support any spatial and/or temporal connection with subduction processes. The magmatism is post-collisional and post-orogenic, and originated in a regime of lithospheric extension and attenuation affecting the whole domain of the European Hercynian belt. A change in the convergence direction between Gondwana and Laurasia, combined with the effects of gravitational collapse of the Hercynian chain, could have been the driving mechanism for lithosphere extension and thinning, as well as for upwelling of hot asthenosphere that caused thermal perturbation and magma generation. In the above context, the calc-alkaline affinity and the orogenic-like signature of the Permian magmatism might result from extensive contamination of basaltic magmas, likely derived from enriched lithospheric mantle source(s), with felsic crustal melts.  相似文献