Late Paleocene–early Eocene Tethyan carbonate platform evolution — A response to long- and short-term paleoclimatic change     

C. Scheibner  R.P. Speijer   《Earth》2008,90(3-4):71-102

The early Paleogene experienced the most pronounced long-term warming trend of the Cenozoic, superimposed by transient warming events such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The consequences of climatic perturbations and associated changes on the evolution of carbonate platforms are relatively unexplored. Today, modern carbonate platforms, especially coral reefs are highly sensitive to environmental and climatic change, which raises the question how (sub)tropical reef systems of the early Paleogene reacted to gradual and sudden global warming, eutrophication of shelf areas, enhanced CO₂ levels in an ocean with low Mg/Ca ratios. The answer to this question may help to investigate the fate of modern coral reef systems in times of global warming and rising CO₂ levels.Here we present a synthesis of Tethyan carbonate platform evolution in the early Paleogene (~ 59–55 Ma) concentrating on coral reefs and larger foraminifera, two important organism groups during this time interval. We discuss and evaluate the importance of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to the dissimilar evolution of both groups during the early Paleogene. Detailed analyses of two carbonate platform areas at low (Egypt) and middle (Spain) paleolatitudes and comparison with faunal patterns of coeval platforms retrieved from the literature led to the distinction of three evolutionary stages in the late Paleocene to early Eocene Tethys: Stage I, late Paleocene coralgal-dominated platforms at low to middle paleolatitudes; stage II, a transitional latest Paleocene platform stage with coralgal reefs dominating at middle paleolatitudes and larger foraminifera-dominated (Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, Assilina) platforms at low paleolatitudes; and stage III, early Eocene larger foraminifera-dominated (Alveolina, Orbitolites, Nummulites) platforms at low to middle paleolatitudes. The onset of the latter prominent larger foraminifera-dominated platform correlates with the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum.The causes for the change from coral-dominated platforms to larger foraminifera-dominated platforms are multilayered. The decline of coralgal reefs in low latitudes during platform stage II is related to overall warming, leading to sea-surface temperatures in the tropics beyond the maximum temperature range of corals. The overall low occurrence of coral reefs in the Paleogene might be related to the presence of a calcite sea. At the same time larger foraminifera started to flourish after their near extinction at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. The demise of coralgal reefs at all studied paleolatitudes in platform stage III can be founded on the effects of the PETM, resulting in short-term warming, eutrophic conditions on the shelves and acidification of the oceans, hampering the growth of aragonitic corals, while calcitic larger foraminifera flourished. In the absence of other successful carbonate-producing organisms, larger foraminifera were able to take over the role as the dominant carbonate platform inhabitant, leading to a stepwise Tethyan platform stage evolution around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. This szenario might be also effective for threatened coral reef sites.  相似文献   

滇西芒市江东花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义     

邹光富  毛英  邹鑫  林仕良  丛峰  李再会  谢韬  高永娟 《地质学报》2013,87(11):1635-1646

腾冲地块江东花岗岩体分布于芒市江东镇—项丘一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成。该花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为58.29±0.44 Ma,表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于古新世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩具有中等SiO2(68.66%~73.50%),高碱(K2O+Na2O=6.87%~9.04%),高钾(K2O/Na2O=1.87~2.20),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.97~1.36的特征。岩石属钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性系列,为过铝质S型花岗岩。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为158.85×10-6~304.26×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱到中等程度的负铕异常。根据岩石地球化学特征判别,该花岗岩的源岩可能是富含粘土的变质杂砂岩,在构造体制由挤压向拉张转变的后碰撞环境下部分熔融形成的。江东古新世后碰撞环境黑云母二长花岗岩的形成,预示着印度板块与冈底斯-波密-腾冲板块的主体碰撞在60Ma之前(即古新世初期之前)已经发生。冈底斯-滕冲构造带古新世构造岩浆造山事件与新特提斯洋的闭合及印度板块与冈底斯-滕冲板块间的俯冲、碰撞造山作用密切相关。  相似文献   

Charophytes from the Cretaceous – Paleogene transition in the Pingyi Basin (Eastern China) and their Eurasian correlation     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

Charophytes from uppermost Campanian to Paleocene deposits in the Pingyi Basin (Shandong Province, Eastern China) are studied from the perspectives of taxonomy, paleoecology, biogeography, and biostratigraphy. The taxonomy of charophytes used by previous authors is revisited based on a study of intraspecific gyrogonite polymorphism, facilitating comparisons between China and Europe. A number of synonymies are proposed. Gobichara deserta is confirmed as a younger synonym of Microchara cristata. The genus Euaclistochara Z. Wang is shown to be a younger synonym of Lamprothamnium J. Groves. Charophyte assemblages from the Pingyi Basin were generally species-poor but showed a high degree of variation depending on the paleoenvironment. During the latest Campanian–Maastrichtian, brackish water assemblages were monospecific, formed by Feistiella anluensis. Permanent lakes were dominated by Microchara cristata and Peckichara praecursoria. Lamprothamnium ellipticum and Mesochara voluta inhabited the overbank ponds near braided rivers. The Paleocene was much more homogeneous and was dominated by Peckichara varians in permanent lakes. A new biozonation is proposed which encompasses two biozones based on species with broad paleoecological requirements and a Eurasiatic distribution. These are the Microchara cristata biozone starting in the latest Campanian and lasting at least until the earliest Danian and the Peckichara varians biozone encompassing the late Danian–earliest Eocene. These biozones allow direct correlation between Chinese and European basins.  相似文献   

中扬子地区江汉盆地古新统沙市组物源——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据     

余小灿  刘成林  王春连  徐海明  孟令阳  蔡睿 《矿床地质》2016,35(6):1169-1189

文章利用LA_ICP_MS分析技术,对江汉盆地西南缘古新统沙市组碎屑岩进行了碎屑锆石的U_Pb年代学研究,获得该区沙市组时期碎屑物源的重要信息。97组协和年龄数据产生了12个年龄峰值,分别为2500 Ma、1870 Ma、995 Ma、850 Ma、708~775 Ma、603~640 Ma、505~553 Ma、408~458 Ma、356 Ma、300 Ma、235 Ma和172 Ma。锆石的年龄峰值主要集中于古元古代、新元古代和早古生代,这些年龄峰值与黄陵隆起和江南造山带中的锆石年龄相同。早中生代年龄峰值也较明显,该年龄通常和大别山的高压和超高压变质岩有关,江南造山带也发育印支期花岗岩。结合该时期岩相古地理特征,认为沙市组主要物源来自黄陵隆起以及扬子板块与大别造山带之间的碰撞带,而南部江南造山带的贡献是次要的。黄陵隆起花岗岩含钾量高,其风化可以给盆地带来丰富的成钾物源。  相似文献   

Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Iullemmeden Basin in Nigeria (West Africa)     

C.A. Kogbe 《Cretaceous Research》1981,2(2):129-186

The Iullemmeden Basin (Mali-Niger-Benin-Nigeria) of tectono-epeirogenic origin was invaded several times by epicontinental transgressions during the Cretaceous and Paleocene.Three major subdivisions are recognized in the Nigerian section of the basin (the “Sokoto Basin”): (1) the lower, continental beds (= Continental Intercalaire) of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age, (2) intermediate marine and brackish water deposits and (3) “Continental T Terminal” of upper Eocene-Miocene age.The geology of the Iullemmeden Basin is reviewed and updated. The relationships between the “Continental Intercalaire” of francophone authors and the Illo and Gundumi Formations are analysed and the type sections of the latter described. It is suggested that the Illo and Gundumi Formations are lateral equivalents.Detailed information on the formations of the Maastrichtian Rima Group is presented. It is concluded that there is no age difference of consequence between the Paleocene Dange, Kalambaina and Gamba Formations.The epicontinental transgressions are interpreted as coming from the north-east, east of the Hoggar massif during the Cenomanian and Turonian and west of the Hoggar during the Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The Sokoto Paleocene molluscan fauna is considered to be terminal Paleocene to Eocene and somewhat younger than the Ewekoro association of coastal Nigeria.A new interpretation of the Continental Terminal is presented. The structural history of the Sokoto Basin is reviewed and partly re-interpreted in the light of new field evidence.  相似文献   

冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式研究--典型原油混合实验及混源油识别模式   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

梁宏斌  张敏  王东良  孟凡成  朱翠山  冯敏 《沉积学报》2004,22(4):689-693

通过典型原油混合实验及其产物的地球化学剖析,揭示当煤成油和下第三系原油混合时,随着下第三系原油的增加,C₁₉三环萜烷,C₂₄四环萜烷,C₃₀重排藿烷,C₂₉甾烷和重排甾烷逐渐变小;而姥鲛烷和植烷,伽马蜡烷和C27甾烷含量则逐渐增加。利用饱和烃生物标志物和芳烃化合物绝对浓度的变化规律,建立了冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式图版。根据混源油识别的模式,判断苏49井的混源油是由10%的下第三系原油和90%的煤成油混合而成;相反文1021井混源油则是由90%的下第三系原油和10%的煤成油混合而成。  相似文献   

Structural and Chronological Evidence for the India-Eurasia Collision of the Early Paleocene in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, Namjagbarwa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHANG Jinjiang  JI Jianqing Department of Geology  Peking University  Beijing ZHONG Dalai  SANG Haiqing  HE Shundong Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(4):446-454

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa is a high-grade metamorphic terrain formed by the India-Eurasia collision and northward indentation of the Indian continent into Asia. Right- and left-lateral slip zones were formed by the indentation on the eastern and western boundaries of the syntaxis respectively. The Dongjug-Mainling fault zone is the main shear zone on the western boundary. This fault zone is a left-lateral slip belt with a large component of thrusting. The kinematics of the fault is consistent with the shortening within the syntaxis, and the slipping history along it represents the indenting process of the syntaxis. The Ar-Ar chronological study shows that the age of the early deformation in the Dongjug-Mainling fault zone ranges from 62 to 59 Ma. This evidences that the India-Eurasia collision occurred in the early Paleocene in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.  相似文献   

胶莱盆地及其邻区白垩纪－古新世沉积构造演化历史及其区域动力学意义   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

张岳桥 《地质学报》2008,82(9):1229-1257

基于野外和钻孔测井资料分析、火山岩同位素年代学分析 (40Ar-39Ar and SHRIMP U-Pb)、地震剖面的构造解释、断层运动学的野外分析结果,综合研究了胶莱盆地及其邻区白垩纪－古新世沉积构造演化历史。岩性地层分析表明,胶莱断陷盆地由三套地层单元所充填：早白垩世莱阳群和青山群、晚白垩世－古新世王氏群。青山群火山岩的同位素年代学测试结果给出了该火山岩的喷发时代在120～105 Ma。地震剖面的构造解译结果揭示胶莱盆地伸展构造受到深部两个拆离构造系统控制：一个发育于盆地南部地区,拆离断面位于深部8~10 km,向南缓倾于苏鲁造山带之下;另一个拆离系统由一系列北倾的犁式断层组成、分布于宽阔的胶莱盆地北部地区,主拆离面向北倾。这两个拆离系统分别形成于早白垩世莱阳群和晚白垩世-古新世王氏群沉积阶段。通过对不同地层单元断层滑动矢量的野外测量和古构造应力场反演,以及地层时代和同位素年代学测试结果的制约,建立了白垩纪－古新世构造应力场演替的年代序列。结果表明,胶莱盆地在白垩纪-古新世之间经历了伸展－挤压应力体制的交替演化。早白垩世伸展作用经历了两个不同的阶段：早期NW-SE向伸展和晚期近W-E向伸展。在早白垩世末期至晚白垩世初期,盆地遭受NW-SE向挤压,导致了胶莱盆地的缩短变形和郯庐断裂带的左旋走滑活动。晚白垩世－古新世时期,构造应力场转变为N-S向伸展,直到古新世末期,构造应力场转换为NE－SW向挤压。胶莱盆地和沂沭裂谷系白垩纪－古新世沉积构造演化历史对华北地区岩石圈减薄过程的动力学背景提供了重要的构造地质学制约。笔者推断,早白垩世两期引张应力作用是分别对华北地区增厚地壳或岩石圈的重力垮塌和岩石圈拆沉的响应,而早白垩世末期NW-SE向挤压记录了古太平洋板块与亚洲陆缘俯冲碰撞产生的远程效应。晚白垩世-古新世的引张伸展作用完全不同于早白垩世伸展构造,它指示了沿NNE向郯庐断裂带的右旋走滑活动及其拉分作用,在动力学上受到青藏地区块体的陆－陆碰撞产生的远程效应和古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆俯冲作用的联合应力场控制。  相似文献   

Biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposits in the Arctic region of West Siberia (Implications of Foraminifers)     

E. M. Bugrova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(1):81-91

Benthic foraminifers from borehole sections recovered by drilling in the Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia, characterize the Ceratobulimina cretacea Beds (the upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian) and the Spiroplectammina variabilis-Gaudryina rugosa spinulosa and Spiroplectammina kasanzevi-Bulimina rosenkrantzi regional zones of the lower and upper Maastrichtian, respectively. The Danian Stage is missing from the sections, which include marine deposits of the Selandian Stage attributed to the Ceratolamarckina tuberculata Beds. Foraminiferal assemblages of the beds include the Siberian endemic species associated with Paleocene foraminifers of the Midway-type fauna of subglobal distribution range. Occurrence of the latter suggests that warm-water surface currents from the North Atlantic reached southern areas of the Kara Sea.  相似文献   

拉萨地体南缘错布拉果花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及成岩动力学背景     

李成志  杨文光  朱利东  杨珍  吝利民  张洪亮 《矿物岩石》2019,(2):45-57

本次研究文对拉萨地体南缘错布拉果岩体进行了两件锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析,揭示了错布拉果花岗岩类型、岩浆源区与演化,并讨论了区域成岩动力学背景。分析结果显示,错布拉果岩体二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为61 Ma^59 Ma,与区域上冈底斯南缘岩浆弧为同一时期。在地球化学组成上,错布拉果花岗岩w(SiO2)70.09%~72.64%,具有高w(Al2O3)14.40%~15.99%,低w(TiO2)0.08%~0.24%,w(MgO)(0.41%~0.76%),w(Fe2O3T)6.82%~29.9%,w(P2O5)0.07%~0.12%和w(CaO)1.06%~1.75%的特征;属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。错布拉果花岗岩轻稀土元素(LREE)含量介于133.69×10^-6~226.64×10^-6之间,重稀土元素(HREE)含量介于17.36×10^-6~32.11×10^-6之间,LREE/HREE介于5.05~7.83之间,富集轻稀土(LREE)和Rb,K,U等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损P,Nb,Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),具有弧型岩浆岩的地球化学组成。另外,错布拉果花岗岩体的铝饱和指数(A/CNK=1.06~1.11)属于弱过铝质的Ⅰ型花岗岩。综合分析表明,错布拉果花岗岩是在印度-亚洲板块碰撞的开始,俯冲下插的新特提斯洋板块由于重力作用造成与大陆板块脱离,引起软流圈上涌,导致岩石圈地幔下地壳底部发生部分熔融从而形成母岩浆,最终在侵位与成岩后期主要经历分离结晶作用。  相似文献