Physico-chemical and nutrient variable stratifications in the water column and in macroalgal thalli as a result of high biomass mats in a non-tidal shallow-water lagoon     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,76(1-2):98-104

A field study to check parameter stratification during high density growth of four opportunistic macroalgae was carried out in Orbetello lagoon (Italy). The effects of macroalgal masses were compared with a seagrass meadow and two lagoon areas with bare bottoms as controls for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrite, nitrate ammonium and orthophosphate. The nutrient content of thalli and sediment redox were measured. Macroalgae showed differences in stratification of thalli nutrient content. Mat with low density and high volume produced stratifications in the water column, but it did not produce nutrient release by sediment. In contrast, high density and low and high volume mats led to sharp falls in dissolved oxygen, with negative values of sediment Eh and anoxic trigger processes that presumably led to release of sediment nutrients. This depended on thallus type: heavy thalli compacted the mat and light ones distributed more widely in the water column.  相似文献   

Impact of elevated levels of CO₂ on animal mediated ecosystem function: The modification of sediment nutrient fluxes by burrowing urchins     

S. Widdicombe  A. Beesley  J.A. Berge  S.L. Dashfield  C.L. McNeill  H.R. Needham  S. Øxnevad 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to quantify the relationships between the presence and body size of two burrowing heart urchins (Brissopsis lyrifera and Echinocardium cordatum) and rates of sediment nutrient flux. Furthermore, the impact of seawater acidification on these relationships was determined during this 40-day exposure experiment. Using carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas, seawater was acidified to pH_NBS 7.6, 7.2 or 6.8. Control treatments were maintained in natural seawater (pH ≈ 8.0). Under normocapnic conditions, burrowing urchins were seen to reduce the sediment uptake of nitrite or nitrate whilst enhancing the release of silicate and phosphate. In acidified (hypercapnic) treatments, the biological control of biogeochemical cycles by urchins was significantly affected, probably through the combined impacts of high CO₂ on nitrifying bacteria, benthic algae and urchin behaviour. This study highlights the importance of considering biological interactions when predicting the consequences of seawater acidification on ecosystem function.  相似文献   

Mass Balance Study on Phosphorus Removal in Constructed Wetland Microcosms Treating Polluted River Water     

Haiming Wu  Jian Zhang  Cong Li  Jinlin Fan  Yina Zou 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(9):844-850

A number of studies have showed that the mass removal rates of phosphorus (P) in different constructed wetlands (CWs) varied significantly, and it is essential to quantify the contributions of major P removal processes in order to improve system design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and water temperature on P removal from polluted river water and to quantify the contributions of different P removal pathways in surface CWs. Results showed that the average total P removal rates ranged between 2.69 and 20.84 mg/(m² day) in different seasons and were influenced significantly by vegetation, HRT, and water temperature. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 4.81–22.33% of P input, while media storage contributed 36.16–49.66%. Other P removal processes such as microbiota uptake removed around 0.26–4.13%. Media storage and plant uptake were identified as the main P removal processes in surface CWs treating polluted river water. This illustrated the importance of selecting media and plants in CWs for future practical application.  相似文献   

A tracer study in an Alaskan gravel beach and its implications on the persistence of the Exxon Valdez oil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li H  Boufadel MC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1261-1269

Despite great efforts including bioremediation, the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spills persist in many gravel beaches in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. To explore this mystery, a lithium tracer study was conducted along two transects on one of these beaches. The tracer injections and transports were successfully simulated using the 2-dimensional numerical model MARUN. The tracer stayed much longer in the oil-persisting, right transect (facing landwand) than in the clean, left transect. If the tracer is approximately regarded as oils, oils in the upper layer would have more opportunities to enter the lower layer in the right transect than in the left one. This may qualitatively explain the oil persistence within the right transect. When the tracer is regarded as nutrients, the long stay of nutrients within the right transect implies that the oil persistence along the right transect was not due to the lack of nutrients during the bioremediation.  相似文献   

Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff     

D. Villegas-Ríos  X.A. Álvarez-Salgado  G. Rosón 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(5):400-413

O₂, N, P and Si net ecosystem metabolism of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Iberian upwelling system) was estimated during two 3-wk periods of contrasting summer downwelling and autumn upwelling conditions by means of a transient 2-D kinematic box model. The subtidal circulation was positive in both situations, although it was depressed during downwelling and enhanced during upwelling. Concurrently, the ría was fertilised mainly by shelf bottom waters, which introduced from 69% (under downwelling) to almost 100% (under upwelling) of the limiting N nutrients. The ría was an efficient nutrient trap: about 70% of the N nutrients that entered the embayment were retained under downwelling conditions (average flushing time, 9 days) and about 50% under upwelling conditions (average flushing time 3 days). Although the trapping efficiency was lower, the net ecosystem production (NEP) was much higher under upwelling (from 1.0±0.3 to 1.5±0.4 g C m⁻² d⁻¹), than under downwelling favourable winds (from 0.2±0.1 to 0.3±0.1 g C m⁻²). The stoichiometry of NEP suggests that P and N compounds recycled faster than C compounds, specially in the inner segment of the ría. The net degree of silification was twice in the inner than in the outer segment of the ría.  相似文献   

The chemical composition including the Rare Earth Elements of the three major glass types of Europe and the Orient used in late antiquity and the Middle Ages     

Karl Hans Wedepohl  Klaus Simon  Andreas Kronz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):289-296

Sets of 20 soda ash glasses, 16 soda lime glasses and 23 wood ash glasses mainly from excavations in Europe (additional soda ash glasses from Egypt) were analysed on 61 chemical elements. Average SiO₂ is about 62% in soda glasses and 50% in wood ash glasses. The three groups of glasses contain on average 13% Na₂O, 18% Na₂O and 13% K₂O as fluxes to lower the melting temperature of quartz at their production. The starting materials beside quartz were halophytic plant ash for soda ash glass, trona (Na₃H(CO₃)₂·2H₂O) and lime (clamshells) for soda lime glass and beech ash for wood ash glass. Each of the three major glass types contains specific Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations mainly contained in quartz and its intergrown minerals. 50 Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones from Central Europe represent the quartz composition. The REE pattern of these glasses apparently indicates major compositional stages of the Continental Earth's Crust. The boron to lithium and sodium to potassium ratios as in seawater suggest reactions of materials for soda glass with seawater. Negative Ce anomalies in the three glasses are caused by reactions of quartz with seawater.  相似文献   

日照茶树种植区表层土壤营养元素地球化学特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王学  张祖陆  王茂香  张伦  代杰瑞 《山东国土资源》2011,27(6):18-22

对土壤中的营养元素进行分析,对于茶树种植及宜种性评价意义深远。该研究主要是利用1 km×1 km表层土壤采样数据,借助地统计学和GIS技术对日照茶树种植区表层土壤中主要营养元素的地球化学特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区N,P,K2O,S含量相对较丰富,而其他营养元素相对较贫乏;营养元素富集区大致以西湖、秦楼、岚山头3个镇为顶点呈三角分布。  相似文献   

日照茶树种植区表层土壤营养元素地球化学特征分析     

王学  张祖陆  王茂香  张伦  代杰瑞 《山东地质》2011,(6):18-22

对土壤中的营养元素进行分析,对于茶树种植及宜种性评价意义深远。该研究主要是利用1 km×1 km表层土壤采样数据,借助地统计学和GIS技术对日照茶树种植区表层土壤中主要营养元素的地球化学特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区N,P,K2O,S含量相对较丰富,而其他营养元素相对较贫乏;营养元素富集区大致以西湖、秦楼、岚山头3个镇为顶点呈三角分布。  相似文献   

Characterisation of water masses and phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the East Australian Current separation zone during spring 2008     

C.S. Hassler  J.R. DjajadikartaM.A. Doblin  J.D. EverettP.A. Thompson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):664-677

This study focuses on the comparison of oceanic and coastal cold-core eddies with inner-shelf and East Australian Current (EAC) waters at the time of the spring bloom (October 2008). The surface water was biologically characterised by the phytoplankton biomass, composition, photo-physiology, carbon fixation and by nutrient-enrichment experiments. Marked differences in phytoplankton biomass and composition were observed. Contrasted biomarker composition suggests that biomarkers could be used to track water masses in this area. Divinyl chlorophyll a, a biomarker for tropical Prochlorophytes, was found only in the EAC. Zeaxanthin a biomarker for Cyanophytes, was found only within the oceanic eddy and in the EAC, whereas chlorophyll b (Chlorophytes) was only present in the coastal eddy and at the front between the inner-shelf and EAC waters.This study showed that cold-core eddies can affect phytoplankton, biomass, biodiversity and productivity. Inside the oceanic eddy, greater phytoplankton biomass and a more complex phytoplankton community were observed relative to adjacent water masses (including the EAC). In fact, phytoplankton communities inside the oceanic eddy more closely resembled the community observed in the inner-shelf waters. At a light level close to half-saturation, phytoplankton carbon fixation (gC d⁻¹) in the oceanic eddy was 13-times greater than at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC and 3-times greater than in the inner-shelf water. Nutrient-enrichment experiments demonstrated that nitrogen was the major macronutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in water masses associated with the oceanic eddy. Although the effective quantum yield values demonstrate healthy phytoplankton communities, the phytoplankton community bloomed and shifted in response to nitrogen enrichments inside the oceanic eddy and in the frontal zone between this eddy and the EAC. An effect of Si enrichment was only observed at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC. No response to nutrient enrichment was observed in the inner-shelf water where ambient NO_x, Si and PO₄ concentrations were up to 14, 4 and 3-times greater than in the EAC and oceanic eddy. Although results from the nutrient-enrichment experiments suggest that nutrients can affect biomass and the composition of the phytoplankton community, the comparison of all sites sampled showed no direct relationship between phytoplankton biomass, nutrients and the depth of the mixed layer. This is probably due to the different timeframe between the rapidly changing physical and chemical oceanography in the separation zone of the EAC.  相似文献   

土壤酸化研究进展   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28  

戎秋涛  杨春茂 《地球科学进展》1996,11(4):396-401

环境酸化是全球变化中的一个重要内容，土壤酸化是环境酸化的一个重要方面。综述了土壤酸化研究的进展，主要有土壤酸化的概念、表示方法、研究方法、土壤酸化敏感性、土壤酸化与元素淋失的关系等方面。最后提出了进一步研究的方向  相似文献