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991.
Nassima Atmaoui Nina Kukowski Bernhard Stöckhert Diethard König 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):225-238
Typical pull-apart structures were created in scaled clay experiments with a pure strike-slip geometry (Riedel type experiments). A clay slab represents the sedimentary cover above a strike-slip fault in the rigid basement. At an early stage of the development of the deformation zone, synthetic shear fractures (Riedel shears) within the clay slab display dilatational behaviour. With increasing basal displacement the Riedel shears rotate and open further, developing into long, narrow and deep troughs. The shear displacement and the low angle with the prescribed principal basal fault set them apart from tension gashes. At a more evolved stage, synthetic segments (Y-shears) parallel to the basal principal fault develop and accommodate progressive strike-slip deformation. The Y-shears connect the tips of adjacent troughs developed from the earlier Riedel shears, resulting in the typical rhomb-shaped structures characteristic for pull-apart basins. The Strait of Sicily rift zone, with major strike-slip systems being active from the Miocene to the Present, comprises pull-apart basins at different length scales, for which the structural record suggests development by a mechanism similar to that observed in our experiments. 相似文献
992.
Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Data in the Context of Vulnerability of Buildings 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
High-resolution space-borne remote sensing data are investigated for their potential to extract relevant parameters for a
vulnerability analysis of buildings in European countries. For an evaluation of large earthquake scenarios, the number of
parameters in models for vulnerability is reduced to a minimum of relevant information such as the type of building (age,
material, number of storeys) and the geological and spatial context. Building-related parameters can be derived from remote
sensing data either directly (e.g. height) or indirectly based on the recognition of the urban structure type in which the
buildings are located. With the potential of a fully- or semi-automatic inventory of the buildings and their parameters, high-resolution
satellite data and techniques for their processing are a useful supporting tool for the assessment of vulnerability. 相似文献
993.
The computation of electromagnetic (EM) fields, for 1-D layered earth model, requires evaluation of Hankel Transform (HT)
of the EM kernel function. The digital filtering is the most widely used technique to evaluate HT integrals. However, it has
some obvious shortcomings. We present an alternative scheme, based on an orthonormal exponential approximation of the kernel
function, for evaluating HT integrals. This approximation of the kernel function was chosen because the analytical solution
of HT of an exponential function is readily available in literature. This expansion reduces the integral to a simple algebraic
sum. The implementation of such a scheme requires that the weights and the exponents of the exponential function be estimated.
The exponents were estimated through a guided search algorithm while the weights were obtained using Marquardt matrix inversion
method. The algorithm was tested on analytical HT pairs available in literature. The results are compared with those obtained
using the digital filtering technique with Anderson filters. The field curves for four types (A-, K-, H-and Q-type) of 3-layer
earth models are generated using the present scheme and compared with the corresponding curves obtained using the Anderson
sc heme. It is concluded that the present scheme is more accurate than the Anderson scheme 相似文献
994.
The authors identify and describe the following global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate: (1) solar radiation as a dominant external energy supplier to the Earth, (2) outgassing as a major supplier of gases to the World Ocean and the atmosphere, and, possibly, (3) microbial activities generating and consuming atmospheric gases at the interface of lithosphere and atmosphere. The writers provide quantitative estimates of the scope and extent of their corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. Quantitative comparison of the scope and extent of the forces of nature and anthropogenic influences on the Earth’s climate is especially important at the time of broad-scale public debates on current global warming. The writers show that the human-induced climatic changes are negligible. 相似文献
995.
Palestinian suicide terrorism has been a key feature in the latest phase of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. During the past decade, and particularly since September 2000, there has been a substantial increase in the use of this type of warfare. Recent studies suggest that, contrary to common belief, suicide terrorism is highly rational and driven by strategic considerations. This article explores the rationality of Palestinian suicide terrorism from a geographical perspective. It is argued that suicide terrorism works along two parallel paths: rationality and randomness. It complies with geographical fundamentals, and target selection is highly rational, subject to spatial considerations such as distance, agglomeration, and accessibility. As the permeability to Israel became more difficult, suicide bombers and their organizers had to adopt more flexible practices which emphasized other spatial considerations. Timing is of importance both for strategic and tactical reasoning. Obstructing negotiations and peace talks has been a salient objective, but the exact timing of suicide bombings has been influenced by tactical considerations, which aim at maximizing casualties. 相似文献
996.
粤北地区产铀岩体的铀矿化特征及其成矿机制探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
粤北地区是中国花岗岩型铀矿最为重要的大型矿聚集区,其主要的产铀花岗岩体是诸广山岩体和贵东岩体,均为多期多阶段的复式岩体,主要以印支期和燕山期的花岗岩为主。粤北地区的铀矿床主要由诸广山的长江铀矿田、澜河铀矿田、鹿井铀矿田和贵东岩体的下庄铀矿田组成,根据铀的成矿特征可分为硅化带型、交点型和碱交代型。粤北地区的铀成矿流体主要来自于地幔,而不是以往认为的花岗岩浆期后热液,铀源主要是粤北产铀岩体的印支期花岗岩。因此在华南开展新一轮铀矿找矿时,跳出以往“沿带找矿”的老思路,聚焦于印支期岩浆作用与铀矿床的关系,并重点关注华南地区可能的地幔柱或热点区域。 相似文献
997.
不同岩性火山岩力学性质实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄沙坨地区位于辽河断陷盆地东部凹陷中段,古近纪沙河街组第三段沉积时期发育了巨厚的火山岩,为该区形成火山岩油气藏奠定了成藏条件。由于油层岩石的力学性质,影响着油田生产,因此,经过实验室对不同岩性的火山岩力学性质的试验测试,得到油田生产所需的相关的力学参数及相关的地质信息,为油田勘探、开发及相关的工程设计发挥重要作用。试验结果表明,粗面岩以张性破裂为主,玄武岩以剪切破裂为主。这对油田研究水力压裂裂缝形态及储层天然裂缝形态提供了重要的地质依据。软化系数的较大波动,表现出地下流体对油层岩石的环境作用。 相似文献
998.
999.
杨庄截潜工程趾板段建基面以下为弱风化白云岩和含燧石条带白云岩,透水性较强,造成库水漏失严重.为解决建基面以下基岩渗漏问题,采用趾板段帷幕灌浆封堵基岩裂隙而形成防渗帷幕,以减少库水漏失.通过趾板段帷幕灌浆达到封堵基岩裂隙的目的,满足工程设计的防渗要求. 相似文献
1000.