应用GPS数据与重力数据确定大地水准面     

于小平  张廷玉  刘财  陈增宝  许惠平  庞贺民 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(5)

作为GPS/重力边值问题理论及方法的应用,在对GPS/重力方法确定(似)大地水准面的原理进行简要介绍与分析的基础上,利用收集到的N区的600个GPS/重力数据和48个高精度GPS水准数据,计算出该区域的(似)大地水准面。通过拟合法和系统差直接改正法进行的精度分析表明,应用GPS/重力数据结合水准方法确定的该地区(似)大地水准面的精度达到厘米级精度。  相似文献   

CSU－RAMS模式在区域气侯模拟中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万齐林  施永年 《热带气象学报》1996,(2)

将ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ（中尺度）数值模式改造成“区域气候数值模式”以及进行区域气候数值模拟的试验研究。说明将有限区域中尺度数值模式与ＧＣＭ模式嵌套应用到区域气候数值模拟研究上能够取得有意义的结果。它能在一定程度上改善ＧＣＭ模式的不足。可以更为细致地描述大气环流的变化特征,是了解区域气候变化的有效方法之一。  相似文献   

地下水非稳定流的LTFAM算法     

王文科  李俊亭 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(4)

渗流域内应用拉普拉斯变换(LT)建立相应的有限分析(FAM)方程,顾及渗流域内地下水流的初始条件和边界条件,可在LT空间构成一个封闭的以水头像函数为变量的线性方程组。将此方程组所得的解,通过Stehfest数值反演公式,可归化为时间域的解(水头)。由于时间t被隐含在数值方程内,从而克服了传统数值法按时段(△t)逐步迭代的缺陷,提高了计算效率,也为用嵌入法建立地下水流管理模型提供了一条捷径。  相似文献   

含煤层地质环境下地震波场的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

潘冬明  杨顶辉 《地球物理学进展》1997,12(1):74-83

本文对含低速煤层地质环境下弹性波场多波多分量地震资料进行了二维数值模拟研究,对人工边界反射进行了有效处理,频散效应得到了有效的压制,对几种不同激发与观测排列方式下的弹性波资料进行了模型计算与分析。  相似文献   

土壤颜色——一个可靠的气候变化代用指标   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈一萌  陈兴盛  宫辉力  魏明建  李小娟 《干旱区地理》2006,29(3):309-313

将研究剖面自上而下以2cm间隔采取的样品,烘干并研磨至小于45μm,此时,土壤的颜色将不再发生变化。将处理好的样品分别测土壤颜色指标亮度、红度和黄度,将测得的亮度、红度和黄度指标分MIS4、MIS3、MIS2和MIS14个阶段,通过与研究剖面的气候指标磁化率、粒度和CaCO_3在百年尺度、千年尺度上的对比分析,以及在万年尺度上与高纬格陵兰GRIP冰芯记录和反映全球冰量变化的SPECMAP曲线进行对比分析表明：土壤颜色指标作为气候变化的代用指标无论在百年尺度、千年尺度还是在万年尺度上均是可靠的,这种可靠性在末次冰期阶段表现得更为显著,这一结论是否适用于整个第四纪冰期间冰期旋回,尚需更多黄土剖面的研究事实来加以证明。  相似文献   

Engineering geological studies and tunnel support design at Sulakyurt dam site, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. Basarir 《Engineering Geology》2006,86(4):225-237

This paper presents the results of engineering geological investigations and tunnel support design studies, carried out at the Sulakyurt dam site, northeast of Ankara, Turkey. The Sulakyurt dam will be used for flow control and water storage for irrigation projects. Studies were carried out both in the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling and sampling for laboratory testing. The diversion tunnel will be driven in rock mass, consisting of granite and diorite. Empirical, analytical and numerical methods were combined for safe tunnel design. Rock mass rating (RMR), Rock mass quality (Q) and Geological strength index (GSI) systems were used for empirical rock mass quality determination, site characterization and support design. The convergence–confinement method was used as analytical method and software called Phase², a 2D finite element program, was utilized as numerical method. According to the results acquired from the empirical, analytical and numerical methods, tunnel stability problems were expected in both granite and diorite rock masses. The support system, suggested by empirical methods, was applied and the performance of suggested support system was evaluated by means of numerical modelling. It was concluded that the suggested support systems were adequate, since after applying the suggested support system to granite and diorite, tunnel deformation and the yielded elements around the tunnel decreased significantly. Thus, it is suggested that for more reliable support design empirical, numerical and analytical methods should be combined.  相似文献   

A multi-method approach to study the stability of natural slopes and landslide susceptibility mapping   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

M. Fall  R. Azzam  C. Noubactep 《Engineering Geology》2006,82(4):241-263

In this paper, a multi-method approach for the assessment of the stability of natural slopes and landslide hazard mapping applied to the Dakar coastal region is presented. This approach is based on the effective combination of geotechnical field and laboratory works, of GIS, and of mechanical (deterministic and numerical) stability analysis. By using this approach, valuable results were gained regarding instability factors, landslide kinematics, simulation of slope failure and coastal erosion. This led to a thorough assessment and strong reduction in the subjectivity of the slope stability and hazard assessment and to the development of an objective landslide danger map of the SW coast of Dakar. Analysis of the results shows that the slides were influenced by the geotechnical properties of the soil, the weathering, the hydrogeological situation, and the erosion by waves. The landslide susceptibility assessment based on this methodological approach has allowed for an appropriate and adequate consideration of the multiple factors affecting the stability and the optimization of planning and investment for land development in the city.  相似文献   

The deep-seated slope deformation at Encampadana, Andorra: Representation of morphologic features by numerical modelling     

Marcel Hürlimann  Alberto Ledesma  Jordi Corominas  Pere C. Prat 《Engineering Geology》2006,83(4):343-357

  相似文献   

Natural and man-induced stress evolution of slopes: the Monte Mario hill in Rome     

F. Bozzano  S. Martino  M. Priori 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(4):505-524

The paper deals with stress-release effects induced by man-made cuts or excavations into natural stiff clay slopes that experienced erosion in response to valley deepening. The study was focused on the Monte Mario hill in Rome (Italy), which formed part of an area of recent urban expansion. The methodology of the study relied on a reference engineering-geology model, which was developed on the basis of site and laboratory data and stress–strain analyses. The latter analyses were carried out with the finite-difference code FLAC 4.0. Numerical modelling was based on a sequential approach, taking into account the main evolutionary stages of the Tiber river valley in Romeȁ9s urban area and then making cuts at the bottom of the slope located south of the Monte Mario Astronomical Observatory. The simulation revealed the stress-release effects that fluvial erosion and excavation fronts have caused on the investigated slopes and their consequent gravitational instabilities. These processes appear with metre-scale displacements, followed by stress-release cracks (actually observed on the slopes under review). In quantifying stress-release deformations, the simulation took into account the possible role of creep in the observed retardation of stress-release effects.Research activities were carried on with the co-operation of Dȁ9Arcangelo A. (Consorzio TREESSE, andrea.darcangelo@libero.it) and Moretti S. (IMG S.r.l. Servizi Tecnici per lȁ9Ingegneria e lȁ9Ambiente, moretti@img-srl.it)  相似文献   

Occurrence of salt water above fresh water in dynamic equilibrium in a coastal groundwater flow system near De Panne, Belgium     

A. Vandenbohede  L. Lebbe 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(4):462-472

A salt water lens is found above fresh water under the shore between Dunkerque (France) and Nieuwpoort (Belgium). This inverse density distribution is in a dynamic equilibrium. It develops due to the infiltration of salt water on the back shore during high tide. Under this salt water lens, water infiltrated in the adjacent dune area flows towards the sea and discharges at the seabed. This water quality distribution differs from the classic salt water wedge under fresh water described in the literature. Here, the evolution to this water quality distribution is simulated with a density dependent numerical model. A large tidal range, shore morphology and a permeable groundwater reservoir are the main conditions for the observed water quality distribution. By altering these conditions, intermediate water quality distributions between the classic salt water wedge and the one discussed here develop. Based on these simulations, it is expected that similar kinds of inverse density distribution could be present in a number of coastal areas, which have tides, a gently sloping shore and a permeable substratum.  相似文献