Segmentation and volcano-tectonic characteristics along the SW African continental margin,South Atlantic,as derived from multichannel seismic and potential field data     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Regional seismic reflection and potential field data document the South Atlantic's break-up history, between 39°S and 19°S, from the Early Cretaceous onwards. Previous maps of distribution of volcanics along the margin showed volcanics along the whole African margin based on extrapolation of data. Based on previously unpublished marine geophysical data, we found the southernmost 460 km long margin segment to be lacking huge volumes of break-up related volcanic effusives. Northwards, break-up was accompanied by the emplacement of huge volumes of volcanic material, prominently featured in seismic sections as huge wedge-shaped seaward dipping reflectors (SDRs). Detailed mapping of offsets (left- and right-stepping) and variations in structural character of the volcanics reveal the segmentation along and the break-up history of the margin. Several superimposed SDR sequences, suggesting episodicity of volcanic emplacement (divided by periods of erosion and sedimentation), are distinct along southerly lines, losing prominence northwards.A main outcome of our study is that this passive margin is not continuously of the volcanic type and that the change from a non-volcanic to a volcanic margin occurs abruptly.We define four distinct First-order Segments along the 2400 km section of the southwestern African margin covered by our seismic data. From south to north these First-order Segments are: Magma-poor Segment I; Segment II with enormous SDRs volumes; decreasing SDRs volumes in Segment III; Segment IV again with enormous volcanic output, likely influenced by Walvis Ridge volcanism.Most important is that there is no systematic increase in the volumes of the effusives towards the Tristan da Cunha hot-spot. Rather there is an alternating pattern in the SDRs' volumes and widths.The boundary between the volcanic and magma-poor margin segments in the southernmost study area is sharp (10s of km), which we propose is reflected in magnetic anomaly data as well. We suggest that this variability along the margin is mainly due to a change in stretching/rifting character from oblique during the early stages of breakup to conventional seafloor spreading from Chron M4 (∼130 Ma) onwards.  相似文献   

辽宁初夏降水大尺度环流影响因子及2012年初夏异常多雨成因分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李辑  房一禾  李菲  胡春丽 《气象》2014,40(9):1114-1122

利用辽宁省50站1961—2012年夏季逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对辽宁初夏降水异常的大尺度环流特征进行了诊断分析。在此基础上对引起2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的大尺度环流进行了研究。研究发现:东亚地区对流层不同高度上大尺度环流系统相互配合是造成辽宁初夏降水异常的主要原因。2012年辽宁初夏的4次主要降水过程对应的环流形势基本相同,200 hPa高空急流在东北以西上空出现气旋式分支现象;500 hPa上亚洲中纬地区受两槽两脊控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应明显的位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场和整层水汽通量场上,东北地区上空均为气旋式环流;多雨年200 hPa高空急流出现分支现象,副热带西风急流强度偏强;500 hPa亚洲中纬地区受两脊一槽控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场在东北地区上空表现为气旋式环流。这表明东北地区上空对流层从低到高,都受一个深厚的低值系统控制;各层环流情况均表明:东北冷涡这一深厚的冷性涡旋系统是2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

旋转经验正交函数分解回归方法在东北夏季气温季节预测和成因诊断中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩荣青  高辉  李维京 《气象学报》2014,72(2):291-305

利用中国东北4省/区73个地面气象观测站1971—2011年6—8月月平均气温,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析1971—2011年月平均高度和NOAA月平均海表温度（SST）资料,基于主成分回归（PCR）预测方法的思想,用同年1—5月北半球大气环流和全球SST场建立了东北地区夏季气温的统计预测模型,该建模方法是主成分回归方法的变形,计算方法较为简易,对气温等级的季节预测有较好的预报效果;并用其计算过程做了前期气候成因诊断。考虑到旋转经验正交函数分解样本误差较小、空间模态结构清晰,但特征向量的时间系数在不同时段有所变化的特点,故使用旋转经验正交函数分解整个时段的东北夏季气温场,然后基于旋转经验正交函数分解结果,进行前期影响因子甄别,最后建立多元线性逐步回归预测模型,建模期为前30年,独立样本预报期为后11年。30 a逐年交叉回报检验和11 a独立样本预测效果都显示该模型具有较高的预报技巧,尤其对气温等级的预测具有参考价值。用预测模型的中间过程诊断了东北夏季各月某一类典型气温异常的前期成因：5月北极涛动和北大西洋涛动（AO/NAO）、北太平洋涛动（NPO）以及副热带纬向一致异常型（SZ）等大气大尺度低频波动对6月吉林和辽宁省气温异常有显著影响;3月北极涛动和北大西洋涛动、东太平洋涛动（EP）及欧亚遥相关型波列对7月内蒙古东北部气温异常有显著影响;5月在北半球中高纬度大尺度低频波列不显著的情况下,SZ型低频波列对8月内蒙古东北部部分地区和黑龙江中、西部等地气温异常有显著影响;前期海温呈厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）型、同时北大西洋海温三极子为正（负）位相,一般与导致东北6月和7月偏冷（暖）的大气环流型相匹配;春末热带印度洋全区海表温度一致异常模态（IOBM）正（负）位相与导致东北8月偏暖（冷）的大气环流型相匹配。  相似文献   

The interannual variation in monthly temperature over Northeast China during summer   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

CHEN Wei  LU Riyu 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):515-524

The interannual variations of summer surface air temperature over Northeast China （NEC） were investigated through a month-to-month analysis from May to August. The results suggested that the warmer temperature over NEC is related to a local positive 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly for all four months. However, the teleconnection patterns of atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the monthly surface air temperature over NEC behave as a distinguished subseasonal variation, although the local positive height anomaly is common from month to month. In May and June, the teleconnection pattern is characterized by a wave train in the upper and middle troposphere from the Indian Peninsula to NEC. This wave train is stronger in June than in May, possibly due to the positive feedback between the wave train and the South Asian rainfall anomaly in June, when the South Asian summer monsoon has been established. In July and August, however, the teleconnection pattern associated with the NEC temperature anomalies is characterized by an East Asia/Pacific （EAP） or Pacific/Japan （PJ） pattern, with the existence of precipitation anomalies over the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. This pattern is much clearer in July corresponding to the stronger convection over the Philippine Sea compared to that in August.  相似文献   

Numerical experiments on the impact of spring north pacific SSTA on NPO and unusually cool summers in Northeast China     

LIAN Yi  ZHAO Bin  SHEN Baizhu  LI Shangfeng  LIU Gang 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1305-1315

A set of numerical experiments designed to analyze the oceanic forcing in spring show that the combined forcing of cold （warm） El Ni（n）o （La Ni（n）a） phases in the Ni（n）o4 region and sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTA） in the westerly drifts region would result in abnormally enhanced NorthEast Cold Vortex （NECV） activities in early summer.In spring,the central equatorial Pacific El Ni（n）o phase and westerly drift SSTA forcing would lead to the retreat of non-adiabatic waves,inducing elliptic low-frequency anomalies of tropical air flows.This would enhance the anomalous cyclone-anticyclonecyclone-anticyclone low-frequency wave train that propagates from the tropics to the extratropics and further to the mid-high latitudes,constituting a major physical mechanism that contributes to the early summer circulation anomalies in the subtropics and in the North Pacific mid-high latitudes.The central equatorial Pacific La Ni（n）a forcing in the spring would,on the one hand,induce teleconnection anomalies of high pressure from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan in early summer,and on the other hand indirectly trigger a positive low-frequency East Asia-Pacific teleconnection （EAP） wave train in the lower troposphere.  相似文献   

Scenario Analysis on the Adaptation of Different Maize Varieties to Future Climate Change in Northeast China          下载免费PDF全文

XU Yanhong  GUO Jianping  ZHAO Junfang  MU Jia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):469-480

Based on gridded meteorological data for the period 1981–2100 from the RegCM3 regional model, the changing trends of climatic resources in Northeast China are analyzed, and the distributions of maize varieties are accordingly adjusted. In order to explore the effects of different adaptation countermeasures on climatic productivity and meteorological suitability in the future, maize cultivars with resistance to high temperatures and/or drought are selected. The results show that, in the future, there is likely to be a significant increase in thermal resources, and potential atmospheric evaporation will increase correspondingly.Meanwhile, radiation is predicted to increase significantly during 2041–2070 in the growing season. However, changes in precipitation are unlikely to be sufficient enough to offset the intensification in atmospheric evaporation caused by the temperature increase. Water resources and high temperatures are found to be the two major factors constraining grain yield. The results also show that the warming climate will be favorable for maize production where thermal resources are already limited, such as in central and northern Heilongjiang Province and eastern Jilin Province; while in areas that are already relatively warm, such as Liaoning Province, climatic productivity will be reduced. The climatic productivity and the meteorological suitability of maize are found to improve when the planting of resistant varieties is modeled. The utilization of agricultural climatic resources through the adaptation countermeasures of maize varieties is to increase obviously with time. Specifically, maize with drought-resistant properties will have a marked influence on meteorological suitability during 2011–2070, with suitable areas expanding. During 2071–2100, those maize varieties with their upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 2℃, or water requirement reduced to 94%, or upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 1℃ and water requirement reduced to 98%, all exhibit significant differences in climatic potential productivity, compared to the present-day varieties. The meteorological suitability of maize is predicted to increase in some parts of Heilongjiang Provine, with the eastern boundary of the "unavailable" area shifting westward.  相似文献   

1961-2010 年东北地区降水事件时空均匀性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李邦东  ;赵中军  ;舒黎忠  ;王式功  ;尚可政 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(3):52-58

利用1961-2010年东北三省和内蒙古四盟90个气象站逐日降水资料,分析了中国东北地区降水事件的气候特征及时空分布均匀性变化。结果表明：近50 a来,东北地区年降水量略有减少,但冬、春季降水量显著增加;考虑降水日数,冬、春季降水量增加主要是由于降水强度的增加,夏、秋季降水量减少主要是由于降水频次的减少。气候变暖的大背景下,虽然年降水量线性变化趋势并不明显,但是降水量年际间分布不均匀性增加,降水有向极端化发展的趋势,夏、秋季表现更为明显,各等级降水事件尤其是降雪在近20 a时间分布明显不均匀。降水量空间均匀性在1993年发生转折突变,突变后空间不均匀性增加,降水日数空间均匀性在1986年发生变率突变,突变后振荡加剧。降水事件时空不均匀性的增加一定程度上造成了东北地区旱涝事件发生可能性增加,不同地域旱涝事件同发现象加剧。  相似文献   

一次东北冷涡暴雨数值模拟及动力诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任丽  杨艳敏  金磊  韩冰  关铭 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(4):19-25

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和卫星云图产品,对2009年6月18-19日黑龙江省西南部地区的一次东北冷涡暴雨过程进行诊断分析,并利用WRF中尺度模式对暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析产生暴雨的天气尺度和中尺度特征。结果表明：此次暴雨是由东北冷涡前部的暖湿切变造成的,鄂霍次克海阻塞高压阻挡使冷涡移动缓慢,使冷涡系统影响时间长,降水量增大。暖湿空气在切变处强烈辐合上升,为暴雨产生提供了动力条件;低空偏南急流为暴雨提供充沛的水汽条件,同时低层增温增湿使大气层结不稳定。低层强辐合区与高层强辐散区重叠,易产生强烈的上升运动,有利于深对流的发展和中尺度系统的生成及维持。暴雨是由暖锋云带中多个对流云团的发展移动造成的,地面中尺度切变线为暴雨云团的发展和维持提供了有利条件。数值模拟结果显示此次暴雨是由两次中尺度切变线先后在同一区域的发展和移动造成的;切变线上存在与暴雨关系密切的中尺度垂直环流。  相似文献   

全球治理中的非洲土地制度改革     

刘丽  陈丽萍 《国土资源情报》2014,(11):30-36

土地治理在经济社会发展中处于重要地位,最近几年来,世界银行、联合国粮农组织和欧盟不断加大对非洲土地制度改革的影响力度和援助力度。非洲土地制度改革背后,是多种因素错综交织的结果。联合国粮农组织提出的土地管理制度改革框架阐述了一些土地管理中的基础原则,如土地管理中需要公共福利优先,权属管理和有监管的空间规划是两大重要基础,必须要实行资源综合管理等,对于我国当前的土地管理制度改革亦有启发借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Malaria incidence in Nairobi,Kenya and dekadal trends in NDVI and climatic variables     

D. R. Fastring 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):207-221

The primary objective of this research was to determine if the remotely-sensed metric, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ground-collected dekadal climatological variables were useful predictors of future malaria outbreaks in an epidemic-prone area of Nairobi, Kenya. Data collected consisted of 36 dekadal (10-day) periods for the variables rainfall, temperature and NDVI along with yearly documented malaria admissions in 2003 for Nairobi, Kenya. Linear regression models were built for malaria cases reported in Nairobi, Kenya, as the dependent variable and various time-based groupings of temperature, rainfall and NDVI data from the dekads in both the current and the previous month as the independent variables. Data from 2003 show that malaria incidence in any given month is best predicted (R²  = 0.881, p < 0.001) by the average NDVI for the 30 days including the final two dekads of the previous month and first dekad of the current month, and by the average rainfall for the 30 days including the three dekads of rainfall data from the prior month. Forecasting an outbreak in an epidemic zone would allow public health entities to plan for and disseminate resources to the general public such as antimalarials and insecticide impregnated bed nets. In addition, vector control measures could be implemented to slow the rate of transmission in the impacted population.  相似文献