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991.
文章通过对北海市29项勘察工程饱和砂土中标准贯入、重型圆锥动力触探和静力触探资料的分析计算,建立了标准贯入击数值地下水校正的关系式:N=N’+45。探讨了标准贯入击数值偏小及离散性大的原因。  相似文献   
992.
A 40 m × 20 m mowed, grass hillslope adjacent to a headwater stream within a 26‐ha watershed in east‐central Pennsylvania, USA, was instrumented to identify and map the extent and dynamics of surface saturation (areas with the water table at the surface) and surface runoff source areas. Rainfall, stream flow and surface runoff from the hillslope were recorded at 5‐min intervals from 11 August to 22 November 1998, and 13 April to 12 November 1999. The dynamics of the water table (0 to 45 cm depth from the soil surface) and the occurrence of surface runoff source areas across the hillslope were recorded using specially designed subsurface saturation and surface runoff sensors, respectively. Detailed data analyses for two rainfall events that occurred in August (57·7 mm in 150 min) and September (83·6 mm in 1265 min) 1999, illustrated the spatial and temporal dynamics of surface saturation and surface runoff source areas. Temporal data analyses showed the necessity to measure the hillslope dynamics at time intervals comparable to that of rainfall measurements. Both infiltration excess surface runoff (runoff caused when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity) and saturation excess surface runoff (runoff caused when soil moisture storage capacity is exceeded) source areas were recorded during these rainfall events. The August rainfall event was primarily an infiltration excess surface runoff event, whereas the September rainfall event produced both infiltration excess and saturation excess surface runoff. Occurrence and disappearance of infiltration excess surface runoff source areas during the rainfall events appeared scattered across the hillslope. Analysis of surface saturation and surface runoff data showed that not all surface saturation areas produced surface runoff that reached the stream. Emergence of subsurface flow to the surface during the post‐rainfall periods appeared to be a major flow process dominating the hillslope after the August rainfall event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
993.
作者通过对下扬子盆地的发展演化序列,盆地区域构造演化特征及其油气成藏等方面进行了论述,经综合研究分析,认为下扬子盆地发展演化历经了古生代海相沉积成盆期和中新生代陆相堆积成盆期两个截然不同的地质历史阶段。原海相沉积盆地的雏形于中生代印支—燕山运动期间即遭破坏、解体,局部地区保留了某些原海相沉积盆地的残块。由于地质构造作用影响或是因原岩固结作用而散失了有效的排烃能力,故不具备有效的油气保存和储藏的可能。在原海相盆地解体之后出现的中新生代地质构造和沉积建造完全不同于海相盆地的中新生代陆相堆积盆地,其具有独立的生油储蓄组合,是油气成藏的有利的地方。文章还阐明了部—庐断裂带和江—绍断裂带,作为区域地质构造的骨架,它们始终扮演了控制下扬子盆地发展演化全过程的角色,其构造背景与盆地演化背景密切相关。  相似文献   
994.
1IntroductionThe method is to find the boundary of distribu-tion of sedimentary micro-facies and draw the map of sedimentary belts based on known data of sedi-mentary facies from each layer(strata unit or sedi-mentary unit) of each well in a specific area. It is important to understand the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies. Generally determining the distribution of sedimentary facies is a primary and hard job in the stage of oil-field development. At the scale of sedimentary micro-f…  相似文献   
995.
本文根据石油天然气总公司对未动用储量的评价标准,结合辽河油田的实际情况,把未动用储量划分为四大类型。在此基础上,进行了开发可行性的方法研究,并对确定合理井网密度、采收率、单井产量和采油速度和测算的主要开发指标等问题进行了探讨,进而做了经济优化论证和提出了下步工作的建议,以期能取得最佳的开发效益。  相似文献   
996.
Fluid inclusions represent the direct evidence of paleofluids and can provide valuable information on the evolution of sedimentary basins and oil-bearing strata. Hydrocarbon fluid inclusion(s) (HCFIs) are the vestiges of oil from the geological formations. The paper delineates the paleotemperature (Th)/ oil window, the oil quality of HCFIs and Raman peaks corresponding to hydrocarbon species of HCFIs using fluid inclusion techniques, and source rock potential of hydrocarbon generation, thermal maturity, the quantity of organic matter, and the kerogen types obtained through Rock-Eval pyrolysis data from two dry wells RV-1 well of Mumbai offshore and KKD-1A well of Kerala-Konkan Basin. The present study compares the fluid inclusion parameters as well as the source rock geochemical characteristics of these two dry wells to address the scientific problem of the wells going dry. Further, evaluated whether the results agree with an earlier finding from a case study of two wells named KK4C-Al (Kerala-Konkan basin) and RV-1 well where only a few parameters such as temperature of homogenization (Th) & API gravity were utilised, and the chances of getting oil in the nearby areas of these two wells were reported. In the present study, the fluid inclusion parameters such as the palaeotemperature (Th), API Gravity and Raman spectra were obtained from micron sized fluid inclusions at different depths for a quick assessment of nature of oil inclusions within the two dry wells. Along with fluid inclusion parameters, different source rock parameters obtained from Rock-Eval Pyrolysis analysis (secondary data) such as S1, S2, S3, Tmax, Hydrogen Index (HI), Oxygen Index (OI), Potential Yield (PY), Production Index (PI) and Total Organic Carbon Content (TOC) were also considered for a detailed source-rock evaluation of two wells (RV-1 and KKD-1A) and the results act as the supporting evidence to address the reason for the wells gone dry.Temperature of homogenisation (Th) of hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusion Assemblages (FIAs) from both the wells fall in the oil window (60–150 °C) range indicating that there was a conducive thermal condition favourable for oil generation in these two basins. API gravity of oils in RV-1 well of Mumbai offshore (48–53) was lighter when compared to those in KKD-1A (18–22) of Kerala-Konkan basin. Raman spectra of HCFI samples could decipher important hydrocarbon species from RV-1 well samples. Raman spectra of KKD-1A well show less prominent peaks (broad) only. Pyrolysis data shows that Paleocene–Early Eocene source rocks of Panna formation of RV1 well are mature enough to generate hydrocarbons. On the other hand, Paleocene aged source rocks of Kasargod formation of KKD-1A well are immature. Source rock maturity therefore could be considered as crucial in hydrocarbon generation in these two wells even if oil-window was achieved. This study reports that, in RV-1 well, even though it is a dry well in a proven basin, the oil window, API gravity of oils and constituents from HCFIs of RV-1 well and the source-rock maturity opens up a demand for detailed exploration in nearby areas of RV-1 in the Mumbai offshore basin hopeful of finding a high-value prospect for oil, whereas the fluid inclusion studies in the HCFIs of KKD-1A well of Kerala-Konkan basin is showing only a minimal chance of oil generation that too of a heavy nature and the source rock immature characteristics suggesting only minimal generation of hydrocarbons. Due to the heaviness of the available oil in the KKD-1A well impedes migration. Our study suggests that there is no potential for finding oil in the nearby areas of KKD-1A well of Kerala-Konkan basin.  相似文献   
997.
圈闭有不连续、非流动和非混溶气体的含水层,被称为准饱和含水层。圈闭气体的存在会降低含水层的渗透性能,但准饱和渗透系数、圈闭气体饱和度和驱替速率之间的关系还没有完全被理解。本文通过室内砂性介质的驱替试验开展了圈闭气体饱和度、准饱和渗透系数和驱替速率三者相互关系的研究。研究表明,虽然总体上圈闭气体饱和度随驱替速率的增大而减小,但是在高驱替速率和低驱替速率分别出现了圈闭气体饱和度不随驱替速率变化的等值区间,该“台阶”型曲线可以采用与van Genuchten曲线类似的数学模型来表征,而砂性介质的准饱和渗透系数与圈闭气体饱和度之间呈简单的线性负相关关系。这两个经验模型说明可以用驱替速率定量估算准饱和渗透系数,该关系为利用驱替速率估算准饱和渗透系数提供了理论依据。上述准饱和水力学性质为深入理解准饱和地下水水流提供了依据。另外,驱替速率与圈闭气体饱和度的关系还表明,实验室测量完全饱和渗透系数时,应以大于初始毛细上升速率的速率进行饱和,以避免介质中的空气被水圈闭。  相似文献   
998.
为实现土的非饱和优先流迁移可视化,设计立柱装置进行非饱和渗流试验,采用透明土与数字图像处理技术,建立归一化像素强度与透明土饱和度的关系,在此基础上,通过室内模型试验,研究优先流路径连通性与相邻优先流路径旋转角对非饱和土优先流迁移的影响。试验结果表明:基于图像灰度像素强度表征非饱和透明土饱和度方法是可行的;全连通优先流(O-O型)与上连通优先流(O-C型)剖面呈现T型,中心轴剖面饱和度与边缘差异明显,下连通优先流路径(C-O型)中土体油压与基质势不足以使流体进入优先流路径形成优先流,入渗趋势与均匀流一致,O-C型优先流的稳定入渗率和湿润锋推移速度分别为C-O型的1.5倍和1.4倍;相邻O-C型优先流之间区域形成新的优先流,土体达到较高饱和度,增长速率随旋转角的增加而减小,优先流转角为90?、60?、30?时稳定入渗速率分别为均匀流的1.5、1.3、1.2倍;流体受重力影响,转角小的优先流仅沿路径一侧水平渗透,但湿润锋推移速度分别为均匀流的1.3、1.4、1.5倍,相邻优先流相互作用减弱,难以形成新的优先流。  相似文献   
999.
王滢  王海萍  高盟 《岩土力学》2022,43(11):3185-3197
在以往关于圆柱形衬砌隧道的瞬态动力响应中,衬砌周围土体大多假定为弹性介质或饱和介质。然而,自然界中的土体大多为非饱和介质。考虑土体与衬砌结构的动力相互作用及动荷载引起的附加质量密度的影响,研究了瞬态荷载作用下非饱和土中无限长深埋圆柱形衬砌隧道的动力响应。基于多孔介质混合物理论和连续介质力学理论,建立了非饱和土中圆柱形衬砌隧道受到瞬态荷载作用时衬砌及周围土体的控制方程,利用Durbin数值反演法得到了衬砌及土体在时间域的动力响应。数值分析了饱和度对瞬态荷载下径向位移、径向应力、环向应力和孔隙水压力的影响。结果表明:饱和度对衬砌及周围土体的瞬态响应影响显著;饱和度对径向位移沿径向的衰减影响较小,对环向应力和孔隙压力沿径向的衰减影响较大。  相似文献   
1000.
尚卫  苏新  白辰阳  崔鸿鹏 《现代地质》2022,36(1):159-171
为了探讨水合物储层中不同黏土矿物与水合物饱和度的关系,选取位于东太平洋水合物海岭国际大洋钻探计划204航次中的3个钻孔(1245B孔、1244C孔和1251B),开展储层沉积物黏土矿物的测试和综合分析。结果表明,蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石为主要黏土矿物(平均含量分别为40.3%、33.4%、21.4%);高岭石为次要黏土矿物(平均4.9%)。伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石三种矿物含量的垂向变化规律相似,但它们与蒙脱石的垂向变化趋势相反。该区水合物饱和度与蒙脱石含量呈正相关,且正相关程度在“细粒岩性”层段较高(R=0.55~0.97);水合物饱和度与伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石则显示负相关。3个钻孔中水合物储层厚度、水合物饱和度在各钻孔中分布的差异性表明水合物饱和度的受控因素复杂,首先是气源和流体迁移与供给,其次为沉积物岩性;而“细粒岩性”层段较高含量蒙脱石与水合物饱和度正相关关系可能代表了更次一级的沉积影响因素。为检验其它海区是否也存在黏土矿物对水合物饱和度的影响,将上述3个钻孔与印度外海Krishna-Godavari盆地17-07P钻孔记录进行对比。结果显示,17-07P孔的砂含量高,在粗砂层蒙脱石含量与水合物饱和度呈正相关,反映两个海域岩性对水合物饱和度控制机理不同。上述“细粒岩性”层段蒙脱石含量和伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石3种黏土矿物含量与水合物饱和度之间相关性的差异,可能因为蒙脱石具有特殊层状结构和表面化学性质(层间表面带负电荷、具有可交换的层间水合阳离子等),有利于促进水合物的形成和富集,因而表现为正相关;而伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石自身属性与蒙脱石不同(吸水膨胀能力、对甲烷的吸附能力较蒙脱石弱),不利于水合物的聚集,表现为负相关。  相似文献   
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