Genesis of itabirite-hosted Au–Pd–Pt-bearing hematite-(quartz) veins, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil: constraints from fluid inclusion infrared microthermometry, bulk crush-leach analysis and U–Pb systematics     

Volker Lüders  Rolf L. Romer  Alexandre R. Cabral  Christian Schmidt  David A. Banks  Jens Schneider 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,40(3):289-306

Fluid inclusions hosted in quartz and specular hematite from auriferous (jacutinga) and barren veins in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) have been studied using conventional and near infrared microscopy, respectively. The mineralization consists of veins that cross-cut metamorphosed iron formation (itabirite) of the Paleoproterozoic Itabira Group. The sample suite comprises hematite from veins from the low-strain domain in the W and SW of the study area, as well as hematite samples from the eastern high-strain domain in the central and NE parts of the QF. Halogen ratios of fluid inclusions in quartz and hematite from all studied deposits are consistent with a fluid evolved from dissolving and reprecipitating halite that was subsequently diluted. Fluid inclusions hosted in quartz and hematite are characterized by consistent Na/K ratios and considerable SO₄ contents, and suggest similar formation conditions and, perhaps, fluid origin from a common source. Na/K and Na/Li fluid mineral geothermometers indicate water–rock interaction at approximately 340±40°C. Hematites from the high-strain domain contain fluid inclusion assemblages of high-temperature aqueous-carbonic and multiphase high-salinity, high-temperature aqueous inclusions probably due to fluid immiscibility in the system H₂O–NaCl–CO₂. Fluid inclusions hosted in hematite from barren veins in the low-strain domain, as well as in hematite from jacutinga-type mineralization from the central part of the QF, only host multiphase aqueous fluid inclusions all showing narrow ranges of salinity (7.2–11.7 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and homogenization temperatures (148 to 229°C). Lower homogenization temperatures and the absence of CO₂-rich inclusions in specular hematite from these occurrences are attributed to carbonate precipitation and/or CO₂ escape due to cooling during fluid migration from the high- to the low-strain domain. Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of gold, hematite and hematite-hosted fluid inclusions in combination with geochemical evidence indicate distinct sources for Pd, Au, and Pb. The formation of specular hematite veins may be related to retrograde metamorphic fluids being released during the Brazilian orogenic cycle (600–700 Ma). The Pb isotopic characteristics of all samples are readily reconciled in a simple model that involves two different Paleoproterozoic or Archean source lithologies for lead and reflects contrasting depths of fluid percolation during the Brasiliano orogeny.  相似文献   

地球液核的动力学效应研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐建桥  孙和平 《地球科学进展》2002,17(5):664-669

简要介绍了液核动力学研究的方法及液核动力学效应检测的进展和研究结果,着重介绍了超导重力仪在液核动力学研究中的作用。基于初始参考地球模型（PREM）,采用球对称、非自转、完全弹性和各向同性地球的弹性引力形变理论研究了液核动力学扰动导致的地球固体部分的形变和重力位扰动。根据重力潮汐观测中的近周日共振特征,利用国际超导重力仪观测资料研究了地球的自由核章动（FCN）,精密确定了有关的共振参数,其中FCN的本征周期为429.0（424.3,4 433.7）恒星日,品质因子为 9543（6405,18714）,复共振强度为（－6.10±0.20,－0.01±0.20）×10^－4°/h。最近,我们还估计了全球地球动力学观测网中全球分布的14台超导重力仪21个长期、连续重力观测序列的"积谱密度"以检测固体内核的平动振荡运动。  相似文献   

The Granites gold deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: evidence for an early syn-tectonic ore genesis     

G. J. Adams  R. A. Both  P. James 《Mineralium Deposita》2007,42(1-2):89-105

The ore deposits of The Granites goldfield are shear-hosted within Palaeoproterozoic amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks in the Tanami Region, Northern Territory, Australia. The ore bodies are located within a 5- to 35-m thick sequence of steeply dipping unit of metamorphosed iron-rich metasedimentary rocks. Deformation at The Granites was complex and is characterized by five successive deformation phases (D_1–5). Shear veins (central and oblique) are the dominant type of vein geometry, with minor development of extensional veins and reverse-fault related veins. Four generations of syn-tectonic veins, corresponding to D₁, D₃, D₄, and D₅, have been recognized and are comprised of quartz, quartz-carbonate, calc-silicate, and calcite. In addition, two generations of disseminated sulfide–arsenide mineralization, dominated by pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and loellingite, with minor pyrite, chalcopyrite and rare marcasite, formed syn-D₁ and syn- to post-D₃. Textural and structural evidence indicates deposition of gold was contemporaneous with the syn-D₁ veins and sulfide–arsenide mineralization. Four hydrothermal phases are proposed for the formation of the veins and disseminated sulfide–arsenide assemblages. The first phase (D₁) was responsible for transport and deposition of the majority of the gold. Minor remobilization and deposition of gold occurred during the D₃ and D₄ phases. Little is known about the nature of the D₁ ore fluid, although a relatively low sulfur content is indicated by the assemblage pyrrhotite–arsenopyrite–loellingite+rare pyrite. The growth of amphibolite facies metamorphic minerals andalusite and almandine garnet during D₁ indicates a high temperature for the fluid. The D₃ hydrothermal phase coincided with peak metamorphism. D₄ fluids were hypersaline, high temperature, CO₂-poor, and H₂S-poor. Editorial handling: L. Meinert  相似文献   

烃类组分在金属矿床的成矿理论和矿产勘查研究中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

徐庆鸿陈远荣  贾国相李晓峰李厚民  张雪亮 《岩石学报》2007,23(10):2623-2638

很多的研究证据表明烃类组分在自然界赋存空间和范围非常广泛:如地表和近地表的各类岩石和土壤,现代海底烟囱、海槽现代活动热水区和火山喷发气体,深源的基性-超基性岩和玄武岩包裹体,甚至在碳质球粒陨石中都有烃类组分的存在.因此对烃类组分的研究不应局限于石油、天然气和煤炭等能源矿床,而应该推广到各类金属矿床及其流体的研究中来.与其他气态组分如CO2、H2S、N2、H2等相比,烃类具有组分多元化和性质稳定的特点,同时烃类各组分间的相关特征和配分规律是其地质流体演化过程(氧化-还原条件、温度、压力等环境因素)中的重要参数.为直观表现烃类组分综合特征和流体混合、叠加演化过程中烃类组分细微变化,本文提出建立烃类组分标准化背景的研究思路,探索性地将具有幔源流体特征的峨眉山玄武岩作为烃类组分的标准化背景,其意义类似于选择球粒陨石作为标准化稀土元素背景的建立.通过在云南个旧和广西大厂锡多金属矿、陕西马鞍桥金矿等多个典型金属矿床上实际应用,表明该研究方法能将各类地质体烃类组分差异性和演化的规律性得到直观体现,将单纯的烃类组分宏观异常特征归纳、发展为对烃类组分的叠加改造、配分模式以及相关特征的微观规律研究,将过去烃类组分仅作为有机质参与金属成矿的表征现象,发展成为能应用于成矿物质来源、成矿流体演化及成矿作用和规律研究的工具和手段.  相似文献   

CO2-CH4流体与金成矿作用:以阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿为例   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

徐九华  谢玉玲  丁汝福  阴元军  单立华  张国瑞 《岩石学报》2007,23(8)

造山型金矿的成矿作用与 H_2O-CO_2流体有着密切的联系。然而对阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿的流体包裹体研究表明,无水的 CO_2-CH_4流体在中亚成矿域中一些金矿床中具有同样重要意义。阿尔泰山南缘萨热阔布金矿包裹体的 X_(CH_4)达0.20～0.23,穆龙套金矿的 X_(CH_4)为0.07～0.23。CH_4扩大了流体不混溶的范围,有利于对 Au 的富集沉淀。CO_2流体在 Au 成矿中的重要作用至少包括了三方面的意义,即:缓冲流体 pH 值范围、提高流体中的 Au 含量并使其维持与还原硫的络合作用进行迁移;扩大超临界流体的温度范围;增加流体不混溶的区域。CH_4的加入扩大了流体不混溶的范围,有利于对 Au 的富集沉淀。  相似文献   

Occurrence and chemical composition of amphiboles and related minerals in corundum-bearing mafic rock from the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan     

Tomoaki Morishita  Shoji Arai  Yoshito Ishida 《Lithos》2007,95(3-4):425-440

A corundum-bearing mafic rock in the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan, was derived from upper mantle conditions to lower crustal conditions with surrounding peridotites. The amphiboles found in the rock are classified into 3 types: (1) as interstitial and/or poikilitic grains (Green amphibole), (2) as a constituent mineral of symplectitic mineral aggregates with aluminous spinel at grain boundary between olivine and plagioclase (Symplectite amphibole) and (3) as film-shaped thin grains, usually less than 10 μm in width, at grain boundary between olivine and clinopyroxene (Film-shaped amphibole). The Film-shaped amphibole is rarely associated with orthopyroxene extremely low in Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and CaO (Low-Al OPX). These minerals were formed by infiltration of SiO₂- and volatile-rich fluids along grain boundaries after the rock was recrystallized at olivine-plagioclase stability conditions, i.e. the late stage of the exhumation of the Horoman Complex.

Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace-element patterns of the Green amphibole and clinopyroxene are characterized by LREE-depleted patterns with Eu positive and negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. These geochemical characteristics of the constituent minerals were inherited from original whole-rock compositions through a reaction involving both pre-existing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. We propose that the fluids were originally rich in a SiO₂ component but depleted in trace-elements. Dehydration of the surrounding metamorphic rocks in the Hidaka metamorphic belt, probably related to intrusion of hot peridotite body into the Hidaka crust, is a plausible origin for the fluids.  相似文献   

云南巍山笔架山锑矿床成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常开永 《云南地质》2007,26(2):197-206

矿区褶皱和断裂相互重叠交错,为含矿热气液的运移提供了导矿及储矿构造。微量元素测定,确定上三叠系地层为锑的矿源层,矿体严格受层位控制,三合洞组灰岩破碎带为含矿层位,是找矿主要标志。依据矿床产出特点及物理化学条件,确认该矿床属中低温热液富集层控矿床。  相似文献   

晚期折返过程含石墨流体包裹体及其意义：以印度两个不同地体为例     

M.K.Panigrahi S.Gupta 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):53-64

Archean greenstone belts and Proterozoic granulite mobile belts are products of fundamentally different tectonic processes that culminated in different levels of crustal incision.The present study focuses on graphite-bearing fluid inclusions from two such terrains in India,the Angul domain of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar greenstone-granite belt.In beth cases,a high population of such inclusions within the fluid inclusion assemblage rules out the possibility of graphite being a captive phase,and instead confirms that it was deposited by the fluid within the inclusion cavity.Graphite is usually observed to be occurring with either pure water or a pure carbonic( CO_2 only)liquid,or with a CH_4 dominated carbonic liquid without vapor at room temperature.Graphite precipitation in inclusions is brought about by reaction of the CO2 and CH4 trapped as a homogeneous fluid to give rise to H_2O and C(graphite).Molar volume calculations for the CO_2-CH_4 mixture assuming an appropriate PVTX relationship indicates that there is a substantial increase in volume with decreasing pressure at a given temperature.The reaction producing graphite and H_2O from CH_4 and CO_2 involves substantial volume reduction,and hence would be favored when the rock undergoes rapid exhumation.Graphite-beating inclusions in quartz in a late-stage leucosome from migmatites in the Angul domain of the EGMB are accompanied by other fluid inclusion evidence for isothermal decompression.In the Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar Craton,graphite-bearing inclusions occur in structurally controlled quartz veins(often auriferous)within metamorphosed mafic volcanics(schists and amphibolites).The Raman spectra indicate that graphites in fluid inclusions from the Hutti-Maski schist belt have both ordered(O)and the disordered(D)peaks,whereas those from the Angul area of EGMB lack the disordered(D)peaks, with both having perfectly symmetrical‘S’peak.This implies that in both belts,exhumation from the burial depth maxima was a rapid process.However,the Hutti-Maski schist belt experienced a lower amount of uplift than the Angul domain,where the driving mechanism led to a deeper level of incision.This difference in the extent and rate of exhumation is speculated to be related to a fundamental difference in the nature of tectonism.A more detailed comparative study of the fluid inclusion characteristics would possibly throw more light on the changing tectonic style from the Archean to the Proterozoic,a topic that is extensively debated.  相似文献   

俄罗斯Chukchi半岛新生代碱性岩的形成和演化：熔体和流体包裹体证据     

IrinaP.Solovova Theodoros Ntaflos Andrei Girnis Natalya N.Kononkova Vyacheslav V.Akinin 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):83-92

Melt and fluid inclusions were studied in the minerals of Cenozoic olivine melanephelinites from the Chukchi Peninsula, Russia.The rock contain several generations of olivine phenocrysts varying in composition at mg=0.88～0.77.The phenocrysts bear fluid and melt inclusions recording various stages of melt crystallization in volcanic conduits and shallow magma chambers.Primary fluid inclusions are CO_2-dominated with a density of up to O.93 g/cm~3.All fluid inclusions are partially leaked,which is indicated by haloes of tiny fluid bubbles around large fluid inclusions in minerals.Melt inclusions contain various daughter crystals,which were completely resorbed in thermometric experiments at about 1230℃.Assuming that this temperature corresponds to the entrapment conditions of the CO_2 fluid inclusions,the minimum pressure of the beginning of magma degassing is estimated as 800MPa.Variations in the compositions of homogenized silicate melt inclusions indicate that olivine was the earliest crystalline phase followed by clinopyroxene,nepheline and orthoclase.This sequence is in agreement with the mineralogy of the rocks.The melts are strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements and volatiles(in addition to CO_2,high C1,F,and S contents were detected).There are some differences between the compositions of melts trapped in minerals from different samples.Variations in SiO_2,FeO,and incompatible element contents are probably related to melt generations at various levels in a homogeneous mantle reservoir.  相似文献   

中国塔里木盆地塔中北坡志留系多期石油充注：流体包裹体和有机地球化学证据     

潘立银 倪培欧光习  李林强 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):131-136

Well S provides a good opportunity to investigate the petroleum filling history in Tazhong North Slope.Petrographic investigations suggest that bitumen,oil,and petroleum inclusions coexist in Silurian sandstones from well S,reflecting a complicated reservoir filling history in the study area.Integration of organic geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis shows that the Silurian reservoir has experienced three episodes of petroleum charge,that is from the late Silurian to the early Devonian,the early-middle Triassic and the Paleogene,respectively.The present-day reservoir fluids in the Silurian are the mixtures generated in multiple (at least two)episodes of petroleum charge.The oil charging into Silurian resevior in the early period had experienced considerable degradation,and was mixed with later non-degraded oil.  相似文献