2013年河北中南部PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度时间变化特征及其影响气象条件分析     

吴雁  陈瑞敏  王颉 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(4):68-75

对2013年河北省中南部的石家庄、保定、沧州、衡水、邢台和邯郸6个地市市区各站点逐小时PM10和PM2.5监测资料及相应气象资料分析结果表明:6个地市中邢台年污染日数最多,对应其年平均风速最小;沧州的最少,年平均风速最大。各地市各个级别污染日数不同,五、六级重污染天气均集中在10月—次年3月。首要污染物主要是PM10和PM2.5,但比例不尽相同。特殊的地理位置、污染源差异和气象条件的差异造成各地市污染日数、级别的差异。6个地市污染天气过程时段大都相同,区域性污染明显。各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度平均最大值均出现在冬季,PM10浓度平均最小值均出现在夏季,各市PM2.5浓度平均最小值出现的季节不同。6个地市PM10和PM2.5浓度值的月变化趋势相似。不同季节各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日变化趋势不同,极值出现的时间也各不相同,极值出现的时间与气象条件和人类活动关系密切。秋、冬季各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日较差多大于春、夏季的。各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日均值与当地的日均气温、风速、能见度呈负相关关系,与相对湿度呈正相关关系且相关性比较显著。  相似文献   

Minimum Bedrock Exposure Ages and Their Implications: Larsemann Hills and Neighboring Bolingen Islands, East Antarctica     

HUANG Feixin  LI Guangwei  LIU Xiaohan  KONG Ping  JU Yitai  David FINK  FANG Aimin  YU Liangjun 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(3):543-548

<正>Considerable controversy exists over whether or not extensive glaciation occurred during the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) in the Larsemann Hills.In this study we use the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide ~(10)Be(half life 1.51 Ma) to provide minimum exposure ages for six bedrock samples and one erratic boulder in order to determine the last period of deglaciation in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands.Three bedrock samples taken from Friendship Mountain(the highest peak on the Mirror Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) have minimum exposure ages ranging from 40.0 to 44.7 ka.The erratic boulder from Peak 106(just at the edge of the ice sheet) has a younger minimum exposure age of only 8.8 ka.The minimum exposure ages for two bedrock samples from Blundell Peak(the highest peak on Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) are about 17 and 18 ka.On the Bolingen Islands(southwest to the Larsemann Hills;～10 km from the ice sheet),the minimum exposure age for one bedrock sample is similar to that at Friendship Mountain(i.e.,44 ka).Our results indicate that the bedrock exposure in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands commenced obviously before the global LGM(i.e.,20-22 ka),and the bedrock erosion rates at the Antarctic coast areas may be obviously higher than in the interior land.  相似文献   

Periglacial climate at the 2.5 Ma onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation inferred from the Whippoorwill Formation, northern Missouri, USA     

Charles W. Rovey  Greg Balco 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(1):151-161

The Whippoorwill Formation is a gleyed diamicton that is present locally within bedrock depressions beneath the oldest glacial till in northern Missouri, USA. Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism, and cosmogenic-nuclide burial ages show that it was deposited between the Matuyama-Gauss magnetostratigraphic boundary at 2.58 Ma and the first advance of the Laurentide ice sheet into Missouri at 2.47 ± 0.19 Ma. High cosmogenic-nuclide concentrations also show that the constituents of the Whippoorwill Formation experienced long exposure at a stable landscape surface with erosion rates of 1-2 m/Ma. However, cosmogenic-nuclide concentrations are invariant with depth below the Whippoorwill Formation surface, indicating active mixing of the soil profile shortly before burial by till. The Whippoorwill Formation retains numerous features indicative of cryoturbation. Therefore, we interpret it as a buried Gelisol, a soil formed under periglacial conditions in the presence of permafrost. At the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, climate cooling established permafrost conditions and accelerated erosion by inducing landscape instability. Thus, weathered regolith materials were mobilized and redeposited by gelifluction shortly before the ice sheet overrode the landscape.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长10油源及成藏条件分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨华  张文正  蔺宏斌  吴凯  罗丽荣 《地球化学》2010,39(3):274-279

在鄂尔多斯盆地的陕北志丹地区勘探发现了长10油藏,原油密度为0．8152g／cm^3,全烃色谱图的主峰为nC13～nC15油质较轻。轻烃组分中环烷烃较为丰富,芳烃含量低,呈姥植均势（Pr／Ph为1．21～1.45）,原油的δ^13CP08值为-31．78％。,甾萜烷分布与主要参数特征为：重排藿烷类相对丰度很高、伽马蜡烷低,Ts／Tm比值很高（5.54～7．26）C30^＊／C50藿烷比值高（0．67～0．72）,C29Ts／C30藿烷比值高（0．38～0．52）,甾烷中重排甾烷较高、αβ和βα构型甾烷丰富。ααα-20R构型甾烷呈不对称“V”型分布,反映了较为典型的湖相油型油特征。油-油、油-源对比显不,该区长10原油来自长7优质烃源岩。石油可能是在湖盆中部长7优质烃源岩发育的地区通过垂向倒灌进入长10油层组、经侧向运聚成藏的。据此,预测盆地长9和长10油层组具备良好的成藏与勘探潜力。  相似文献   

基于移动式监测的道路PM_2.5浓度精细化时空模拟     

林荣平  周素红 《地理学报》2023,78(1):149-162

作为主要的大气污染指标,PM_2.5浓度常来源于固定环境监测站点的监测与遥感影像数据,但时空精度普遍不足,难以揭示微尺度下城市内部PM_2.5时空分布情况。本文利用移动式监测方法,选择典型工作日(2017年11月27日),对广州市主城区道路以1 s和1 m为时空粒度进行PM_2.5浓度数据采集,并以早、晚出行高峰时段为对象,通过机器学习方法模拟道路PM_2.5精细化时空分布格局。结果表明,主城区早高峰道路PM_2.5浓度值相近的平均范围为24 m,晚高峰为15 m,PM_2.5浓度存在微尺度的时空异质性。利用多层感知器(MLP)构建的早、晚高峰PM_2.5浓度模型,拟合度分别达到0.70和0.68,明显优于传统的普通最小二乘法(OLS)线性回归模型。模型揭示出早高峰主城区全路网PM_2.5平均浓度为30.19μg/m3,晚高峰达到44.55μg/m3,部分高达94.82μg/m3,且“西高东低”的分布特征显著。本文提出的PM  相似文献   

不同强度降雨过程对东莞PM2．5质量浓度的影响     

袁志扬 《广东气象》2014,(5):32-35

通过统计2012—2013年东莞市观测到的629次降雨过程和对应的PM2．5质量浓度降雨前后的变化,分析每次降雨过程的雨量级、时间、强度与PM2．5质量浓度净化大小的关系。结果表明：虽然降雨有助于PM2．5沉降,缓解空气污染,但由于每次降雨过程的雨量、降雨时长、强度不同,降雨前的PM2．5质量浓度不同,雨滴、雾滴的影响,局部性降雨的影响,雨滴大小、数密度以及其它气象要素的影响,导致每次降水过程不是都能削减PM2．5质量浓度,起净化作用,净化的程度也不一样;从平均净化能力来说,雨量级越大、降雨时长越长,雨强越强的降雨过程对PM2．5质量浓度削减的能力越强,净化效果越显著。  相似文献   

延安地区大气中PM_(10)浓度水平及其变化特征     

南雪景  林伟立  崔喜爱  陈平 《气象科技》2014,42(6):1090-1094

利用延安地区2006—2008年大气中可吸入颗粒物PM10的监测资料,分析了PM10的浓度水平、变化规律及其影响因素。延安地区PM10的年平均浓度为153μg/m3,超过国家环境空气质量标准年平均值2级浓度限值70μg/m3的1倍多,这与当地高的PM10区域背景水平(平均值为109μg/m3)紧密相关。PM10质量浓度水平具有明显的季节性,春季最高,冬秋其次,夏季最低。PM10日均值浓度超过国家环境空气质量2级标准的日数占全年的40%,其中春季达66%。PM10质量浓度日变化呈明显的双峰双谷型特征,与风速的日变化有明显的反相关关系。1mm降水量对PM10的湿清除能力按冬、春、秋、夏依次递减。延安地区出现西风或偏西风时PM10平均质量浓度高,但就累积影响而言,处于主导风向上的西南风要比其他方向高40~50μg/m3左右。  相似文献   

Real-Time Observation on Water-Soluble Ions of PM_(2.5)in Beijing under the Influences of Different Air Masses in Summer          下载免费PDF全文

CHENG Meng-Tian  SUN Yang  ZHU Xiao-Wan  CHAO Na 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(1)

To further understand the variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Beijing,the authors observed their concentrations continuously and in high temporal resolution by the system for rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography(RCFP-IC) during 12–18 July 2010.These results combined with those of earlier backward trajectory research are used analyzed to determine the causes of concentration changes in water-soluble ions under the influences of two kinds of air masses in summer.The results indicate that concentrations of NO3-,SO42-,and NH4+ were influenced strongly by the continental air mass than by the marine air mass.Cl- and Na+ were not changed significantly.Because the sources of K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+ are mainly concentrated on land,their concentration levels were slightly higher under the control of continental air mass than that of the marine air mass.Variations of NO2- during the observation differed from those of other ions;its concentration was significantly higher under the influence of marine air mass.Moreover,the authors obtain the diurnal variations of eight water-soluble inorganic ions including NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,and SO42-.Diurnal variations of NH4+,NO3-,and Cl- showed single peak,which appeared before noon,while SO42- showed two peaks that appeared during rush hours.Those of Mg2+,Ca2+,and K+ showed single peak that appeared in the afternoon.That of NO2- showed with a peak appearing at sunrise and a valley appearing at sunset.  相似文献   

基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化BP神经网络的PM_(2.5)浓度预测北大核心CSCD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵侃  师芸  牛敏杰  王虎勤 《测绘通报》2022,(10):44-48

针对传统BP神经网络模型收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值等问题,本文采用分段线性混沌映射(PWLCM)和萤火虫算法(FA)改进麻雀搜索算法(SSA),并优化BP神经网络模型初始权值和阈值,对西安市PM_(2.5)浓度进行预测。通过比较不同模型预测结果的评价指标,并与性能较优的SSA-BP模型对比,ISSA-BP模型预测结果的RMSE、MAPE、MAE分别下降了3.70、3.73、3.34。试验结果表明,改进后的麻雀搜索算法具有高效的全局最优搜索能力,优化后的ISSA-BP神经网络预测稳定性高,精度优于BP、SSA-BP神经网络模型,可用于预测PM_(2.5)浓度。  相似文献   

京津冀区域大气霾污染研究意义、现状及展望   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王跃思  张军科  王莉莉  胡波  唐贵谦  刘子锐  孙扬  吉东生 《地球科学进展》2014,29(3):388-396

频发的霾污染是目前京津冀最严重的环境问题。如何协调区域经济合理快速发展与防止大气环境恶化,已经成为公众关注的焦点,也是各级政府亟待解决的问题之一。对国内外典型大气污染事件的产生及治理历程进行了简要回顾;结合我国当前霾污染问题产生的特殊性,分析了京津冀区域霾污染研究对经济和社会发展、气候和环境变化、人体健康和区域和谐发展的现实意义;阐述了京津冀霾污染现象频发的主要客观要素和内在原因,并分析了当前研究工作中的不足。最后,在全球气候变化的大背景下,推测了京津冀及东亚地区未来大气污染的发展趋势。  相似文献