2016年山东省15个海水增养殖区氮磷分布及其结构特征          下载免费PDF全文

刘爱英  于广磊  何健龙  程玲  付萍  苏博  马元庆 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(Z2):130-137

氮、磷是海洋生物生长所需要的重要营养元素,其变化对海水增养殖区生态系统结构和功能有着重要影响。文章根据2016年3月、5月、8月及10月的监测资料,分析了山东省15个海水增养殖区氮、磷分布特征,结果表明：DIN浓度范围0.007 30～2.20 mg/L,平均值0.192 mg/L,68.0%的站次浓度介于0.05～0.2 mg/L之间,渤海湾、莱州湾养殖区浓度普遍高于黄海养殖区;PO4-P浓度范围0～0.089 5 mg/L,平均0.005 98 mg/L,81.9%的站次浓度介于0.001～0.015 mg/L之间,约2/3水域为磷限制性贫营养状态。表层、底层海水DIN与PO4-P浓度无明显差异;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N占比分别为68.91%、6.82%、27.27%,NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式;夏季NH4-N形态比例最高,平均占比36.5%;N/P原子质量比范围1.6～2 532.3,主要范围在10～40,渤海养殖区N/P比明显高于黄海养殖区;DIN分布主要受陆源径流输入影响;PO4-P水平分布无明显规律。  相似文献   

Amelioration of marine farming impact on the benthic environment using artificial reefs as biofilters     

Gao QF  Shin PK  Xu WZ  Cheung SG 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):652-661

An in situ monitoring of the sediment characteristics and macrobenthic communities was undertaken at a marine fish culture site in subtropical waters of Hong Kong before and after the deployment of biofilters which were made of cement concrete artificial reef (AR) structures. According to the distance to the boundary of the fish cages, 6 points were selected as sampling stations: 2 at the fish cages, 2 near the boundary of the fish culture area, and 2 reference sites further away from the culture area. Bimonthly sediment samples were collected for analysis of silt-clay fraction (SCF), moisture content (MC), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP). The macrobenthos (>0.5mm) present in the sediment were sorted, identified and enumerated. TOC, TKN and TP levels at the fish cage stations were consistently higher than those at the reference stations over the 1-year pre-AR and 2-year post-AR deployment monitoring period. The diversity of macrofauna was significantly reduced at the fish cage stations relative to the reference sites. The intermediary stations near the fish culture area showed a transitional state of disturbance. Over the 2-year post-AR deployment period, TOC, TKN and TP showed a decreasing trend at the fish cage and intermediary stations. More diverse macrofaunal communities were recorded at the fish cage stations, with species diversity H'increasing from 0-1 at the beginning of the AR deployment to H'>2 at the end of the study. The present results demonstrated that artificial reefs can improve the benthic abiotic environment and biotic conditions beneath fish rafts which are deteriorated due to farming activities.  相似文献   

Nutrient budgets for European seas: a measure of the effectiveness of nutrient reduction policies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Artioli Y  Friedrich J  Gilbert AJ  McQuatters-Gollop A  Mee LD  Vermaat JE  Wulff F  Humborg C  Palmeri L  Pollehne F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(9):1609-1617

Socio-economic development in Europe has exerted increasing pressure on the marine environment. Eutrophication, caused by nutrient enrichment, is evident in regions of all European seas. Its severity varies but has, in places, adversely impacted socio-economic activities. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recently adopted policies to reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs to European seas. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets were constructed for three different periods (prior to severe eutrophication, during severe eutrophication and contemporary) to capture changes in the relative importance of different nutrient sources in four European seas suffering from eutrophication (Baltic Proper, coastal North Sea, Northern Adriatic and North-Western Black Sea Shelf). Policy success is evident for point sources, notably for P in the Baltic and North Seas, but reduction of diffuse sources has been more problematic.  相似文献   

A multivariate assessment of the coral ecosystem health of two embayments on the lee of the island of Hawai'i     

Parsons ML  Walsh WJ  Settlemier CJ  White DJ  Ballauer JM  Ayotte PM  Osada KM  Carman B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(6):1138-1149

Four coral-dominated coastal sites within two embayments (Kealakekua Bay and Honokōhau Bay) on the lee of the island of Hawai'i were studied to assess evidence of anthropogenic impacts in these relatively pristine locales. Nutrient-loading parameters were analyzed in relation to benthic composition data. Statistically, there were significant positive relationships between nitrate+nitrite, silicate, and ammonium with the abundance of macroalgae, coralline algae, and dead coral, and between delta(15)N and dead coral abundance. The north outside site of Kealakekua Bay and the south outside site of Honokōhau Bay appear to be most impacted by nutrient-loading factors in each bay, respectively. Comparisons with past nutrient data indicate that nutrient inputs have increased to the two bays, and that early impacts of these increased loadings are evident. It is predicted that at current nutrient-loading rates, the north sites of Kealakekua Bay and the south sites of Honokōhau Bay will exhibit evidence of further degradation in future years.  相似文献   

Optimization of nutrient component for diesel oil degradation by Rhodococcus erythropolis     

Huang L  Ma T  Li D  Liang FL  Liu RL  Li GQ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(10):1714-1718

A novel bacterium T7-2 was isolated from the oil-polluted sea-bed mud of Bohai Sea, northern China, which can degrade diesel oil at 15 °C. This bacterium was identified as a strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis according to its 16S rDNA gene. In order to enhance degradation efficiency, a five-level, three-factor central composite design was employed to optimize the nutrition supplied to artificial seawater. The results indicate that a supplement of 2.53 g (NH₄)₂SO₄ L⁻¹, 2.75 g Na₂HPO₄ L⁻¹ and 0.01 g yeast extract L⁻¹ to artificial seawater increases the degradation rate from 12.61% to 75% within 7 d.  相似文献   

粤北凡口超大型铅锌矿床化流体喷溢中心的确定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓军  杨立强 《岩石学报》2000,16(4):528-530

凡口铅锌矿床是发育于上古生界碳酸直岩建造中的海底热泉喷溢矿床,在研究矿地质的基础上,使用矿物包裹体测温方法,研究矿体温度场的分布,配合矿化元素的分布状态和矿石组构分带特征,推断成矿流体的喷口位置和运移方向。  相似文献   

生态系统营养离子循环及水化学演化的锶同位素示踪   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

马英军  刘丛强 《地球科学进展》1999,14(4):87

综述了Ｓｒ同位素示踪生态系统离子循环和水化学演化的基本原理、主要内容和最新进展。着重介绍了Ｓｒ同位素在矿物风化速率研究、流域营养离子来源识别及其循环通量计算、地下水体化学成分演化机制的研究中的示踪应用;最后展望了Ｓｒ同位素在生物地球化学过程示踪上的潜在价值。  相似文献   

A retrospective analysis of nutrients and phytoplankton productivity in the Mississippi River plume     

Steven E. Lohrenz  Donald G. Redalje  Wei-Jun Cai  James Acker  Michael Dagg 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Long-term patterns in riverine nutrient flux in the lower Mississippi River were examined in relationship to spatial and temporal patterns in surface nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll, and primary productivity in the outflow region in the northern Gulf of Mexico. A retrospective analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes based on USGS water quality data and US Army Corps of Engineers discharge data from the 1950s to mid-2004 showed an increase in river-borne dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) flux after 1967. Flux of DIN peaked in the early 1980s and has since fluctuated and shown a general decreasing trend since the early 1990s. Records for total phosphorus (total P) fluxes beginning in mid-1974 exhibited a variable but slight increasing trend up to 2004. The increase in fluxes during the 1970s and into the 1980s can be attributed to increases in both nutrient concentrations and river discharge. DIN concentrations since the 1980s have shown a decreasing trend. Total P concentrations exhibited large fluctuations, with no consistent long-term trend. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations and orthophosphate (Ortho P) peaked in the 1980s, declined relative to DIN and remained relatively low. DIN:Ortho P ratios were consistently well above the Redfield N:P ratio of 16:1. DIN:Total P ratios were variable and lower, fluctuating around the Redfield 16:1 value. Both DIN:Ortho P and DIN:Total P ratios were weakly, but significantly, correlated with river discharge and fluctuations were largely a reflection of higher DIN concentrations during high-discharge events. DIN:Ortho P ratios in surface waters of the outflow region adjacent to the birdfoot delta were higher in spring, consistent with seasonal variation in riverine DIN:Ortho P ratios. The seasonal signal diminished with increasing distance to the west of the delta, indicating a selective removal of DIN or source of Ortho P along the shelf. DIN fluxes and SeaWiFS satellite-derived chlorophyll showed seasonally elevated values during the first half of the year followed by generally lower values in late summer and fall. This seasonal signal diminished from east to west. The observed relationship between DIN flux and chlorophyll was consistent with ship-based observations of a linkage between riverine nutrient inputs and productivity. Long-term trends in river discharge were correlated with the Multivariate ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) Index (MEI) (r=−0.281, p<0.0001), evidence that river discharge was influenced by global climatic trends.  相似文献   

Root-associated biofilms of Eichhornia heterosperma Alexander, 1939 contribute to the remediation of the tropical reservoir Porce II,Colombia     

《Limnologica》2020

Two key factors were identified that enhance remediation of a hypereutrophic reservoir colonised by Eichhornia heterosperma Alexander, 1939. These factors are the high abundance of the microbial community in root-associated biofilms and their high extracellular enzyme activity (EEA). The capacity of macrophytes for nutrients removal has been widely acknowledged. However, there has been little discussion on the role of root-associated biofilms in enhancing phytoremediation. We determined nutrient levels across the reservoir quarterly during two years. We assessed the structure of the microbial community in water, root-associated biofilms, and sediments along with their phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities. We hypothesised that reservoir remediation is enhanced by increased nutrient remineralisation and bioavailability, arising from EEA in root-associated biofilms attached to E. heterosperma. Sedimentation removed 51% of the total nitrogen (TN) and 85% of the total phosphorus (TP) external load. E. heterosperma and its root-associated biofilms removed extra 8% TN and 7% TP. The abundance of the microbial community in root-associated biofilms was generally higher than in water and sediment, being dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. The EEA in root-associated biofilms ranged 117−1760 μmol g⁻¹ wet weight h⁻¹ for phosphatase and 107−676 μmol g⁻¹ wet weight h⁻¹ for β-glucosidase, indicating high mineralisation rates. These results showed that the microbial community in root-associated biofilms favours reservoir remediation by supplying mineralised nutrients to algae and macrophytes, but the permanent introduction of high nutrient loads exceeds the reservoir capacity for remediation. Improving the trophic state of the reservoir requires thus long-term strategies at basin scale for reducing the nutrient loads.  相似文献   

岩溶地区生态系统养分平衡研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

姚长宏  杨桂芳  蒋忠诚  袁道先 《中国岩溶》2001,20(1):41-46

以岩溶地区生态系统中养分储存和运移为中心,综合研究了矿物分化、大气降水而引起的养分输入,淋溶流失、水土流失造成的养分输出,以及与生物导致的养分内部循环之间的相互作用和相互联系;讨论了岩溶生态系统养分的流入、保持和流失之间的平衡,并以桂林丫吉村岩溶试验场为例建立系统内各养分体系之间的反馈网络模型。   相似文献