Explosion seismic reflections from the Earth’s core     

H Thybo  A.R Ross 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(4):693-702

Recent seismological studies have presented evidence for the existence of a layer with ultra-low seismic velocities at the core-mantle boundary at ca. 2900 km depth. We report high-amplitude, high-frequency, and laterally coherent seismic arrivals from three nuclear explosions in Siberia. With recording station intervals of 15 km, the seismic phases are readily correlated and show the presence of a thin, ultra-low velocity zone in a region where it was not previously reported. The duration and complexity of the arrivals are inconsistent with a simple core-mantle boundary and require a hitherto unidentified, kilometre-scale, fine structure in the ultra-low velocity zone. The observations may be explained by a ca. 7 km thick, two-layer, ultra-low velocity zone with exceptional low velocities, which indicate the presence of high percentages of melt (>15%), in particular in the lower part of the zone. Waveform variation implies lateral change in the thickness and physical properties of the ultra-low velocity zone with a wavelength of less than 100 km.  相似文献   

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本石卷地学断面西段地质-地球物理基本特征     

FAISAL S  杨宝俊  于平  李瑞磊  王世煜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):227-231

对于贝加尔湖-石卷地学断面(BAMSIP)的西段俄罗斯贝加尔湖-中国满洲里断面城内的地质构造背景、地震剖面波类型和基本特征等研究发现：(1)断面域中贝加尔裂谷带地震波速度结构存在异常地幔带；结晶地壳物质成分基性程度较高；基底顶面和Moho界面未观察到明显的镜象关系；(2)西伯利亚南部的复杂相故基底由古生代和前寒武纪岩层所组构；区域构造由古褶皱系、中生代沉积盆地、裂谷带构成。  相似文献   

A hybrid indirect boundary element—discrete wave number method applied to simulate the seismic response of stratified alluvial valleys     

S. A. Gil-Zepeda  J. C. Montalvo-Arrieta  R. Vai  F. J. Snchez-Sesma 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(1):77-86

A hybrid indirect boundary element – discrete wavenumber method is presented and applied to model the ground motion on stratified alluvial valleys under incident plane SH waves from an elastic half-space. The method is based on the single-layer integral representation for diffracted waves. Refracted waves in the horizontally stratified region can be expressed as a linear superposition of solutions for a set of discrete wavenumbers. These solutions are obtained in terms of the Thomson–Haskell propagators formalism. Boundary conditions of continuity of displacements and tractions along the common boundary between the half-space and the stratified region lead to a system of equations for the sources strengths and the coefficients of the plane wave expansion. Although the regions share the boundary, the discretization schemes are different for both sides: for the exterior region, it is based on the numerical and analytical integration of exact Green's functions for displacements and tractions whereas for the layered part, a collocation approach is used. In order to validate this approach results are compared for well-known cases studied in the literature. A homogeneous trapezoidal valley and a parabolic stratified valley were studied and excellent agreement with previous computations was found. An example is given for a stratified inclusion model of an alluvial deposit with an irregular interface with the half-space. Results are displayed in both frequency and time domains. These results show the significant influence of lateral heterogeneity and the emergence of locally generated surface waves in the seismic response of alluvial valleys.  相似文献   

上奥陶统底界全球辅助层型剖面在我国的确立   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

陈旭  王志浩 《地层学杂志》2003,27(3):264-265

国际奥陶系分会于 1 995年在美国拉斯维加斯召开的第七届国际奥陶系大会上确立了奥陶系的三统六阶划分方案后 ,笔者等即参加了确立上奥陶统底界的国际工作组。这一工作组由 S.M.Bergstrom和 S.C.Finney为主 ,先后考察了美国亚拉巴马州的 Calera剖面 ,中国的新疆柯坪大湾沟剖面 ,中国甘肃平凉官庄剖面和瑞典 Scania的 Fagelsang剖面 ,经过五年的对比研究 ,于 2 0 0 0年确立了瑞典的Fagelsang剖面为上奥陶统底界的全球层型剖面和点位 ( GSSP) ,中国的新疆大湾沟剖面和美国的亚拉巴马的 Calera剖面为上奥陶统底界的两个全球辅助层型剖面 …  相似文献   

平面散点集Delaunay三角剖分的一种高效方法   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

周杰  丁贤荣  汪德爟 《测绘信息与工程》2003,28(6):21-23

以平面散点集逐点插入的Delaunay三角化的方法为基础，在三角化过程中采用一定策略，将其改进成为一种简单易行而高效的方法，能够适应包括多岛、多连通域等复杂情况的各种边界，能够生成贴体的三角网，网格能够保证符合Delaunay法则。  相似文献   

Simulation of marine boundary layer characteristics using a 1-D PBL model over the Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX-99     

N. V. Sam  U. C. Mohanty  A. N. V. Satyanarayana 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):185-204

The characteristic features of the marine boundary layer (MBL) over the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon and the factors influencing it are investigated. The Bay of Bengal and Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX) carried out during July–August 1999 is the first observational experiment under the Indian Climate Research Programme (ICRP). A very high-resolution data in the vertical was obtained during this experiment, which was used to study the MBL characteristics off the east coast of India in the north and south Bay of Bengal. Spells of active and suppressed convection over the Bay were observed, of which, three representative convective episodes were considered for the study. For this purpose a one-dimensional multi-level PBL model with a TKE-ε closure scheme was used. The soundings, viz., the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, zonal and meridional component of wind, obtained onboard ORV Sagar Kanya and from coastal stations along the east coast are used for the study. The temporal evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, marine boundary layer height (MBLH), sensible and latent heat fluxes and drag coefficient of momentum are simulated for different epochs of monsoon and monsoon depressions during BOBMEX-99.The model also generates the vertical profiles of potential temperature, specific humidity, zonal and meridional wind. These simulated values compared reasonably well with the observations available from BOBMEX.  相似文献   

TEM study of a special grain boundary in a synthetic K-feldspar bicrystal: Manebach Twin     

S. Heinemann  R. Wirth  G. Dresen 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(3):125-130

 A monoclinic KAlSi₃O₈ feldspar Manebach twin boundary was synthesized by diffusion bonding and examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The sharp (001) twin boundary is straight and free of strain. The boundary width is smaller than d₀₀₁. There is no rigid body shift observed at the twin boundary, and the feldspar structure is arranged symmetrically across (001). The twin boundary structure consists of bridged tetrahedral crankshafts, which are characteristic of the feldspar lattice. The grain boundary structure is in good agreement with the geometrical model of Taylor et al. (1934). The grain boundary composition of K_1/2H_1/2AlSi₃O₈ differs from their model. Received: 13 February 2002 / Accepted: 24 December 2002 Acknowledgements We thank M. Rühle, S. Hutt, J. Mayer, A. Strecker and U. Salzberger at MPI, Stuttgart, for their support and valuable advice in preparing TEM sections of bicrystals.  相似文献   

ENSO事件中纬向异常流反向与东西侧边界反射的联系          下载免费PDF全文

严邦良 《大气科学》2003,27(3):354-368

建立一个中等复杂程度的海-气耦合模式研究东、西边界反射,纬向平流项-u′(δ)(T+T′)/(δ)x在ENSO循环位相转换中的作用及东、西边界反射与纬向异常流(u′) 符号改变的关系.结果得到:u′超前Nio3区SSTA位相转变的原因是东、西边界反射造成的.Sverdrup 平衡时所产生的地转流(ur)与东、西边界反射所产生的地转流(ur)的方向在大部分时间里是相反的,同时ur与风应力强迫之间大约有9个月的滞后时间(Kelvin波从180°E出发经东边界反射产生的Rossby波到达180°E时间).在模式ENSO事件消亡过程中的某一时刻以后,边界反射产生的调整过程变为主要过程,u′主要由ur来决定,这样就造成了u′的反向先于Nio区SSTA的反向.它实际上是海洋的调整过程与风应力强迫之间滞后关系的一种反映.敏感性数值试验表明,取消东边界反射,耦合模式能够模拟ENSO循环,但其周期比控制试验的周期短一年(3年).取消-u′(δ)(T+T′)/(δ)x,耦合模式能够模拟ENSO循环,但其周期比控制试验的周期长2年(6年).  相似文献   

实验速度场测量技术及对流边界层特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LI Pingyang  JIANG Weimei  SUN Jianning  YUAN Renmin 《大气科学进展》2003,20(4):631-637

在对流槽中对对流边界层(CBL)温度场实验研究的基础上,进一步尝试通过实验技术测量速度场并分析研究CBL中的速度场特征。在应用PIV测量技术时选用铝粉作示踪粒子。实验证明了在混合层中速度分布明显具有对流边界层热泡特性;混合层顶部的速度分布很好地反应出夹卷层的结构特征;湍流速度特征量的垂直分布合理,与野外实测结果和类似的对流槽实验结果接近;误差分析表明示踪粒子的跟随性良好,粒子速度的测量结果能真实地反应流体的运动特征,从而得证了分析结果的可靠性。  相似文献   

大气边界层气象学研究综述   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

张强 《干旱气象》2003,21(3):74-78

文中回顾了大气边界层气象学的发展历史，总结了目前大气边界层气象学的主要进展，并指出国内外在未来大气边界层气象学研究方面面临的一些主要科学问题，以及对未来大气边界层气象学的发展方向提出若干建议，同时还指出了大气边界层气象学在思想上和方法上应该注意的一些相关问题。  相似文献