The upper Volgian Substage in Northeast Siberia (Nordvik Peninsula) and its Panboreal correlation based on ammonites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. A. Zakharov  M. A. Rogov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(4):423-436

Section of the middle and upper Volgian substages and basal Boreal Berriasian in the Cape Urdyuk-Khaya (Nordvik Peninsula) is largely composed of dark argillites substantially enriched in C_org. Characteristic of the section is a continuous succession of ammonite, foraminiferal, ostracode, and dinocyst zones known also in the other Arctic areas. Boundaries of the upper Volgian Substage are recognizable only based on biostratigraphic criteria. The succession of the middle Volgian Taimyrosphinctes excentricus to basal Ryazanian Hectoroceras kochi zones is characterized. The range of the substage is revised. The lower Exoticus Zone, where ammonites characteristic of the Nikitini Zone upper part in the East European platform have been found, is referred to the middle Volgian Substage. Newly found ammonites are figured. Two possible positions of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Arctic region, i.e., at the lower and upper boundaries of the Chetae Zone at the top of the upper Volgian Substage, are discussed.  相似文献   

点状地名信息的加权泰森多边形检索法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宇  王琦  吴文周  苏奋振 《测绘学报》2017,46(11):1919-1926

鉴于地名库中多数地名仅以中心点坐标形式记录其空间位置信息,缺乏其空间范围的具体描述,造成地名检索中的片面性和局限性,本文在深入分析地名及其空间属性、空间关系的基础上,考虑同类型地名的不同性质在检索中的重要作用,利用泰森多边形在地名边界近似中的优势,提出了针对点状地名信息的加权泰森多边形检索法,依据同类型地名的面积属性作为权重指标构建泰森多边形,以近似表达地名的空间范围,进而描述地名间的各类空间关系;并从拓扑关系、方位关系与距离关系3个方面给出了具体公式以计算地名间的空间相似性;最后以行政区划边界近似与检索为例验证该方法。试验结果表明,该方法可较好地近似表达地名空间范围及空间关系,增强了检索词与地理信息资源在空间位置上的相似性度量,检索结果优于传统方法。  相似文献   

三次样条在卫星轨道插值中的应用研究     

黄旭方  韦义宏  唐秋玲  陈俊江 《测绘科学》2017,42(1)

针对在卫星轨道插值中三次样条插值法的端点约束条件不易获得的问题,提出两种获得端点一阶导数的计算方法:差分法代替导数法;利用位置、速度和加速度之间的导数关系,求解坐标和速度的一阶导数。通过算例仿真表明,两种方法的坐标插值误差达毫米级以上,速度插值误差达厘米级以上,它们的插值精度均不受分段弧长影响,且比7阶Lagrange插值精度要高,但它们的运算时间比7阶拉格朗日插值法略大。其中,方法一优于方法二,因前者的速度插值误差比后者小,且后者的插值结果存在周期性抖动现象,其抖动周期与抽样频率有关。文中方法具有插值精度高,插值精度不受分段弧长影响,运算量不大的优点,是一种实用的卫星轨道和速度插值方法。  相似文献   

民勤干旱区冬季浓雾形成的边界层条件分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

曾婷  李岩瑛  张强  李军 《气象》2017,43(8):936-942

利用民勤县气象站过程地面小时观测资料、逐日08时和20时每隔50 m探空资料和NECP再分析资料,对2015年11月9—13日出现在干旱区民勤县的一次罕见浓雾天气过程进行了研究分析。结果表明:前期降水后地面相对湿度增大,为大雾形成提供了必要的水汽条件,稳定的高低层环流配置提供了大雾形成的稳定层结和弱风条件。雾层的厚度和强度与近地面逆温层的强度和厚度、边界层高度、水汽垂直运动以及夜间地气温差绝对值密切相关,边界层高度越高,逆温层越厚,雾层越厚;逆温层越强,夜间地气温差绝对值越小,雾层越强。高空环流形势稳定少动,近地层强逆温层、稳定等温层以及饱和湿层长时间维持,导致此次大雾强度和持续时间异常罕见。  相似文献   

基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

吴健生  毛家颖  林倩  李嘉诚 《地理科学》2017,37(1):28-36

基于“生态优先”理念,提出一种利用生境质量评估策略的城市增长边界划定方法。结合ArcGIS和InVEST模型,通过综合评估生境自身及其在威胁情境下的质量,模拟各市独立规划、建设用地指标再分配及区域一体化发展的三类建设用地扩张情景,分别划定2024和2034年的长三角地区城市增长边界。结果表明：研究区生境质量总体呈南高北低格局,平均生态系统服务价值密度为10 770.604元/（hm²·a）,高质生境位于西南地区;根据指标再分配及一体化发展情景模拟的2024年研究区建设用地总量分别为10 583.273 km2和10 489.090 km2,2034年达到13 603.535 km2和13 252.370 km2;模拟的建设用地集中在东部沿海地区,并向北部及环杭州湾区域拓展;建设用地指标再分配能从整体上减少建设用地对优质生境的占用,区域一体化发展则能进一步降低城市发展造成的生态压力。  相似文献   

陆面过程和大气边界层相互作用敏感性实验   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

刘树华  文平辉  张云雁  洪钟祥  胡非  刘辉志 《气象学报》2001,59(5):533-548

文中建立了一个研究陆面物理过程与大气边界层相互作用的模式。模拟了草原下垫面的土壤 环境物理、地面热量通量、蒸发、蒸散及大气边界层结构特征。并对主要的环境物理参数进 行了敏感性实验。结果表明，本模式能合理地模拟地表热量平衡、土壤体积含水量、植被蒸 发阻抗、地表水汽通量日变化和湍流交换系数、湍流动能、位温和比湿廓线等。该模式还可 进一步应用于研究城市陆面物理过程与大气边界层相互作用机制，及与中尺度大气模式耦合用于区域气候的研究。  相似文献   

An Assessment of HOx Chemistry in the Tropical Pacific Boundary Layer: Comparison of Model Simulations with Observations Recorded during PEM Tropics A     

G. Chen  D. Davis  J. Crawford  B. Heikes  D. O'Sullivan  M. Lee  F. Eisele  L. Mauldin  D. Tanner  J. Collins  J. Barrick  B. Anderson  D. Blake  J. Bradshaw  S. Sandholm  M. Carroll  G. Albercook  A. Clarke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(3):317-344

Reported are the results from a comparison of OH,H₂O₂CH₃OOH, and O₃ observationswithmodel predictions based on current HO_x–CH₄reaction mechanisms. The field observations are thoserecorded during the NASA GTE field program, PEM-Tropics A. The major focus ofthis paper is on thosedata generated on the NASA P-3B aircraft during a mission flown in the marineboundary layer (MBL) nearChristmas Island, a site located in the central equatorial Pacific (i.e.,2° N, 157° W). Taking advantage of thestability of the southeastern trade-winds, an air parcel was sampled in aLagrangian mode over a significantfraction of a solar day. Analyses of these data revealed excellent agreementbetween model simulated andobserved OH. In addition, the model simulations reproduced the major featuresin the observed diurnalprofiles of H₂O₂ and CH₃OOH. In the case ofO₃, the model captured the key observational feature whichinvolved an early morning maximum. An examination of the MBL HO_xbudget indicated that the O(¹D) + H₂Oreaction is the major source of HO_x while the major sinks involveboth physical and chemical processes involving the peroxide species,H₂O₂ and CH₃OOH. Overall, the generally goodagreement between modeland observations suggests that our current understanding ofHO_x–CH₄ chemistry in the tropical MBL isquite good; however, there remains a need to critically examine this chemistrywhen both CH₂O and HO₂are added to the species measured.  相似文献   

An Actively Controlled Wind Tunnel And Its Application To The Reproduction Of The Atmospheric Boundary Layer     

Cao Shuyang  Akira Nishi  Kimitaka Hirano  Shigehira Ozono  Hiromori Miyagi  Hiromori Kikugawa  Yuji Matsuda  Yasuo Wakasugi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(1):61-76

An actively controlled wind tunnel equipped with multiple fansand airfoils has been developed, mainly for the purpose of reproducing the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for wind engineering applications. Various fluctuating flows can be achieved in this wind tunnel by altering the input data of the fans and airfoils through computer control. In this study, the ABL is physically simulated in this wind tunnel, and particular attention ispaid to the simulation of the profile of Reynolds stress. The method of generating the fluctuating flow and the experimental results of reproducing the ABL are presented. As the results show, the spatial distribution of Reynolds stress is satisfactorily simulated, and the profiles of other statisticalturbulent parameters, such as mean velocity, turbulent intensity, integral scale and power spectrum are successfully reproduced simultaneously.  相似文献   

Isoprene and Its Oxidation Products Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Methacrolein, and Isoprene Related Peroxides Measured Online over the Tropical Rain Forest of Surinam in March 1998   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. Warneke  R. Holzinger  A. Hansel  A. Jordan  W. Lindinger  U. Pöschl  J. Williams  P. Hoor  H. Fischer  P. J. Crutzen  H. A. Scheeren  J. Lelieveld 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(2):167-185

Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) were performed overthe tropical rainforest in Surinam (0–12 km altitude,2°–7° N, 54°–58° W) using the proton transferreaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique, which allows online monitoringof compounds like isoprene, its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone,methacrolein, tentatively identified hydroxy-isoprene-hydroperoxides, andseveral other organic compounds. Isoprene volume mixing ratios (VMR) variedfrom below the detection limit at the highest altitudes to about 7 nmol/molin the planetary boundary layer shortly before sunset. Correlations betweenisoprene and its product compounds were made for different times of day andaltitudes, with the isoprene-hydroperoxides showing the highest correlation.Model calculated mixing ratios of the isoprene oxidation products using adetailed hydrocarbon oxidation mechanism, as well as the intercomparisonmeasurement with air samples collected during the flights in canisters andlater analysed with a GC-FID, showed good agreement with the PTR-MSmeasurements, in particular at the higher mixing ratios.Low OH concentrations in the range of 1–3 × 10⁵molecules cm^-3 averaged over 24 hours were calculated due to lossof OH and HO₂ in the isoprene oxidation chain, thereby stronglyenhancing the lifetime of gases in the forest boundary layer.  相似文献   

Temporal Surface Ozone Patterns in Urban Manitoba, Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. L. Raddatz  J. D. Cummine 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,99(3):411-428

This study examined temporal surface ozone patternsfor two urban centres in Manitoba,Canada by analyzing hourly concentrations at theWinnipeg downtown (1995–1999), Winnipegresidential (1995–1999) and Brandon industrial(1998–1999) monitoring sites. The characteristicannual ozone cycle and diurnalcycles for June and December were attributable to: (1) theannual and diurnal solar radiation cycles,(2) temporal variations in the emissions of precursorchemical compounds, in particular the source strength ofnitrogen oxides, (3) temporal variationsin the height of the mixed layer, which determinethe degree of dilution of these emissions byatmospheric dispersion, and (4) an in situvolatile organic compound sensitive photochemicalregime, which resulted in decreased concentrations ofozone in response to increasedconcentrations of nitrogen oxides. Onlyone exceedance of the maximum acceptable level of82 ppb was recorded in the study period; itoccurred at the Brandon monitoring site on June 6, 1999.The sequence of weather and the hourly concentrationsof ozone and nitrogen oxides indicatedthat: (1) ozone fumigation, with the transition fromthe nocturnal boundary layer to the daytime mixed layer, mayhave supplemented photochemical ozone formation duringthe morning hours, and (2) during theevening hours, the post cold-frontal downward flux ofozone rich air, which was in the region dueto atmospheric transport, stratosphere-troposphere-exchangeor, possibly, due to the multiplicityof thunderstorms in the area in lateafternoon – early evening, may have been the main cause ofthis rare exceedance event.  相似文献