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91.
The Guadalupe Valley aquifer is the only water source for one of the most important wine industries in Mexico, and also the main public water supply for the nearby city of Ensenada. This groundwater is monitored for major ion, N-NO3, P-PO4, Fe, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Sb concentrations, as well as TDS, pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature. High concentrations of N-NO3 (26 mg l−1), Se (70 μg l−1), Mo (18 μg l−1) and Cu (4.3 μg l−1) suggest that groundwater is being polluted by the use of fertilizers only in the western section of the aquifer, known as El Porvenir graben. Unlike the sites located near the main recharge area to the East of the aquifer, the water in El Porvenir graben has low tritium concentrations (<1.9 TU), indicating a pre-modern age, and thus longer water residence time. No significant variations in water quality (generally <10%) were detected throughout 2001–2002 in the aquifer, suggesting that reduced rainfall and recharge during this dry period did not significantly affect water quality. However, the wells nearest to the main recharge area in the Eastern aquifer show a slight but constant increase in TDS with time, probably as a result of the high (∼200 L S−1) uninterrupted extraction of water at this specific recharge site. Relatively high As concentrations for the aquifer (10.5 μg l−1) are only found near the northern limit of the basin associated with a geological fault.  相似文献   
92.
王冬 《地下水》2006,28(4):56-57,107
本文通过调查鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地北部潜水水质,分析了工作区内硝酸盐污染的分布特征.通过对含水层岩性和人类活动两个方面对硝酸盐污染影响的讨论,从改善居民生活用水的角度提出了防治和控制污染的对策措施.  相似文献   
93.
Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta,China   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta, China is an important issue related not only to nitrate dispersion and health concerns but also to mass transport and interactions of groundwater, sea, and river waters in the coastal area. The spatial distribution of nitrate, nitrate sources, and nitrogen transformation processes were investigated by field surveys and geochemical methods. Nitrate occurred mainly in shallow layers and had a spatial distribution coinciding with geomorphology and land/water use. Irrigation water from the Yellow River and anthropogenic waste are two main nitrogen sources of nitrate in the delta, and both denitrification and mixing processes could take place according to characteristics identified by ionic and isotopic data.  相似文献   
94.
Subterranean estuaries are highly dynamic in processing dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Here we investigate DIN turnover in surface sediments (0–20 cm depth) at the higher, medium and lower intertidal of a seepage face, i.e., the outer “mouth” of the subterranean estuary, during four consecutive seasons in Sanggou Bay, China. Throughout the studied period, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrite (NO2?) concentrations in the sampled porewaters did not vary significantly with depth or season. In contrast, peaks in porewater nitrate (NO3?) concentration and decreases in δ15N-NO3? and δ18O-NO3? were observed in the 15–20 cm depth (bottom) sediment, particularly during summer and autumn. Coupled with NO3? production, the sediment total nitrogen was also markedly peaking in the bottom layer of the studied seepage face. Together with abundant heterotrophic microbes in the sediment, this NO3? accumulation was linked to a reaction chain including organic matter decomposition, ammonification and nitrification. During winter, porewater enrichment in total nitrogen occurred closer to the surface of the seepage face but triggered also active NO3? production. This pattern reinforced the importance of pelagic organic matter supply on NO3? production. In the shallower depths of the seepage face (<12 cm), active net NO3? removal occurred except in winter. The isotopic fractionation (δ15N-NO3? and δ18O-NO3?) and metagenomic results revealed denitrification as the main pathway for NO3? reduction. Biological assimilation from benthic primary producers may also consume a fraction of NO3? at the sediment water interface. Both NO3? production and removal significantly varied in magnitude with season (?13.6 to 6.2 nmol cm?3 h?1). Substrate supply was the key driver for nitrate cycling, as evidenced by the high NO3? production rate in spring by comparison to autumn. The highest NO3? turnover rates were found in summer, suggesting the combined influence of advection rates and sediment microbiota composition. In spite of active removal (peak NO3? removal capability: 61%), a significant amount of NO3? was still transported from the seepage face into the bay waters. The magnitude of NO3? fluxes ranged from 312 to 476 kg N d?1, accounting for approximately 15% of the total exogenous NO3? loading into the bay. NO3? isotopic fingerprint revealed chemical fertilizer as the main source of terrestrial NO3? in SGD, highlighting the importance of land use to coastal system nitrogen budgets.  相似文献   
95.
Questions concerning the influence of soil type and crop cover on the fate and transport of nitrate (NO3) were examined. During a growing season, soils derived from glacial material underlying either corn or soybeans were sampled for levels of NO3 within the pore water. Measured levels of NO3 ranged from below detection limit to 14.9 g NO3 per kilogram of soil (g/kg). In fields with the same crop cover, the silty-clayey soil exhibited a greater decrease in NO3 levels with depth than the sandier soil. Crop uptake of NO3 occurs within the root zone; however, the type of crop cover did not have a direct impact on the fate or transport during the growing season. The soils underlying soybeans had an increase in NO3 levels following harvest, suggesting that the decomposition of the soybean roots contributed to the net gain of NO3 in the shallow soil. For all of the soil types, conditions below 100 cm are conducive for microbial denitrification, with both a high water saturation level (>60%) and moderate organic carbon content (1–2%). At depths below 100 cm, temporal differences in NO3 levels of over a magnitude, up to a 95% reduction, were recorded in the soil units as the growing season progressed. Physical properties that control the transport of NO3 or denitrification have a larger influence on NO3 levels than crop type.
Eric W. PetersonEmail:
  相似文献   
96.
Saylorville Reservoir is a 24.1 km2 impoundment of the Des Moines River located approximately 10 km north of the City of Des Moines, Iowa, USA. Surface water from the Des Moines River used for drinking water supply is impaired for nitrate–nitrogen. Monthly mean nitrate concentration data collected upstream and downstream of the reservoir for a 30-year period (1977–2006) were selected for time-series analysis. Our objectives were to (1) develop a model describing nitrate concentrations downstream of the reservoir as a function of the concentrations entering the reservoir and (2) use the model to provide a 1-month ahead forecast for downstream water quality. Results indicated that downstream nitrate can be effectively modeled using a transfer function approach that utilized inflow concentrations during the current and previous month as input variables. Inflow concentrations were modeled using an AR(20) model, with the higher order model consistent with temporal correlation noted by others. The transfer function model suggested that the reservoir is reducing nitrate concentrations by 22 ± 6%, a reduction that greatly exceeds previous estimates. Monthly nitrate forecasted with the model were nearly all within a 95% prediction interval of their actual measured values and did not appear greatly affected by flow variations.  相似文献   
97.
This study considers the surface water concentrations of nitrate in areas designated as nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZs) for between 12 and 15 years. The study proposes a range of tests of the effectiveness of nitrate management within the NVZs and in particular the results from within NVZs were compared to a range of controls. The tests show that:
(i) Sixty-nine percent of NVZs showed no significant improvement in surface water concentrations even after 15 years.
(ii) In comparison to a control catchment 29% of NVZs showed a significant improvement but 31% showed a significant worsening.
(iii) The average improvement relative to a control due to NVZ designation was 0.02 ± 0.08 mg N/l/yr.
(iv) Differences between NVZs could not be significantly related to the size of the NVZ, uptake of the scheme, extent of uptake, land use change or geology of the local aquifer.
(v) Land use data suggest that NVZ designation buffered the designated areas against wider changes in arable farming in England and helped maintain a higher proportion of arable within the areas than would be expected.
The lack of objective success for NVZ designation suggests that nitrate pollution control strategies based on input management need to be rethought.  相似文献   
98.
崔玉环  王杰  郝泷  董斌  高祥 《湖泊科学》2021,33(2):474-482
考虑流域地理特征的空间分异,以升金湖流域人口/农业集约区大渡口(DDK)与森林子流域唐田河(TTH)为研究区,利用贝叶斯同位素混合模型分别解析这2个子流域硝酸盐来源的贡献率,并分析其不确定性. 研究表明:(1)地下水中,DDK?TTH硝酸盐均主要来源于粪便/污水,贡献率可达65%以上,粪便/污水通过土壤下渗导致地下水硝...  相似文献   
99.
The study of temporal and spatial variations of nitrate in groundwater under different soil nitrogen environments is helpful to the security of groundwater resources in agricultural areas. In this paper,based on 320 groups of soil and groundwater samples collected at the same time, geostatistical analysis and multiple regression analysis were comprehensively used to conduct the evaluation of nitrogen contents in both groundwater and soil. From May to August, as the nitrification of groundwater i...  相似文献   
100.
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