广西宁明亭亮下二叠统古油藏储层三史演化与成藏机理   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

陈学时 《海相油气地质》1998,3(2):16-21

亭亮生物礁古油藏为一发育于早二叠世茅口期已遭破坏的大型生物礁古油藏。探讨了该礁储层的成因、三史（埋藏－构造史、有机质演化史和孔隙演化史）关系及成藏机理。礁原生孔隙普遍发育,但由于成岩期多世代方解石的胶结、充填和埋藏压实作用而破坏殆尽,其最终礁储层和有效孔隙的形成主要受控于深埋有机溶蚀作用及礁顶部存在的不整合面和古风化壳岩溶带。同时紧邻生物礁南部的生油坳陷提供的丰富油源和地下有机酸性流体多期次地运移  相似文献   

Cu and Fe associated with humic acids in sediments of a tropical coastal lagoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Julio Cesar Wasserman  Fernanda B. L. Oliveira  Mnica Bidarra 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,28(12):813-822

The amount of Cu and Fe associated with humic acids was estimated in five sediment cores from a tropical coastal lagoon (Piratininga Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Core samples were analysed for humic acid contents, total Fe and Cu content. Fe and Cu associated with humic acids were also measured. Results show amounts of humic acids ranging from 0.7 to 21.7% of the dry weight of sediment (average 4.6%, standard deviation 4.4%). Concentrations of Fe and Cu ranged from 0.3 to 6.0% (average 2.2%, S.D. 1.2%) and from <1.0 to 65.0 μg g⁻¹ (average 28.6 μg g⁻¹, S.D. 16.4 μg g⁻¹), respectively. The results of strongly bound metals show that while humic acids are the main carrier for Cu, Fe does not seems to be significantly associated with this organic matter.  相似文献   

Fractionation of dissolved organic matter affected by polyvalent metal cations     

Klaus Kaiser 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,28(12):849-854

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of polyvalent cations known to form complexes with natural organic substances on the operational fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) using XAD-8 adsorber resin. Dissolved organic matter solutions from a forest floor were treated with increasing concentrations of polyvalent metal cations (Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺) at different pH levels. Then the concentrations of total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the distribution between hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOC were determined. The concentrations of total DOC decreased slightly when the C/metal ratio was less than 10, especially for Al and Fe. Hydrophilic DOC increased and hydrophobic DOC decreased with increasing concentrations of metal cations. Effects increased in the order Ca<Al<Fe and were more pronounced at low DOC concentrations and high pH values. The reason for the reduction of the DOC concentrations seemed to be the formation of insoluble metal–DOM complexes, while soluble metal–DOM complexes may induce an alteration of the distribution between hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOC. Thus, the polyvalent cations and their concentration need to be considered when DOM fraction distributions, determined with XAD-8 resin, of different waters are compared, especially at low DOC contents and high pH.  相似文献   

Geostatistics of near-surface moisture in bare cultivated organic soils   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Franois Anctil  Renaud Mathieu  Lon-tienne Parent  Alain A. Viau  Mathali Sbih  Masoud Hessami 《Journal of Hydrology》2002,260(1-4):30-37

The aim of this study was to characterise fine scale patterns of organic soil moisture content in the top 5 cm by means of semi-variogram modelling. Soil moisture content was observed along a transect on 2 occasions, early in the 1999 growing season to avoid any influences originating from vegetation and cultural practices. Soil moisture values were found to be normally distributed and were not significantly correlated with the soil organic matter content. Many similarities were depicted between the exponential semi-variograms characteristics of this study and another one in mineral soils, reported in the literature, except for the much higher sills associated with organic soils. Of particular interest were similar correlation lengths, indicating that a correlation range of the order of 100 m should be expected for mineral soils and for the level of moisture and organic matter contents found in this study.  相似文献   

Organic compounds in radiation fogs in Davis (California)     

Pierre Herckes  Michael P. Hannigan  Laurie Trenary  Taehyoung Lee  Jeffrey L. Collett  Jr.   《Atmospheric Research》2002,64(1-4)

New stainless steel active fogwater collectors were designed and used in Davis (CA, USA) to collect fogwater for the speciation of organic matter. Organic compounds in fog samples were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Numerous organic compounds, including various alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkanoic acids, have been identified in the fogwater samples. Higher molecular weight (MW) compounds are preferentially associated with an insoluble phase inside the fog drops, whereas lower molecular weight and more polar compounds are found predominantly in the dissolved phase. Concentrations in the dissolved phase were sometimes much higher than estimated by the compounds' aqueous solubilities.  相似文献   

Organic compounds in aerosol samples     

G. Ketseridis  R. Eichmann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):274-282

In 1975, aerosols were collected with high-volume-samplers and impactors on the west coast of Ireland. The ether extractable organic material (EEOM) was separated into three main fractions: bases (B), acids (A), and neutral compounds (N). Each fraction is a very complex mixture of numerous species. Detailed investigations were carried out on these three main fractions. The individual species were determined quantitatively by gas chromatography. Qualitative identification was done by combined GC-MS.The concentration of total particulate matter (TPM) was in the range of 10 g/m³ (STP) air and the concentration of EEOM was 1 g/m³. The relative composition of the EEOM with regard to the main fractions A, B, and N was N>A>B — the same as in previous measurements. Particles with radii <1 m were investigated separately and showed an enrichment in organic matter.A comparison of individual species from several sample locations is now possible for then-paraffins C₁₀ to C₂₈. The concentrations of all thesen-paraffins are below 10 ng/m³, with no overall obvious preference for specific compounds and no obvious dependence on particle size above or below 1 m radius.A preliminary survey does not show any characteristic differences in the relative composition of the organic constituents of clean air aerosols from different sampling localities. The relative composition with regard to the three main fractions is rather uniform in clean air samples and in samples from polluted regions.  相似文献   

A scanning electron microscope study of bedrock microfractures in granites under high arctic conditions     

Stephen H. Watts 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(2):161-172

Surface specimens obtained from highly-weathered upland plateau outcrops at three localities in high Arctic Canada have been studied using the scanning electron microscope. Observations are given on factors influencing bedrock surface microfracturing processes. Evidence for the concentration of both salts and organic material in surface cracks which could enhance microfracturing is presented. The importance of lithological parameters including: mineralogy, texture, and structures present in influencing the actual processes of disintegration is reiterated. Under cold, dry high Arctic conditions the combined and apparently inseparable affects of frost action, salt crystallization, and organic activity may have contributed to microfracturing largely responsible for widely scattered examples of highly weathered bedrock terrain.  相似文献   

淮南下石盒子组球粒状高岭岩结构及成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘钦甫  张鹏飞 《地质科学》1995,30(4):393-400

淮南下石盒子组球粒状高岭岩形成于三角洲平原上的湖泊环境。球粒是有机质与高岭石组成的复合集合体,可划分出6种结构类型。矿床中高岭石矿物主要有两种来源,一种是由陆源粘土搬运再沉积而成;另一种是由硅铝胶体沉淀并经重结晶作用而来。有机质对高岭石及球粒集合体的形成起重要作用。  相似文献   

Interlaboratory study of a method for determining nonvolatile organic carbon in aquifer materials     

M. E. Caughey  M. J. Barcelona  R. M. Powell  R. A. Cahill  C. Grøn  D. Lawrenz  P. L. Meschi 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(4):211-219

The organic carbon fraction in aquifer materials exerts a major influence on the subsurface mobilities of organic and organic-associated contaminants. The spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) in aquifer materials must be determined before the transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquifers can be modeled accurately. Previous interlaboratory studies showed that it is difficult to measure TOC concentrations <0.1% in aquifer materials, when total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentrations are >1%. We have tested a new analytical method designed to improve the accuracy and precision of nonvolatile TOC quantitation in geologic materials that also contain carbonate minerals. Four authentic aquifer materials and one NIST standard reference material were selected as test materials for a blind collaborative study. Nonvolatile TOC in these materials ranged from 0.05 to 1.4%, while TIC ranged from 0.46 to 12.6%. Sample replicates were digested with sulfurous acid, dried at 40°C, and then combusted at 950°C using LECO or UIC instruments. For the three test materials that contained >2% TIC, incomplete acidification resulted in a systematic positive bias of TOC values reported by five of the six laboratories that used the test method. Participants did not have enough time to become proficient with the new method before they analyzed the test materials. A seventh laboratory successfully used an alternative method that analyzed separate liquid and solid fractions of the acidified sample residues.  相似文献   

Experimental abiotic synthesis of methanol in seafloor hydrothermal systems during diking events     

Kenneth M. Voglesonger  John R. Holloway  Eileen E. Dunn  Peter J. Dalla-Betta  Peggy A. O''Day 《Chemical Geology》2001,180(1-4):129-139

The abiotic synthesis of organic compounds in seafloor hydrothermal systems is one mechanism through which the subsurface environment could be supplied with reduced carbon. A flow-through, fixed-bed laboratory reactor vessel, the Catalytic Reactor Vessel (CRV) system, has been developed to investigate mineral–surface promoted organic synthesis at temperatures up to 400°C and pressures up to 30 MPa, conditions relevant to seafloor hydrothermal systems. Here we present evidence that metastable methanol can be directly synthesized from a gas-rich CO₂–H₂–H₂O mixture in the presence of a mineral substrate. Experiments have been performed without a substrate, with quartz, and with a mixture of quartz and magnetite. Temperatures and pressures in the experiments ranged from 200°C to 350°C and from 15 to 18 MPa, respectively. Maximum conversion of 5.8×10⁻⁴% CO₂ to CH₃OH per hour was measured using a mixture of magnetite and quartz in the reactor. After passivation of the stainless steel reactor vessel, experiments demonstrate that methanol is formed at temperatures up to 350°C in the presence of magnetite, and that the formation rate decreases over time. The experiments also show a loss of surface reactivity at 310°C and a regeneration of surface reactivity with increased temperature up to 350°C. Concentrations of CO₂ and H₂ used in the experiments simulate periodic, localized and dynamic conditions occurring within the seafloor during and immediately following magmatic diking events. High concentrations of CO₂ and H₂ may be generated by dike injection accompanied by exsolution of CO₂ and reaction of dissolved H₂O with FeO in the magma to form H₂. The experiments described here examine how the ephemeral formation of an H₂–CO₂-rich vapor phase within seafloor hydrothermal systems may supply reactants for abiotic organic synthesis reactions. These experiments show that the presence of specific minerals can promote the abiotic synthesis of simple organic molecules from common inorganic reactants such H₂O, CO₂ and H₂ under geologically realistic conditions.  相似文献